• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.433-439
• /
• 2004

The movement range and diurnal behavior of red seabream (Chrysophrys major) tagged by the ultrasonic pinger externally were measured by acoustic telemetry techniques in the marine ranch of Tongyeong on 20 March to 30 October, 2003. The movement of fishes was monitored with the radio-acoustic linked positioning (RAP) buoy system and VR2 receivers. The test fishes showed behavior. pattern going to deep waters and returning to shallow waters. They moved gradually to deep waters as time goes by. They had a tendency to move wider range in night-time than day-time. It was found that the test fishes rarely showed a significant response to the artificial reefs.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2012

DSRC system is a communication system that consists of road side equipment and on board equipment to provide services of communication technology for intelligent transportation systems. In this paper, we carry out a short-range dedicated high-speed wireless communications via DSRC system based on board equipment that is installed in the vehicle and road side equipment through wireless channels of communication. on board equipment is system that have a memory which initialization information is stored, it loads physical layer and MAC layer, LLC layer, L7 layer in turn. In the upper, it should analyze the various commands that are sent from roadside base stations, and carry out the operation which is in accordance with the command. and also it designs the structure of protocol stack which is TRM Layer loaded that is to initialize on L7 layer and MAC layer and efficiently designs operation between on board equipment and the road side equipment.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2022

This study attempts to provide basic data for the development of manpower maintenance programs by checking the degree of job stress and emotional burnout for nurses working in a university hospital and identifying factors affecting emotional burnout. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire survey conducted on 187 nurses. The average score for job stress of nurses was 2.50 (range 1 to 4) and emotional burnout was 3.29 (range 1 to 5). The factors affecting emotional burnout were occupational climate, job demand, job insecurity, and lack of reward, which accounted for 44% of explanatory power. In order to reduce the emotional burnout of nurses, the management of medical institutions needs administrative and financial support. Further, it is necessary to improve the organizational culture regarding job assignment through job analysis, employment security, and a performance-based reward system.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 2020

In addition to a range of H&S documentation, a range of actions, beliefs, interventions, practices, and states are important in terms of achieving optimum construction H&S. Conclusions include that H&S documentation facilitates and assists planning, organising, leading, controlling, and coordinating H&S. Furthermore, current H&S documentation: is inappropriate in that it can be complex, generic, lengthy, onerous, repetitive (duplicative), and vague; engenders dubious practices; generally, 'does not add the potential value'; shifts the focus from the physical process, and could be improved. Recommendations include: industry associations should review their 'audit system' to interrogate the allocation of points; H&S documents must reflect the intention of the requirement; the synergy between H&S documentation, and actions, interventions, and practices should be investigated, digested, and focused upon, and 'audits', or rather inspections, should focus more on the physical process, actions, interventions, and practices, than documentation.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2007

The purpose of the clinically reportable range (CRR) in clinical chemistry is to estimate linearity in working range. The reportable range includes all results that may be reliably reported, and embraces two types of ranges: the analytical measurement range (AMR) is the range of analyte values that a method can directly measure on the specimen without any dilution, concentration, or other pretreatment not part of the usual assay process. CAP and JCAHO require linearity on analyzers every six months. The clinically reportable range is the range of analyte values that a method can measure, allowing for specimen dilution, concentration, or other pretreatment used to extend the direct analytical measurement range. The AMR cannot exceed the manufacturer's limits. Establishing AMR is easily accomplished with Calibration Verification Assessment and experimental Linearity. For example: The manufacturer states that the limits of the AST on their instrument are 0-1100. The lowest level that could be verified is 2. The upper level is 1241. The verified AMR of the instrument is 2-1241. The lower limit of the range is 2, because that is the lowest level that could be verified by the laboratory. The laboratory could not use the manufacturer's lower limit of 2 because they have not proven that the instrument values below 2 are valid. The upper limit of the range is 1241, because although the lab has shown that the instrument is linear to 1241, the manufacturer does not make that claim. The laboratory needs to demonstrate the accuracy and precision of the analyzer, as well the validation of the patient AMR. Linearity requirements have been eliminated from the CLIA regulations and from the CAP inspection criteria, however, many inspectors continue to feel that linearity studies are a part of good lab practice and should be encouraged. If a lab chooses to continue linearity studies, these studies must fully comply with the calibration/calibration verification requirements of CLIA and/or CAP. The results of lower limit and upper limit of clinically reportable range were total protein (2.1 - 79.9), albumin (1.3 - 39), total bilirubin (0.2 - 106.2), alkaline phosphatase (13 - 6928.2), aspartate aminotransferase (24 - 7446), alanine aminotransferase (13 - 6724.2), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (16.64 - 9904.2), creatine kinase (15.26 - 4723.8), lactate dehydrogenase (127.66 - 13231.8), creatinine (0.4 - 129.6), blood urea nitrogen (8.67 - 925.8), uric acid (1.6 - 151.2), total cholesterol (48.52 - 3162), triglycerides (36.91 - 3367.8), glucose (31 - 4218), amylase (21 - 6694.2), calcium (3.1 - 118.2), inorganic phosphorus (1.11 - 108), HDL (11.74 - 666), NA (58.3 - 1800), K (1.0 - 69.6), CL (38 - 1230).

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.1-27
• /
• 2007

This study is designed to estimate an appropriate level of patient's cost-sharing for oriental medical services in the Korean National Health Insurance. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) The current co-payment system for oriental medical services does not reflect its cost structure in clinical practice due to inconsistency of cost-sharing plan in the NHI. 2) Both oriental medical institutions and their patients, as a result, are at a relative disadvantage in financial burden, compared with other services. 3) The substantial proportion of patients' cost-sharing depends on the amount of co-payment and the range of medical cost that a flat rate is applied to. 4) The extension of the range doesn't make any substantial decrease in patient's cost-sharing. 5) The fixed amount of co-payment is more sensitive than a range to total variations of patient's cost-sharing. Based on the above, the budget impacts of a new co-payment system were estimated for each co-insurance rate, according to given scenarios. The results range from -59 billion Won (-8.5%) to 16 billion Won(2.3%).

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 2014

This paper describes system definition of the extended range EV and presents cruising strategy of EV mode and ER mode. Also high voltage battery strategic SOC could be indicated and compared depends on various generator working cycles. A C-segment SUV has been produced and carried out cruising test in order to validate on highway, city and hill climbing road. This paper shows advantages and disadvantages of SOC variation on each road environments and presents the strategies as the cruising test results. On the basis of the test result, this paper suggests future works and research directions for strategy of battery management to extended range EV.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.423-430
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The main purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe parenting stress and needs of mothers of children with atopic dermatitis. Method: Data were collected from 111 mothers of children under 6 year-old with atopic dermatitis registered at one university affiliated medical center in Seoul. The instruments used for this study were a self-report questionnaire, Parenting Stress Index (PSI) Short Form by Abidin, and an open question to identify nursing needs. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and contents analyses were done. Result: The mean score for parenting stress was 77.25 (range: 12-60), for parent domain 31.50 (range: 12-60), parent-child domain 21.02 (range: 11-55) and child domain was 24.72 (range: 11-51). There was a significant positive relationship between parenting stress and severity of symptom (r=0.192, p<.005). The maternal stressors included extra housework related to symptom management, treatment related to atopic dermatitis, personality and behavior of child, and financial problems. Conclusion: the mothers of children with atopic dermatitis have high parenting stress from various stressors and needs. It is recommended that nursing interventions should include stress management and take into consideration the educational needs of mothers.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.96-113
• /
• 2013

문화재 안전관리는 아직 그 개념이 분명하게 정립되지 못하였고, 문화재 안전관리의 범위와 종류 등에 관해서도 체계적인 정리가 이루어지지 못한 상태에 있다. 현장 관리 측면에서도 다양한 위험요인으로부터 문화재의 안전을 확보할 수 있는 시스템이 구축되지 못하여 위험이 상존하고 있다. 구체적으로는 제도적으로 문화재 안전관리에 관한 법률 등 규정이 극히 제한적인 수준에 머물러 있고, 시설적으로는 소방설비 등 안전설비의 설치 운용에 적정성이 확보되지 못하고 있으며, 주변 환경 면에서도 문화재 안전 확보에 필요한 조치가 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 목조문화재를 중심으로 안전관리상의 문제점과 한계를 극복하기 위해 문화재 안전관리의 개념과 종류, 범위 등을 설정하였다. 그리고 문화재 안전관리 수준을 한 단계 높이기 위해 현장에서 안전관리를 담당하는 안전경비인력과 일선 소방공무원들의 의식을 다각적으로 조사 분석하여 목조문화재 안전관리 강화 방향을 제시하였다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.177-185
• /
• 2008

Purpose: To investigate the degree of pain, and to identify barriers to and satisfaction with pain management, in an effort to provide baseline data for effective pain management interventions. Methods: The study design was descriptive and correlational. A total of 100 cancer patients who were cared for at home participated in this study. Questions regarding self-rated pain, as well as barriers to and satisfaction with pain management were included in the study instruments. The data were collected by nurses using a face-to-face interview method in May of 2008. Results: Thirty six percent of the participants were in their 70's and 18.0% suffered from cancer of the large intestine. The usual degree of pain was reported as 3.43 out of 10 points, and the study patients were generally moderately satisfied with their pain management (M=$3.15{\pm}0.78$; range, 1-5). The mean barrier score was $3.24{\pm}0.52$ (range, 1-5) and concerns regarding the progress of cancer was the most highly evaluated barrier. There was a negative relationship between the degree of pain and satisfaction with pain management, and between barriers to and satisfaction with pain management. Conclusion: The precise evaluation of pains is crucial to the proper management of pain, and the education and promotion of proper pain management practices may help to overcome barriers to pain management for cancer patients.