• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.371-398
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• 2017

Calm water wave resistance plays a very important role in ship hull design. Numerical methods are meaningful for this reason. In this study, two prevailing methods, the Neumann-Kelvin and the Rankine source method, were implemented and compared. The Neumann-Kelvin method assumes linearized free surface boundary condition and only needs to mesh the hull surface. The Rankine source method considers nonlinear free surface boundary condition and meshes both the ship hull surface and free surface. Both methods were implemented and the wave resistance of a Wigley III and three Series 60(Cb=0.6, 0.7, 0.8) hulls were analyzed. The results were compared with experimental results and the merits of both numerical techniques were quantified. Based on the results, it is concluded that the Rankine source method is more accurate in the calculation of the wave-making resistance. Using the Neumann-Kelvin method, it is found to be easier to model the hull and can be used for slender ships to solve problems like wave current coupling calculation.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.70-81
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• 2019

An improved three dimensional Rankine source method is developed to solve numerically water wave problems in time domain. The free surface and body surface are both represented by continuous panels rather than a discretization by isolated points. The integral of Rankine source 1/r on free surface panel is calculated analytically instead of numerical approximation. Due to the exact algorithm of Rankine source integral applied on the free surface and body surface, a space increment free surface source distribution method is developed and much smaller amount of source panels are required to cover the fluid domain surface than other numerical approximation methods. The proposed method shows a higher accuracy and efficiency compared to other numerical methods for various water wave problems.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.225-232
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• 2011

In the present study, a new hull panel generation algorithm, namely panel cutting method, was developed to predict flow phenomena around a ship using the Rankine source potential based panel method, where the iterative method was used to satisfy the nonlinear free surface condition and the trim and sinkage of the ship was taken into account. Numerical computations were performed to investigate the validity of the proposed hull panel generation algorithm for Series 60 ($C_B$=0.60) hull and KRISO container ship (KCS), a container ship designed by Maritime and Ocean Engineering Research Institute (MOERI). The computational results were validated by comparing with the existing experimental data.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 1982

The method of Rankine source distribution is emerging as a powerful yet simple alternative for the solution of complicated free surface problems. But it has been uncertain whether the radiation condition could be satisfied exactly by distributing the simple sources on the free surface only. In this paper, it is proved rigorously that the Rankine sources, whose intensities are varying sinusoidally along the axis satisfying the free surface boundary condition, generate the radiation waves both in the infinite and finite-depth flows. A formula is derived to give the upper and lower bounds of the errors in the induced velocity computation that will be introduced by truncating the extent of source distribution on the free surface. Since the truncation is inevitable in the numerical analysis, this formula may be used as a criterion to limit the position of the field points, where velocity computation is made, away from the truncation boundary. A typical analysis shows that the maximum error will be 3.4 percent of the exact induced velocity when the field point is on the free surface two wave lengths away from the truncation boundary.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.260-277
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• 2021

The appropriate radiation conditions of ship motion problem with advancing speed in frequency domain are investigated from a theoretical and practical point of view. From extensive numerical experiments that have been conducted for evaluation of the relevant radiation conditions, a hybrid radiation technique is proposed in which the Sommerfeld radiation condition and the free surface damping are mixed. Based on the comparison with the results of the translating and pulsating Green function method, the optimal damping factor of the hybrid radiation technique is selected, and the observed limitations of the proposed hybrid radiation technique are discussed, along with its accuracy obtained from the numerical solutions. Comparative studies of the forward-speed seakeeping prediction methods available confirm that the results of applying the hybrid radiation technique are relatively similar to those obtained from the translating and pulsating Green function method. This confirmation is made in comparisons with the results of solely applying either the free surface damping, or the Sommerfeld radiation condition. By applying the proposed hybrid radiation technique, the wave patterns, hydrodynamic coefficients, and motion responses of the Wigley III hull are finally calculated, and compared with those of model tests. It is found that, in comparison with the model test results, the three-dimensional Rankine source method adopting the proposed hybrid radiation technique is more robust in terms of accuracy and numerical stability, as well as in obtaining the forward speed seakeeping solution.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2014

An organic Rankine cycle was analyzed to work at the optimal operating point when the heat source is fluctuated. R245fa was adopted as a working fluid, and an axial-type turbine as expander on the cycle was designed to convert the heat energy to the electricity since the turbo-type expander works at off-design points better than the positive displacement-type expander. A supersonic nozzle was designed to increase the spouting velocity because a higher spouting velocity can produce more output power. They were designed by the method of characteristics for the operating fluid of R245fa. Three different cases, such as various spouting velocities, various inlet total temperatures, and various nozzle numbers, were studied. From these results, an optimal operating cycle can be designed with the organic Rankine cycle when the available heat source as renewable energy is low-grade temperature and fluctuated.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.569-572
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• 2009

In this study, HFC ORCs (Organic Rankine Cycles) are investigated for a low-temperature geothermal power generation by a simulation method. A steady-state simulation model is developed to analyze and optimize cycle's performance. The model contains a turbine, a pump, an expansion valve and heat exchangers. The turbine and pump are modelled by an isentropic efficiency. Simulations were carried out for the given heat source and sink inlet temperatures, and given flow rate that is based on the typical power plant thermal-capacitance-rate ratio. 3 HFC fluids are considered as a candidate for a working fluid of low-temperature ORCs. In this study, all optimized HFC ORCs are shown to yield almost the same performance in terms of power for a low-temperature heat source of about $100^{\circ}C$.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.785-794
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• 2015

To obtain low resistance and high efficiency energy-saving ship, minimum total resistance hull form design method is studied based on potential flow theory of wave-making resistance and considering the effects of tail viscous separation. With the sum of wave resistance and viscous resistance as objective functions and the parameters of B-Spline function as design variables, mathematical models are built using Nonlinear Programming Method (NLP) ensuring the basic limit of displacement and considering rear viscous separation. We develop ship lines optimization procedures with intellectual property rights. Series60 is used as parent ship in optimization design to obtain improved ship (Series60-1) theoretically. Then drag tests for the improved ship (Series60-1) is made to get the actual minimum total resistance hull form.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 1997

This paper is concerned with the calculation of the wave resistance for SWATH ships based on a low order Rankine source panel method. Two types of free surface boundary conditions, Dawson type (double model approximation) and Kelvin type (free stream approximation) are used. For the free surface boundary calculation, an analytic differentiation is employed instead of implementing a finite difference scheme. Then, the radiation condition is satisfied by, so called, the panel shift method. The numerical results using the above two methods are compared with those using the thin ship/modified slender body approximation and also with the experimental results. The SWATH models considered are a single strut SWATH and a twin strut SWATH together with the variations of two demihull separation distance. In order to prove the validity of the program developed, the numerical calculations for a Wigley mono hull and Wigley twin hulls are compared with the available experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.100-103
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 선박의 내항 및 조종성능평가를 위해 사용되는 2차원부가질량계수와 파랑감쇠계쉬를 desingularized indirect boundary integral method를 이용하여 주파수영역에서 계산하였다. 본 방법을 Rankine source를 유체경계면 전체에 분포하는 방법으로 수학적으로 간단하고 경계조건의 변경 및 적용이 용이하다는 장점이 있다. 하지만 물체표면, 자유수면 그리고 방사경계면의 계산영역 및 요소의 배치에 따라 계산정확도에 차이가 발생한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수치시험을 통해, 자유수면과 방사계면의 적절한 계산영역과 요소의 개수를 결정하였다. 계산의 정도와 효율성을 확보하기 위하여, 자유수면과 방사경계면의 계산영역과 요소의 분포를 파의주파수에 따라 달리 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 수치방법을 활용하여 계산된 동유체력과 실험에서 계측된 동유체력을 비교하여 본 방법의 정도를 확인하였다.