• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the survival rates of Korean females aged 40 to 49 years with breast cancer detected by supplemental screening ultrasound (US) or screening mammography alone. Materials and Methods: This single-institution retrospective study included 240 patients with breast cancer (mean age, 45.1 ± 2.8 years) detected by US or mammography who had undergone breast surgery between 2003 and 2008. Medical records were reviewed for clinicopathologic characteristics and detection methods. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients with breast cancer in the US and mammography groups using the log-rank test. Multivariable cox regression analysis was used to identify independent variables associated with DFS and OS. Results: Among the 240 cases of breast cancer, 43 were detected by supplemental screening US and 197 by screening mammography (mean follow-up: 7.4 years, 93.3% with dense breasts). There were 19 recurrences and 16 deaths, all occurring in the mammography group. While the US group did not differ from the mammography group in tumor stage, the patients in this group were more likely to undergo breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy than the mammography group. The US group also showed better DFS (p = 0.016); however, OS did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.058). In the multivariable analysis, the US group showed a lower risk of recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.097; 95% confidence interval, 0.001-0.705) compared to the mammography group. Conclusion: Our study found that Korean females aged 40-49 years with US-detected breast cancer showed better DFS than those with mammography-detected breast cancer. However, there were no statistically significant differences in OS.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2002

Anterior subcapsular cataract was developed by opacification with transdifferentiation and abnormal proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) and pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). After-cataract also be caused by a similar transdifferentiation of LECs remaining after surgery and the accompanying increase of ECM deposits. It is blown that prostaglandin E2 and cytokine, such as TGF-$\beta$, bFGF, and IL-1, were associated with abnormal proliferation and transdifferentiation of LECs. The aim of this study was to detect the expression of transforming growth factor-$\alpha$ (TGF-$\alpha$), transforming growth factor-$\beta_1$(TGF-$\beta_1$) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in LECs of senile and diabetic cataract. The expressions of these growth factors in lens epithelial cells were determined. The sample for growth factor determination were collected in senile cataract patients without metabolic disorder, especially diabetes mellitus and diabetic cataract patients. The mRNA expression of growth factors was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by Southern blot analysis. Statistics were analysed using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR/southern analysis of RNA obtained from thirty surgical specimens demonstrated that the level of mRNA expression of TGF-$\alpha$, -$\beta_1$ and bFGF was increased in diabetic cataract lens tissues compared with senile cataract specimens but non-significant, bFGF and TGF-$\beta_1$ mRNA expression were detected in most patients, expression level of TGF-$\beta_1$ was most high on the basis of normal ocular concentration. Detection rate of TGF-$\alpha$ in diabetic cataract was 1.5 fold higher than in senile cataract (P=0.098). TGF-$\alpha$, TGF-$\beta_1$, and bFGF mRNA expression of LECs were detected in senile and diabetic cataract. In both patient groups, expression level of TGF-$\beta_1$, mRNA was high, so We suggest TGF-$\beta_1$ strong influence in development of senile cataract and of diabetic cataract also. TGF-$\alpha$ expression level was similar but more frequently detected in diabetic cataract than in senile cataract. In conclusion, TGF-$\alpha$ may be associated with early development of diabetic cataract.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3785-3792
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• 2015

The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (CEBPA) is a transcriptional factor that plays a crucial role in the control of proliferation and differentiation of myeloid precursors. This gene was recognized as the target of genetic alterations and were associated with clinical complexity among AML. We here analyze the frequency and types of CEBPA mutations and polymorphisms in a de novo AML patients from South India and tried to find out associations of these variations with different clinical parameters and the prognostic significance in AML. Study was carried out in 248 de novo AML patients, cytogenetic analysis was performed from the bone marrow samples and was karyotyped. PCR-SSCP analysis and sequencing was performed for the detection of CEBPA gene variations. All the statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17 (statistical package for social sciences) software. Pearson Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log rank tests were performed. CEBPA mutations were detected in 18% and CEBPA polymorphisms were detected in 18.9% of AML cases studied. Most of the mutations occured at the C terminal region. Polymorphisms were detected in both N and C terminal region. with most common being, c.584_589dup ACCCGC and c.690G>T. A significant association was not observed for the mutation and polymorphism with respect to clinical and laboratory parameters. Survival advantage was observed for the mutated cases compared to non mutated cases, especially for the normal karyotype groups. Polymorphisms has no effect on the survival pattern of AML patients. CEBPA mutation and polymorphisms were observed with similar frequency and was identified in all the FAB subtypes as well as in cytogenetic risk groups in our study population, but CEBPA mutations alone confer a prognostic value for NK AML patients.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.1522-1534
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 미리 구축해 놓은 학습데이터 없이도 입력된 작문이 주어진 작문 주제에 적합한 내용인지 아닌지를 자동으로 판단할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. ConceptNet은 다양한 종류의 문서에서 추출한 자연언어 문장들로부터 구축된 그래프 형태의 지식베이스이다. 본 연구에서는 작문 주제에 해당하는 작문 프롬프트(essay prompt)와 ConceptNet만을 이용하여 문서의 주제-이탈 여부를 판별하는 방법을 제안한다. ConceptNet에서 두 개념간의 최단 경로를 찾고 이에 대한 의미 유사도를 계산하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 이용하여 작문 프롬프트와 수험생 작문 내용을 ConceptNet의 개념들로 매핑하고 이 개념들 사이의 의미 유사도를 계산하여 작문 프롬프트와 수험생 작문 사이의 주제 부합 여부를 판단한다. 8개의 작문 시험을 수행하여 얻은 수험생 작문 데이터에 대하여 평가를 수행한 결과 기존의 연구에 비해 좋은 성능을 얻을 수 있었다. ConceptNet을 활용하면 유의미한 단순 추론이 가능하기 때문에 본 연구에서 제안한 방법은 추론을 요하는 작문 문제에도 적용 가능함을 보였다.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권45호
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• pp.285.1-285.10
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• 2018

Background: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is a feasible treatment option for high-risk prostate cancer (PCa). While patients may achieve undetectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after RARP, the risk of disease progression is relatively high. We investigated metastasis-free survival, cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) outcomes and prognosticators in such patients. Methods: In a single-center cohort of 342 patients with high-risk PCa (clinical stage ${\geq}T3$, biopsy Gleason score ${\geq}8$, and/or PSA levels ${\geq}20ng/mL$) treated with RARP and pelvic lymph node dissection between August 2005 and June 2011, we identified 251 (73.4%) patients (median age, 66.5 years; interquartile range [IQR], 63.0-71.0 years) who achieved undetectable PSA levels (< 0.01 ng/mL) postoperatively. Survival outcomes were evaluated for the entire study sample and in groups stratified according to the time to biochemical recurrence dichotomized at 60 months. Results: During the median follow-up of 75.9 months (IQR, 59.4-85.8 months), metastasis occurred in 38 (15.1%) patients, most often to the bones, followed by the lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. The 5-year metastasis-free, cancer-specific, and OS rates were 87.1%, 94.8%, and 94.3%, respectively. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis revealed time to recurrence as an independent predictor of metastasis (P < 0.001). Time to metastasis was an independent predictor of OS (P = 0.003). Metastasis-free and CSS rates were significantly lower among patients with recurrence within 60 months of RARP (log-rank P < 0.001). Conclusion: RARP confers acceptable oncological outcomes for high-risk PCa. Close monitoring beyond 5 years is warranted for early detection of disease progression and for timely adjuvant therapy.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2019

Objective: To compare digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and conventional full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in the detectability of breast cancers in patients with dense breast tissue, and to determine the influencing factors in the detection of breast cancers using the two techniques. Materials and Methods: Three blinded radiologists independently graded cancer detectability of 300 breast cancers (288 women with dense breasts) on DBT and conventional FFDM images, retrospectively. Hormone status, histologic grade, T stage, and breast cancer subtype were recorded to identify factors affecting cancer detectability. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare cancer detectability by DBT and conventional FFDM. Fisher's exact tests were used to determine differences in cancer characteristics between detectability groups. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine whether the detectability score differed according to cancer characteristics. Results: Forty breast cancers (13.3%) were detectable only with DBT; 191 (63.7%) breast cancers were detected with both FFDM and DBT, and 69 (23%) were not detected with either. Cancer detectability scores were significantly higher for DBT than for conventional FFDM (median score, 6; range, 0-6; p < 0.001). The DBT-only cancer group had more invasive lobular-type breast cancers (22.5%) than the other two groups (i.e., cancer detected on both types of image [both-detected group], 5.2%; cancer not detected on either type of image [both-non-detected group], 7.3%), and less detectability of ductal carcinoma in situ (5% vs. 16.8% [both-detected group] vs. 27.5% [both-non-detected group]). Low-grade cancers were more often detected in the DBT-only group than in the both-detected group (22.5% vs. 10%, p = 0.026). Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)-negative cancers were more often detected in the DBT-only group than in the both-detected group (92.3% vs. 70.5%, p = 0.004). Cancers surrounded by mostly glandular tissue were detected less often in the DBT only group than in the both-non-detected group (10% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.016). DBT cancer detectability scores were significantly associated with cancer type (p = 0.012), histologic grade (p = 0.013), T and N stage (p = 0.001, p = 0.024), proportion of glandular tissue surrounding lesions (p = 0.013), and lesion type (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Invasive lobular, low-grade, or HER-2-negative cancer is more detectable with DBT than with conventional FFDM in patients with dense breasts, but cancers surrounded by mostly glandular tissue might be missed with both techniques.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.210-217
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• 2009

목 적: 림프절 전이가 동반된 직장암 환자들에서 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 발현이 생존율에 미치는 영향을 조사 하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년부터 2004년까지 직장암으로 동아대병원에서 근치적 수술과 수술 후 방사선치료를 받은 환자들 중에서 림프절 전이가 동반된 경우를 대상으로 후향적분석을 하였다. 86명 중에서 수술 후 조직을 찾을 수 없는 3명, 악성 흑색종 1명, 진단 전후 2년 내에 위암과 폐암이 발생한 각 1명, 진단 시에 간 전이가 있었던 1명, 720 cGy 후 방사선치료를 거부한 1명 등을 제외한 78명을 대상으로 분석하였다. COX-2에 대한 면역조직화학염색은 자동면역염색기로 하였고, 스캔한 후, 영상분석기를 이용하여 분석하였다. Kaplan-Meier 생존율 분석을 하였고, Log rank 검사로 유의성을 조사하였다. 결 과: 면역조직화학염색에서 COX-2 양성이 62명(79.5%), 음성이 16명(20.5%)이었고, 양성도가 1, 2, 3인 환자들이 각각 6명(7.7%), 15명(19.2%), 41명(52.6%)이었다. 환자의 나이(60세 미만, 이상), 성별, 수술 방법(복회음절제술, 하위전방절제술), 세포의 분화도, 종양의 크기(5 cm 미만, 5 cm 이상), T병기, N병기, 병기(IIIa, IIIb, IIIc), 등에 따른 COX-2 발현의 차이는 없었다. 전체 환자의 5년 생존율과 무병생존율은 각각 57.0%, 51.6%였다. COX-2 음성과 양성인 환자들의 5년 생존율이 72.9%와 53.0% (p=0.146), 5년 무병생존율이 72.7%와 46.3% (p=0.118)였다. COX-2 양성도가 0, 1, 2, 3인 환자들의 5년 생존율은 각각 72.9, 50.0 51.3, 53.1%였고(p=0.495), 5년 무병생존율은 각각 72.7, 50.0, 46.7, 45.1%였다(p=0.451). 5년 생존율은 악성종양 세포의 분화도, N병기, 병기, 등에 따라서, 5년 무병생존율은 N병기, 병기, 등에 따라서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 결 론: 림프절 전이가 동반된 직장암 환자에서 COX-2의 발현 여부와 정도는 생존율에 유의한 영향을 주지는 않았다. 하지만 향후 보다 많은 환자군을 대상으로 연구하여, COX-2 발현이 직장암의 예후에 미치는 영향을 규명해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.195-211
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• 2014

클라우드 컴퓨팅 서비스는 IT 자원을 사용자 요구에 따라 서비스 형태로 제공하며, IT 자원을 소유하는 기존의 개념에서 빌려서 사용하는 개념으로 새로운 IT 패러다임 전환을 이끌고 있다. 이러한 클라우드 컴퓨팅은 과거의 네트워크 컴퓨팅, 유틸리티 컴퓨팅, 서버 기반 컴퓨팅, 그리드 컴퓨팅 등에 대한 연구들을 기반으로 진화해온 IT 서비스로서, 추후 여러분야에 접목 가능성이 높음에 따라 다양한 분야에서의 연구가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 1994년부터 2012년까지 주요 해외 저널에 게재된 클라우드 컴퓨팅 관련 연구 논문들의 서지정보 및 인용정보를 수집하였으며, 사회 네트워크 분석 척도를 활용하여 연구 논문간의 인용 관계와 동일 논문에 출현하는 키워드간의 관계로부터 연구 주제들 간 네트워크 변화를 분석하였다. 이를 통해서 클라우드 컴퓨팅 관련 분야의 연구 주제들간의 관계를 파악할 수 있었고, 추후 잠재성이 높은 신규 연구 주제들을 도출하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 클라우드 컴퓨팅에 대한 연구 동향 맵(research trend map)을 작성하여, 클라우드 컴퓨팅과 관련된 연구 주제들의 동태적인 변화를 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 동향 맵을 통해서 클라우드 컴퓨팅 주요 연구들의 추이를 쉽게 파악 할 수 있으며, 진화 형태 또는 유망 분야를 설명할 수 있다. 논문 인용 관계 분석 결과, 클라우드 컴퓨팅 보안과 분산 처리, 클라우드 컴퓨팅에서의 광네트워크에 관한 연구 논문들이 페이지랭크 척도를 기준으로 상위에 나타났다. 연구 논문의 핵심 주제를 나타내는 키워드에 대한 결과는 2009년에는 클라우드 컴퓨팅과 그리드 컴퓨팅이 높은 중심성 수치를 보였으며, 2010~2011년에는 데이터 아웃소싱, 에러검출 방법, 인프라구축 등 주요 클라우드 요소 기술에 관한 키워드가 높은 중심성 수치를 나타내었다. 2012년에는 보안, 가상화, 자원 관리 등이 높은 중심성 수치를 보였으며, 이를 통해서 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술들에 대한 관심이 점차 증가함을 확인 할 수 있다. 연구 동향 맵 작성 결과, 보안은 유망영역에 위치하고 있으며, 가상화는 유망영역에서 성장 영역으로 이동하였고, 그리드 컴퓨팅과 분산 시스템은 쇠퇴 영역으로 이동하고 있음을 확인 할 수 있다.