• 대기
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2024

The Korea Meteorological Administration has improved medium-range weather forecasts by implementing post-processing methods to minimize numerical model errors. In this study, we employ a statistical correction technique known as the minimum continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) to refine medium-range forecast guidance. This technique quantifies the similarity between the predicted values and the observed cumulative distribution function of the Unified Model Ensemble Prediction System for Global (UM EPSG). We evaluated the performance of the medium-range forecast guidance for surface air temperature and relative humidity, noting significant enhancements in seasonal bias and root mean squared error compared to observations. Notably, compared to the existing the medium-range forecast guidance, temperature forecasts exhibit 17.5% improvement in summer and 21.5% improvement in winter. Humidity forecasts also show 12% improvement in summer and 23% improvement in winter. The results indicate that utilizing the minimum CRPS for medium-range forecast guidance provide more reliable and improved performance than UM EPSG.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2017

Recently, there are various researches using inaudible high frequencies like as wireless communication based smart devices, data transmission algorithm, indoor positioning trace technologies. However, when they use high frequencies of inaudible range, they have a problem that the accuracy of data transmission with high frequencies was low because of interference from ambient noise in our real life. To solve this problem, in this paper, we proposed an application based on smart phone and server system for collection of ambient noise and detection of robust high frequency range. The server system could detect the robust high frequency range from statistical analysis of collected noise and the robust high frequency could avoid interference from ambient noise. We tested the proposed application's ability to gather noise and high frequencies for a certain period of time to evaluate performance. According to the testing results, we confirmed that the proposed application and server system could detect a robust high-frequency range via noise analysis in real life. Therefore, the proposed application and server could be a useful technology for future research on inaudible high frequencies.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2003

This study was to investigate the effects(pain, discomfort, and range of motion) of heat therapy according to the application time among the elderly with osteoarthritis. Study participants were 27 elderly women, who were diagnosed as osteoarthritis, suffered from it for more than 6 months, and who were staying at a nursing home in Busan. The independent variable was heat therapy, which was applied for 20minutes, one time per week according to 3 timetable(before waking up, while in daily living, before going to bed) over 6 weeks. The dependent variables were pain and discomfort measured by 20 points visual analog scales, and range of extension and flexion measured by goniometery. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. The results were as follows ; 1) There were significant differences for pain(F=9.77 p=.0001), discomfort(F=8.07 p=.001), range of extension(F=3.05 p=.05), and flexion(F=9.67 p=.0001) among heat therapy application times. 2) There were significant differences for pain(F=58.18 p=.0001), discomfort(F=63.68 p=.0001), range of extension(F=11.59 p=.001), and flexion(F=17.59 p=.0001) between before and after applying heat therapy. 3) There were not statistically significant differences for pain(F=.64 p=.531), discomfort(F=.18 p=.836), range of extension(F=1.33 p=.270), and fiexion(F=.26 p=.773) between before and after applying heat therapy according to the heat therapy application times. In conclusion, heat therapy was effective in reducing pain and discomfort, and in improving ROM for the elderly with osteoarthritis, but the effect of it was not different according to the time of application. We recommended further studies with larger sample size, longer and more repeatedly applied to investigate the effect of heat therapy according to the time of application.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1112-1115
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• 2015

최근 레이다 관련 소재기술, 회로설계기술, 구조설계기술에 관하여 기술적 진보가 있었다. 그 결과, 레이다의 성능은 향상되었으며, 단가는 감소하였다. 그에 따라 레이다를 다양한 목적으로 활용하기 위한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 재구성이 가능한 S대역과 X대역에서 동작하는 레이다 구조를 제안하고 구현하였다. $51.2cm{\times}50.6cm$ 크기를 가지는 표적을 2 m부터 6 m까지 0.25 m 단위로 이동하며, 각 위치에 대하여 10회 측정하였다. 측정결과, S대역에서는 최대 26.40 cm의 거리오차를 가졌으며, 거리오차평균은 5.63 cm, 거리오차분산은 0.24 cm을 가졌다. X대역에서는 최대 8.53 cm의 거리오차를 가졌으며, 거리오차평균은 2.52 cm, 거리오차분산은 0.04 cm을 가졌다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.157-169
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• 1993

The most effective modality for cold application and the length of the application have not been determined despite many studies about the use of cold. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to examine the most effective modality among three methods of cold application, the most effective length of time for the application and the continuing effect after each type of cold application. Thirty adult patients admitted to medical and neurosurgical unit and with high fever (above 38.2 ℃) were assigned randomly to each of three cold ap-plication methods : (a) ice bag: (b) cold compress; and (c) tepid water sponge bath. Each method was applied to the whole anterior surface except the face and neck with the patient in the supine pos-ition. Rectal temperatures and skin temperatures (mid chest, upper arm, thigh and leg) were measured be-fore each application and every 10 minutes during ,each application for a period of 60 minutes. They were also measured every 10 minutes for 30 minutes after each cold application was finished. The experiments were carried out from Dec. 22. 1992 through Feb. 26, 1993. The data were analysed using means, ANCOVA Sheffe test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are as follows : 1. There were no significant differences among the three cold application methods in the reduction of body temperature, 2. Among the ice bag, cold compress and tepid water sponge bath groups, the ice bag proved to be the most effective method for lowering skin temperature while the cold compress was least effective. 3. Both rectal and skin temperature continued to decrease during the 60 minutes of cold application, but the hunting phenomena was not observed at any of the cold application sites. 4. There were no significant correlations between mean rectal and skin temperatures. 5. Skin temperatures according to the cold application sites decreased to a range of 3.46℃ to 5.20℃ (mid chest), a range of 4.48℃ 4.96℃ (upper arm), a range of 3.86℃ to 5.05℃ (thigh), and a range of 5.42℃ -7.12℃ (leg ). 6. In continuing effect after the cold applications were finished, rectal temperatures according to ice bag, cold compress and tepid sponge bath decreased to 0.29℃, 0.23℃ and 0.09℃ respectively, while the mean skin temperatures increased to 2.39℃ , 2.04℃ and 2.22℃ respectively. In this experiment the ice bag was the most effective modality for lowering skin temperature. when-ever cold is applied for systemic effect, the continuing effect of cold should be considered. The determination of the most effective length of time for cold application needs further study.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.486-492
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• 2005

A practical recursive WLS (weighted least squares) algorithm is proposed to estimate relative range using LOS (line-of-sight) information for ASM (anti-ship missile) application. Apart from the previous approaches based on the EKF (extended Kalman filter), to ensure good convergence properties in long range engagement situations, the proposed scheme utilizes LOS rate measurements instead of conventionally used LOS angle measurements. The estimation error property for the proposed filter is investigated and a simple error compensator is devised to enhance its estimation error performances. Simulation results indicate that the proposed filter produces very accurate range estimates with extremely small computations.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

목적 : 건강한 성인을 대상으로 목의 관절가동범위를 측정하는데 임상에서 간편하게 적용할 수 있는 스마트폰 어플리케이션의 유용성을 확인하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 목의 관절가동범위는 스마트폰 어플리케이션과 각도계로 목의 굽힘, 폄, 오른쪽 돌림, 왼쪽 돌림, 오른쪽 가쪽 굽힘, 왼쪽 가쪽 굽힘의 움직임을 각각 측정하였다. 검사자내 신뢰도와 검사자간 신뢰도를 측정하기 위해 같은 검사자가 두 번, 다른 검사자가 한 번으로 총 세 번 측정을 실시하였다. 검사 순서는 무작위로 하였으며, 두 검사자는 서로 측정한 결과를 알지 못하게 하였다. 결과 : 연구에 참여한 대상자는 남자 9명, 여자 21명이었다. 실험 결과 스마트폰 어플리케이션과 각도계의 평균 각도 비교에서 오른쪽 가쪽 굽힘을 제외한 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>.05). 스마트폰 어플리케이션과 각도계의 검사자내 신뢰도는 전 움직임에서 ICC값이 .841~.958로, 검사자간 신뢰도는 전 움직임에서 ICC값이 .720~.944로 나타나 모두 높은 수준의 신뢰도를 보였다. 결론 : 스마트폰 어플리케이션과 각도계는 목의 관절가동범위를 측정하는데 신뢰할 수 있는 것으로 나타나, 스마트폰 어플리케이션은 관절가동범위에 신속하고 정확한 측정으로 인해 임상에서 유용한 도구로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제34S권10호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1997

Until now, considerable progress has been made in the application of range finding techanique performing direct 3-D measurement from the object. However, ther are few use of the method in the area of the application of material handing. We present a range finding vision system consisting of static and dynamic range finders to automate a reclaimer used for material handling. A static range finder detects range data of the front part of the piles of material, and a height map is obtained from the proposed image processing algorithm. The height map is used to calculate the optimal job path as features for required information for material handling function. A dynamic range finder attached on the side of the arm of the reclaimer detects the change of the local properties of the material with the handling function, which is used for avoiding collision and detecting the ending point for changing direction. the developed vision systm was applied to a 1/20 simulator and the results of test show that it is appropriate to use for automating the material handling.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2017년도 전력전자학술대회
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• pp.188-189
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• 2017

There has been a growing demand for power semiconductor switches equipped with high-voltage blocking capability of kV range and fast-switching characteristics of ns range in various plasma application. This paper investigates the application of SiC MOSFETs in the particular plasma application which requires the blocking voltage of 4.5kV and the switching transient time of less than 100ns. In order to meet the required blocking voltage, the series connection of multiple SiC MOSFETs is adopted in this paper. Also, snubber capacitors are employed to equalize the voltage sharing among the series connected SiC MOSFETs. The simulation and experimental result successfully verifies the application of SiC MOSFETs and snubber capacitors in the plasma application requiring high-voltage and fast-switching load dynamics.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2000

To understand the signal fluctuation of a wide-range oxygen sensor installed at the exhaust confluence point, when a misfiring is triggered in a cylinder, the steady state and the transient response characteristics of the sensor to the flow of the misfired gas were investigated quantitatively. It was recognized that the steady state output voltage of the sensor increased higher when it contacted the misfired gas even though the fueling condition was the same as the normal combustion case and this characteristic enabled the application of the wide-range oxygen sensor for the misfire detection. The transient response was compared at different engine speeds and it was found that the response speed increased with the engine speed. The signal fluctuation was also estimated quantitatively, using these steady state and transient response of the sensor, and the estimated signal showed satisfactory correlation with the measurements.