• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2008

멀티미디어 기술과 콘텐츠의 발달로 3차원 데이터의 사용 범위가 넓어지고, 이를 보다 효율적으로 관리하고 검색하기 위한 시스템이 필요하다. 본 논문은 효율적인 3차원 모델의 형상 기반 검색을 하기위해 모델의 특징을 추출하는 단면 형상 영상 방법을 제안한다. 3차원 모델의 특징 기술자는 모델에 대한 위치, 회전, 크기에 불변해야 하므로 모델을 정규화 시키는 작업이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 주성분 분석 방법을 이용하여 정규화하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 주성분 분석을 통해 각 축의 방향 성분을 찾고, 각 축에 직교하는 n 개의 평면을 생성한다. 이 평면은 각 축의 방향과 직교 성분을 갖으며 단면 형상 영상을 구하는데 사용된다. 단면 형상 영상은 3차원 모델과 각 평면이 교차해서 생기는 2차원 평면 영상이다. 제안한 3차원 모델의 특징 기술자는 단면 형상 영상의 중심점과 2차원 형상(shape)을 이루는 직선까지의 유클리디안 거리(distance)값들의 분포도이다. 검색 성능 평가는 MPEG-7에서 제시한 표준 평가 방법인 표준화된 수정 검색 순위의 평균(ANMRR)을 이용하였고 제안한 방법의 우수성을 실험 결과를 통해 입증하였다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2008

병원 무선망에서 호 수락 방식과 보다 적은 범위 셀 환경에서 QoS를 보장하기 위해 통합된 페이징과 루프 정보 관리 캐시를 사용하는 Cellular IP 특성을 가진 Cellular-IP/PRC 네트워크를 제안한다. 제안한 호 수락 방식은, 이동 노드의 홈 기지국 용량이 충분하고, 인접 셀 이동 노드가 홈 기지국에서 호가 수락되었다고 가정할 경우 받을 간섭의 증가량을 고려해 통화 품질이 보장될 때, 홈 기지국은 새로운 호를 이동 노드의 송신 전력 예측에 기반을 둔 호 수락 방식이다. 병원 무선망 내의 페이징과 라우터를 관리하기 위해 사용되었던 PC(Paging Cache)와 RC(Routing Cache)를 하나의 PRC(Paging Router Cache)로 통합 관리하고, 모든 노드 내에 구성하여 운용토록 하고, 이동 노드의 핸드오프 및 로밍 상태를 효율적으로 관리 할 수 있도록 이동 노드에 핸드오프 상태 머신을 추가하며, 노드에서 관련 기능을 수행하도록 연구한다. 시스템 환경에서 통화량에 영향을 주는 인자를 분석하고 각 링크 통화권 및 불균형 정도를 예측하여, 하향링크에 의해 통화권이 제한되었는지를 판단하여 호를 수락 또는 차단하는 알고리즘 이용 총 송수신 전력을 기반으로 제안한 알고리즘을 응용해서 QoS에서 가장 밀접하고 중요한 호 차단 확률과 호 탈락 확률, GoS(Grade of Service), 셀 용량의 효율을 예측 처리하여 QoS 성능 개선을 나타낸다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2000

OECD농업/환경위원회 요청에 의하여 질소양분 균형지표 (Input-Output)설정을 위한 기초자료가 되는 비료소비량, 가축분생산량 생물적 질소고정량, 작물흡수량, 탈질량 및 작물부산물 회수량 등을 조사하였다. 질소균형지표는 1997기준, 탈질량을 포함할 경우와 포함하지 않을 때 각각 ha당 158kg, 211kg이었으나 OECD에서 요구하는 탈질량과 작물 부산물 회수량을 제외하는 경우는 250kg으로 산출되었다. 질소균형지표를 연도별로 비교해 보면 1985년 기준 $70{\sim}162kg\;ha^{-1}$에 비하여 1997년은 1.7~2.3배나 증가되었으며, 주요인은 가축분생산량 및 화학비료 소비량 증가와 경지면적 감소 때문이었다. 질소균형지표의 구성비율은 1997년을 기준으로 하여 질소의 Input에서 화학비료 59%, 가축분뇨 42%, 기타 5%이며 (가축분중 질소휘산량은 6%임), Output는 작물생산 73%, 부산물 회수량 23%, 목초생산 4%이였다. OECD사무국에서 검토한 자료(안)에 의하면 1995~1997년 기준 탈질량과 부산물회수를 통한 질소 질소제거량을 제외한 질소균형지표는 우리나라가 $253kg\;ha^{-1}$으로 네델란드의 $262kg\;ha^{-1}$ 다음으로 회원국중 두번째로 높으며, 일본은 $135kg\;ha^{-1}$이었다.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1060-1068
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• 2018

Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration is an important cause of low back pain. Overview of Literature: Spinal fusion is often reported to have a good course for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, many studies have reported that adjacent segment degeneration is accelerated after lumbar spinal fusion. Radiography is a simple method used to evaluate the orientation of the vertebral column. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method most often used to specifically evaluate intervertebral disc degeneration. The Pfirrmann classification is a well-known method used to evaluate degenerative lumbar disease. After spinal fusion, an increase in stress, excess mobility, increased intra-disc pressure, and posterior displacement of the axis of motion have been observed in the adjacent segments. Methods: we retrospectively secured and analyzed the data of 15 patients (four boys and 11 girls) with AIS who underwent a spinal fusion surgery. We studied the full-length view of the spine (anterior-posterior and lateral) from the X-ray and MRI obtained from all patients before surgery. Postoperatively, another full-length spine X-ray and lumbosacral MRI were obtained from all participants. Then, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, curve correction, and fused and free segments before and after surgery were calculated based on X-ray studies. MRI images were used to estimate the degree to which intervertebral discs were degenerated using Pfirrmann grading system. Pfirrmann grade before and after surgery were compared with Wilcoxon signed rank test. While analyzing the contribution of potential risk factors for the post-spinal fusion Pfirrmann grade of disc degeneration, we used generalized linear models with robust standard error estimates to account for intraclass correlation that may have been present between discs of the same patient. Results: The mean age of the participant was 14 years, and the mean curvature before and after surgery were 67.8 and 23.8, respectively (p<0.05). During the median follow-up of 5 years, the mean degree of the disc degeneration significantly increased in all patients after surgery (p<0.05) with a Pfirrmann grade of 1 and 2.8 in the L2-L3 before and after surgery, respectively. The corresponding figures at L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 levels were 1.28 and 2.43, 1.07 and 2.35, and 1 and 2.33, respectively. The lower was the number of free discs below the fusion level, the higher was the Pfirrmann grade of degeneration (p<0.001). Conversely, the higher was the number of the discs fused together, the higher was the Pfirrmann grade. Conclusions: we observed that the disc degeneration aggravated after spinal fusion for scoliosis. While the degree of degeneration as measured by Pfirrmann grade was directly correlated by the number of fused segments, it was negatively correlated with the number of discs that remained free below the lowermost level of the fusion.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.178-192
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• 2020

Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the impacts of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral treatment (BT) on weight loss and psychological outcomes among patients with three different subtypes of obesity: simple obesity, obesity with binge eating disorder, and obesity with depression. Methods: Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Research Information Sharing Service, and Korean Studies Information Service System were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials conducted on or before May 2020, that used CBT to treat obesity. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane's risk of bias tool 2 and publication bias was evaluated through the funnel plot using the trim and fill method, Egger's test, and Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine effect size. Results: Twenty-one randomized controlled trials with a total of 22 intervention arms and 2,590 patients were included. Our study results revealed that the effects of CBT, compared with BT, on weight loss distinctly differed across all patient subgroups. In the simple obesity group, CBT was more effective than BT (Hedges' g=0.138, CI=0.012~0.264); however, in the obesity with binge eating disorder group, BT was more effective than CBT (Hedges' g=-0.228, CI=-0.418~-0.038); in the obesity with depression group, the effect of CBT was not statistically different from that of BT (Hedges' g=0.276, CI=-0.307~0.859). Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the outcomes observed in this study. Conclusions: Our results indicated that the effects of CBT on obesity treatment vary based on patient subtype. Therefore, our findings suggest that CBT or BT should be selectively recommended as a treatment strategy for different obesity subtypes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1017-1025
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• 2022

Bone homeostasis is regulated by constant remodeling through osteogenesis by osteoblasts and osteolysis by osteoclasts and osteoporosis can be provoked when this balance is broken. Present pharmaceutical treatments for osteoporosis have harmful side effects and thus, our goal was to develop therapeutics from intrisincally safe natural products. Fucoidan is a polysaccharide extracted from many species of brown seaweed, with valuable pharmaceutical activities. To intensify the effect of fucoidan on bone homeostasis, we hydrolyzed fucoidan using AMG, Pectinex and Viscozyme. Of these, fucoidan biotransformed by Pectinex (Fu/Pec) powerfully inhibited the induction of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) by the receptor for activation of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). To investigate potential of lower molecular weight fucoidan it was separated into >300 kDa, 50-300 kDa, and <50 kDa Fu/Pec fractions by ultrafiltration system. The effects of these fractions on TRAP and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were then examined in differentiated osteoclasts and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, respectively. Interestingly, 50-300 kDa Fu/Pec suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclasts differentiation from BMMs but did not synergistically enhance osteoblasts differentiation induced by osteogenic agents. In addition, this fraction inhibited the expressions of NFATc1, TRAP, OSCAR, and RANK, which are all key transcriptional factors involved in osteoclast differentiation, and those of Src, c-Fos and Mitf, as determined by RT-PCR. In conclusion, enzymatically low-molecularized 50-300 kDa Fu/Pec suppressed TRAP by downregulating RANKL-related signaling, contributing to the inhibition of osteoclasts differentiation, and represented a potential means of inducing bone remodeling in the background of osteoporosis.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2022

바이오필릭 디자인은 인간의 정신적 건강과 심리적 안정, 치유와 회복을 경험할 수 있도록 공간과 장소를 창조하는 작업을 의미한다. 본 연구는 바이오필릭 디자인 분석틀을 적용하여 소쇄원의 치유·회복적 환경요인과 특성을 체계적으로 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 바이오필릭 디자인 분류체계를 정립한 후 『소쇄원 48영』을 대상으로 내용분석과 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 48영에는 대나무, 소나무, 매화를 비롯한 식물 단어의 비율이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 시냇물, 폭포, 연못 등의 다양한 물 형태의 단어 뿐 아니라 역동적인 물흐름이나 물과의 상호작용 등에 관한 단어도 높은 순위로 나타났다. 또한, 시각적 경관요소와 미기후적인 요인, 후각이나 청각, 촉각 등의 감각적 자극요인, 계절적 변화를 통해 자연을 간접적으로 경험하게 하는 공감각적이고 감성적인 요소들이 다양하게 표현되었다. 공간적 경험요소와 관련하여 경관 조망 및 감상, 사색과 소통, 풍류를 가능하게 공간 및 동선 배치는 소쇄원의 풍부한 감각자원들을 감상하고 경험할 기회를 제공하고 있다. 결론적으로 바이오필릭 디자인 관점에서의 소쇄원의 치유회복적 가치를 48영을 통해 확인할 수 있었으며, 전통공간의 치유요인들에 대한 추후 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1044-1053
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• 2021

Objective: Motion-corrected averaging with a single-shot technique was introduced for faster acquisition of late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging while free-breathing. We aimed to evaluate the image quality (IQ) of free-breathing motion-corrected single-shot LGE (moco-ss-LGE) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Materials and Methods: Between April and December 2019, 30 patients (23 men; median age, 48.5; interquartile range [IQR], 36.5-61.3) with HCM were prospectively enrolled. Breath-held single-shot LGE (bh-ss-LGE) and free-breathing moco-ss-LGE images were acquired in random order on a 3T MR system. Semi-quantitative IQ scores, contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs), and quantitative size of myocardial scar were assessed on pairs of bh-ss-LGE and moco-ss-LGE. The mean ± standard deviation of the parameters was obtained. The results were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The moco-ss-LGE images had better IQ scores than the bh-ss-LGE images (4.55 ± 0.55 vs. 3.68 ± 0.45, p < 0.001). The CNR of the scar to the remote myocardium (34.46 ± 11.85 vs. 26.13 ± 10.04, p < 0.001), scar to left ventricle (LV) cavity (13.09 ± 7.95 vs. 9.84 ± 6.65, p = 0.030), and LV cavity to remote myocardium (33.12 ± 15.53 vs. 22.69 ± 11.27, p < 0.001) were consistently greater for moco-ss-LGE images than for bh-ss-LGE images. Measurements of scar size did not differ significantly between LGE pairs using the following three different quantification methods: 1) full width at half-maximum method; 23.84 ± 12.88% vs. 24.05 ± 12.81% (p = 0.820), 2) 6-standard deviation method, 15.14 ± 10.78% vs. 15.99 ± 10.99% (p = 0.186), and 3) 3-standard deviation method; 36.51 ± 17.60% vs. 37.50 ± 17.90% (p = 0.785). Conclusion: Motion-corrected averaging may allow for superior IQ and CNRs with free-breathing in single-shot LGE imaging, with a herald of free-breathing moco-ss-LGE as the scar imaging technique of choice for clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.190-203
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• 2023

Objective: We aimed to assess and validate the radiologic and clinical factors that were associated with recurrence and survival after curative surgery for heterogeneous targetoid primary liver malignancies in patients with chronic liver disease and to develop scoring systems for risk stratification. Materials and Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 197 consecutive patients with chronic liver disease who had a single targetoid primary liver malignancy (142 hepatocellular carcinomas, 37 cholangiocarcinomas, 17 combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinomas, and one neuroendocrine carcinoma) identified on preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and subsequently surgically removed between 2010 and 2017. Of these, 120 patients constituted the development cohort, and 77 patients from separate institution served as an external validation cohort. Factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified using a Cox proportional hazards analysis, and risk scores were developed. The discriminatory power of the risk scores in the external validation cohort was evaluated using the Harrell C-index. The Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate RFS and OS for the different risk-score groups. Results: In RFS model 1, which eliminated features exclusively accessible on the hepatobiliary phase (HBP), tumor size of 2-5 cm or > 5 cm, and thin-rim arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) were included. In RFS model 2, tumors with a size of > 5 cm, tumor in vein (TIV), and HBP hypointense nodules without APHE were included. The OS model included a tumor size of > 5 cm, thin-rim APHE, TIV, and tumor vascular involvement other than TIV. The risk scores of the models showed good discriminatory performance in the external validation set (C-index, 0.62-0.76). The scoring system categorized the patients into three risk groups: favorable, intermediate, and poor, each with a distinct survival outcome (all log-rank p < 0.05). Conclusion: Risk scores based on rim arterial enhancement pattern, tumor size, HBP findings, and radiologic vascular invasion status may help predict postoperative RFS and OS in patients with targetoid primary liver malignancies.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.695-706
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the technical and clinical efficacy of the percutaneous insertion of a biliary metallic stent, and to identify the factors associated with biliary stent dysfunction in patients with malignant duodenobiliary obstruction. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 70 patients (39 men and 31 women; mean age, 63 years; range, 38-90 years) who were treated for malignant duodenobiliary obstruction at our institution between April 2007 and December 2018, were retrospectively reviewed. Variables found significant by univariate log-rank analysis (p < 0.2) were considered as suitable candidates for a multiple Cox's proportional hazard model. Results: The biliary stents were successfully placed in all 70 study patients. Biliary stent insertion with subsequent duodenal stent insertion was performed in 33 patients and duodenal stent insertion with subsequent biliary stent insertion was performed in the other 37 study subjects. The median patient survival and stent patency time were 107 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 78-135 days) and 270 days (95% CI, 95-444 days), respectively. Biliary stent dysfunction was observed in 24 (34.3%) cases. Multiple Cox's proportional hazard analysis revealed that the location of the distal biliary stent was the only independent factor affecting biliary stent patency (hazard ratio, 3.771; 95% CI, 1.157-12.283). The median biliary stent patency was significantly longer in patients in whom the distal end of the biliary stent was beyond the distal end of the duodenal stent (median, 327 days; 95% CI, 249-450 days), rather than within the duodenal stent (median, 170 days; 95% CI, 115-225 days). Conclusion: The percutaneous insertion of the biliary metallic stent appears to be a technically feasible, safe, and effective method of treating malignant duodenobiliary obstruction. In addition, a biliary stent system with a distal end located beyond the distal end of the duodenal stent will contribute towards longer stent patency in these patients.