• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.112-116
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• 2017

This study applied risk indexes to the disaster flow event occurred at Mt. Umyeon region in 2011. A 2D hydrodynamic model was employed to calculate flow characteristics, and the model was validated against two dam break flow problems conducted by Bellos and EU CADAM project. The model performance was shown to be satisfactory. In order to determine which index is more appropriate to assess the vulnerability of debris flow, 3 risk indexes (FII, FHR and VDI) were considered. It was found that VDI, which determines the risk level only by the velocity factor, consistently predicted the risk level corresponding to 6 because the velocity range was widely organized. However, in the case of FII and FHR, the risk was reasonably quantified due to combined consideration of significant factors of flow velocity and debris thickness. Therefore, FII and FHR are expected to be more accurate than VDI. However, two indexes still need to be improved to include major factors such as debris density or material properties.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.15-31
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• 2013

Consumers are quite worried about food safety because food is one of the most important necessities in everyday life. Many studies have been conducted regarding the food safety issues, however, most researches have focused only on a limited range of risk factors and used only quantitative survey methods. The purpose of this study was to investigate consumers' perceptions of the risky components of food safety and how the perceptions have been formed. For this study in-depth interviews were conducted. For the interviewees, nine housewives, who are in their 30s to 50s, were selected taking into consideration their age, education level, number of children, and employment status. Results showed that the risk factors many consumers worried about were agricultural pesticides, MSG, food additives, GMO, Mad Cow Disease, preservatives, and growth hormones, etc. Consumers were worried about the risk of the retail process the most because they thought it was not informed and controlled well. Consumers tend to worry much more when the risks are involuntary, uncontrollable, unreliable, and have a gradual negative effect. Some of the food safety-oriented behaviors of consumers were also investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.158-163
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• 2018

Major producers have already built compressors since World War I and have been monopolizing all domestic and overseas markets based on the accumulated technology, and the dependency of the manufacturers over the entire industry is deepening. Therefore, it is expected that the technological gap with developed countries will be larger without development of the related technology. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a unique technology for a new type of high efficiency compression system. In this study, we present localization of Hydraulic Compressor which can meet the technical trends such as cost reduction, efficiency improvement, environmental friendliness, wide operating range, low capacity / high capacity compatibility, size reduction, easy operation and easy maintenance.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2018

Terahertz (THz) represents the portion of the electromagnetic radiation between the microwave and the infrared region and is within the frequency range of 0.1-10 THz. The ability of THz waves to pass through a wide variety of packaging materials, combined with their ability to characterize the molecular structure of many substances makes it an attractive tool for the application of food quality and safety management. This review provides current information on application of THz spectroscopy/imaging technology for food quality and safety management. The THz spectroscopy/imaging technology has been shown to be useful for detecting foreign bodies, vitamin/moisture, pesticides, antibiotics, melamine etc. However, major barriers to the adoption of THz spectroscopy/imaging for food quality and safety management include THz signal loss in heterogeneous food matrices, high costs of sources and detectors, and absence of a library for the wide group of food compounds. Further research is needed to overcome these barriers.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2023

Background: Job safety analysis (JSA) is a popular technique for hazard identification and risk assessment in workplaces that has been applied across a wide range of industries. This systematic review was conducted to answer four main questions regarding JSA: (1) which sectors and areas have used JSA? (2) What has been the aim of employing JSA? (3) What are the shortcomings of JSA? (4) What are the new advances in the field of JSA? Methods: Three main international databases were searched: SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed. After screening and eligibility assessment, 49 articles were included. Results: Construction industries have used JSA the most, followed by process industries and healthcare settings. Hazard identification is the main aim of JSA, but it has been used for other purposes as well. Being time-consuming, the lack of an initial list of hazards, the lack of a universal risk assessment method, ignoring hazards from the surrounding activities, ambiguities regarding the team implementing JSA, and ignorance of the hierarchy of controls were the main shortcomings of JSA based on previous studies. Conclusion: In recent years, there have been interesting advances in JSA making attempts to solve shortcomings of the technique. A seven-step JSA was recommended to cover most shortcomings reported by studies.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2013

Nitrate is a naturally occurring compound in plant and can be converted to nitrite in the nitrogen cycle and vice versa. Therefore, it is easy to find nitrate in plants including vegetables. Especially, it is known that high levels of nitrate found in leafy vegetables. Nitrate itself is relatively non-toxic but its metabolites and reaction products such as nitrite, nitric oxide and N-nitroso compounds, may produce adverse health effects such as methaemoglobinaemia and carcinogenesis. To execute the risk assessment of dietary nitrate and nitrite for the intake of vegetables, it is investigated that the levels of nitrate and nitrite in 23 vegetables (798 samples). The range of concentration were 0-6,719mg/kg for nitrate and 0-1,635mg/kg for nitrite, respectively. The Estimated daily intakes (EDI) were 0.85-1.38 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrate and 0.02-0.03 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrite by ages. We conclude that there are no health concerns for eating various vegetables since the EDI were below the Tolerable Daily Intake (3.7 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrate, 0.06 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrite) level established by WHO.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.258-274
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• 2016

Recently, as fluctuations in annual precipitations continue to grow, the frequency of floods and droughts is rapidly increasing. Especially, since many reservoirs are reported as having less capacity and aging faster than large dams, the damages due to floods and droughts are estimated to become more severe. With this background for the present study, field investigation of reservoirs in Chungnam, Chungbuk, and Chonbuk regions was carried out for disaster prevention and the safety management of agricultural reservoirs. Furthermore, embankment transformations were compared and analyzed after the raising of embankments. Based on design methods for remodeling agricultural reservoirs and the results of embankment raising and the problems which occurred on crest, supplementation to the upstream and downstream slopes, control sector, and spillway should be implemented in the existing reservoir. In regard to this, the condition assessment score of compound member of reservoirs was performed, the Chungnam region score was in the 3.11-4.73 range. In addition, reservoirs in Chungbuk scored in the 4.00-4.49 range, and reservoirs in Chonbuk scored in the 3.90-4.60 range. Applying current precision safety inspection practices to small reservoirs requires economic expenses and time, for which assessment items are too varied and complex. Therefore, subdivided condition assessment items and criteria should be improved and streamlined by deleting, reducing, combining, and selecting only the riskiest factors. In the future, reservoirs should be periodically monitored and systemically managed and rational plans for maintenance and repairs should be used as reinforcement methods.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 2020

Background: Cadmium exposure may induce chronic intoxication with renal damage. Silver soldering may be a source of cadmium exposure. Methods: We analyzed working environment measurement data and periodic health screening data from a small-scale silver soldering company with ten workers. Concentrations of cadmium in air from working environment measurement data were obtained. Concentrations of blood and urinary cadmium, urine protein, and urine β2-microglobulin (β2M) were obtained. The generalized linear model was used to identify the association between blood and urine cadmium and urine β2M concentrations. Clinical features of chronic cadmium intoxication focused with toxicological renal effects were described. Results: The mean duration of work was 8.5 years (standard deviation [SD] = 6.9, range = 3-20 years). Cadmium concentrations in air were ranged from 0.006 to 0.015 mg/㎥. Blood cadmium concentration was elevated in all ten workers, with a highest level of 34.6 ㎍/L (mean = 21.288 ㎍/L, SD = 11.304, range = 9.641-34.630 ㎍/L). Urinary cadmium concentration was elevated in nine workers, with a highest level of 62.9 ㎍/g Cr (mean = 22.151 ㎍/g creatinine, SD = 19.889, range = 3.228-62.971 ㎍/g creatinine). Urine β2M concentration was elevated in three workers. Urinary cadmium concentration was positively associated with urine protein concentration (beta coefficient = 10.27, 95% confidence interval = [4.36, 16.18]). Other clinical parameters were compatible with renal tubular damage. Conclusion: Cadmium intoxication may occur at quite low air concentrations. Exposure limit may be needed to be lowered.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

Recent research on stand-alone focused on the improvement and development of functions for solving problems such as the limited operating time of stand-alone installed at dwelling and their low reliability caused by false alarms, but it is more urgent to study on the operating range of stand-alone sensor in consideration of the impacts of combustion products on residents because the primary goal of fire safety is minimizing casualties. This study purposed to propose the optimized operating range of stand-alone sensor in consideration of the impacts of combustion products on residents. For this purpose, we made a mathematical approach to the change of temperature over the lapse of time in compartment fires similar to house fires, and established the standards of the body's response against heat and smoke based on literature review. In addition, we surveyed domestic and foreign technological standards for stand-alone sensor, and converted them to standards for residents of the body's response against heat and smoke using mathematical model equations and analyzed them comparatively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.131-144
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• 2019

The purpose of study was to determine the hygrophyte index of each plant(HIP) considering the moisture environment condition (MEC) of the native plants on the downstream slope of the fill dam and evaluate its applicability which to develop a method to search for leaks and saturated zones of the fill dam for status evaluation of precision safety diagnosis. The HIP was weighted average and consisted of 19 ranks. The weighted average was calculated according to the following three procedures: First, the linear assumption was made according to the actual habitat environmental conditions, the second one was weighted to 10% of the optimal habitat condition, and finally the average value of the distribution range values. The Hygrophyte index of vegetation at each plot (HIV) was obtained from the Sinheung reservoir (Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do) using the results of vegetation survey of the Sinheung reservoir with precision safety diagnosis and suggested the use of the hygrophyte index of the cultivated vegetation. The average HIP range of plant species that emerged in 50 survey sites on the downstream slope of the Sinheung reservoir is 2.99 to 3.56. The coefficient of variation showed a large difference depending on the appearance of the leakage indicator plant(LIP) species. The range of HIV is 2.80 to 4.26, the mean value is 3.37, standard deviation is 0.37 and the coefficient of variation is 9.7%. As a result, the value of the coefficient of variation showed a large difference depending on the appearance of the plant species.