• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2010

In general, spinal fusion surgery takes pressure off the pain induced nerves, by restoring the alignment of the spine. Therefore spinal fixation system is used to maintain the alignment of spine. In this study, a biomechanical study was performed comparing the SROM(Spinal Range Of Motion) of three types of system such as Rigid, Dynesys, and Fused system to analyze the behavior of spinal fixation system inserted in vertebra. Dynesys system, a flexible posterior stabilization system that provides an alternative to fusion, is designed to preserve inter-segmental kinematics and alleviate loading at the facet joints. In this study, SROM of inter-vertebra with spinal fixation system installed in the virtual vertebra from L4 to S1 is estimated. To compare with spinal fixation system, a simulation was performed by BRG. LifeMOD 2005.5.0 was used to create the human virtual model of spinal fixation system. Through this, each SROM of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation of human virtual model was measured. The result demonstrates that the movement of Dynesys system was similar to normal condition through allowing the movement of lumbar.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-25
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• 1995

Although the studies carried out in recent years have provied much new information about channel widths and alignment, they are not consistent in their results. In addition, as a result of variations in local condition and type of traffic accommodated, the dimensions of the channel widths vary over a wide range. Therefore, the recommendation made by the maritime engineering organizations over the world, do not offer detailed and decisive optimal design criteria and are all different. It, therefore, was attempted in this paper to draw a decisive guideline on the optimal widths and alignment of the navigational channels, which can be utilized by the port designers at the stage of the planning. The guideline was drawn through the comparison and analysis of the existing guidelines of the U.S.A, Japan and PIANC and simulation experiment. The simulation experiment was carried out using the "Off Line Port and Waterway Design Simulator" to find the optimal dimensions of the widths of the navigational channels. 90 different simulation runs were conducted at the 3 different secenario channels. New guidelines, the result of the study, is expected to be used usefully by the Korean port designers when designing the rapodly developing ports in Korea. in Korea.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.56.4-57
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• 2017

The Schwarzschild-Chang off-axis telescope is a "linear astigmatism-free" confocal system. The telescope comprises two pieces of aluminum-alloy freeform mirrors that are fabricated with diamond turning machine (DTM) process. We designed optomechanical structures where optical components in the telescope system can be adjustable on a linear stage. Optomechanical deformation caused by the weight of system itself and its temperature variation is analyzed by the finite element analysis (FEA). The results show that the deformation is estimated in the tolerance range. For the optic-axis alignment of telescope system, three-point alignment (TPA) method is chosen. The TPA method uses three parallel lasers and a plane mirror. Point source images were taken from collimated light and field observation. The performance of optical system was tested by point spread function and aberration measurement of the point sources.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.933-938
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• 2008

2,4-Di-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)benzylidenemalononitrile (3) was prepared and polymerized with terephthaloyl chloride and adipoyl chloride to yield novel Y-type polyesters 4 and 5 containing dioxybenzylidenemalononitrile groups as NLO-chromophores, which constituted parts of the polymer backbone. The resulting polymers 4 and 5 are soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. Polymers 4 and 5 showed thermal stability up to 300 ${^{\circ}C}$ in thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperatures obtained from differential scanning calorimetry in the range 83-94 ${^{\circ}C}$. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients ($d_{33}$) of poled polymer films at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength were around $6.48\;{\times}\;10^{-9}$ esu. The dipole alignment exhibited high thermal stability even at 10 ${^{\circ}C}$ higher than $T_g$ and no significant SHG decay was observed below 105 ${^{\circ}C}$ partially due to the main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2021

In a situation where Moore's law, which states that the performance of semiconductor integrated circuits doubles every two years, is showing a limit from a certain point, and it is difficult to increase the performance due to the limitations of exposure technology.In this study, a wafer hybrid method that can increase the degree of integration Various research on bonding technology is currently in progress. In this study, in order to achieve rotational precision between wafers in wafer hybrid bonding technology, modeling of θ_z alignment stage and VCM actuator modeling used for rotational alignment, magnetic field analysis and desgin, control, and evaluation are performed. The system of this study was controlled by VCM actuator, capactive sensor, and dspace, and the working range was ±7200 arcsec, and the in-position and resoultion were ±0.01 arcsec. The results of this study confirmed that safety and precise control are possible, and it is expected to be applied to the process to increase the integration.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.28.3-29
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• 2021

Galaxies are not just randomly distributed in space; instead, a variety of galaxy alignments have been found over a wide range of scales. Such alignments are the outcome of the combined effect of interacting neighbors and the surrounding large-scale structure. Here, we focus on the spin-orbit alignment (SOA) of galaxy pairs, the dynamical coherence between the spin of a target galaxy and the orbital angular momentum of its neighbor. Based on a recent cosmological hydrodynamic simulation, the IllustrisTNG project, we identify paired galaxies with mass ratios from 1/10 to 10 at z = 0 and statistically analyze their spin-orbit angle distribution. We find a clear preference for prograde orientations (i.e., SOA), which is more prominent for closer pairs. The SOA is stronger for less massive targets in lower-density regions. The SOA witnessed at z = 0 has been developed progressively since z = 2. There is a clear positive correlation between the alignment strength and the interaction duration with its current neighbor. Our results suggest the scenario in which the SOA is developed mainly by interactions with a neighbor for an extended period of time, rather than by the primordial torque exerted by the large-scale structure.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제14호
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• pp.367-388
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• 2007

경호요원들이 훌륭한 권총사격술을 하기 위해서는 여러 가지 중요한 요소들이 있겠지만 신속하고 정확한 사격을 위해서 가장 중요한 요소가 바로 조준방식을 어떻게 하느냐에 달렸다. 권총 사격 시 조준하는 시간이 상대적으로 많이 소요되기 때문에 조준방식에 변화를 주면 권총사격술에 많은 향상이 있으리라 예상된다. 하지만 우리나라 대부분의 국가기관 교육기관에서는 권총 사격 조준 시 가늠쇠, 가늠쇠를 교차 시켜 표적에 일치 시키는 기본적 조준 방식을 주로 가르친다. 즉 정지된 표적에 대한 조준 방식만 가르치는 것이다. 우리나라의 일부 기관이나 우리보다 총기의 사용빈도나 역사가 오래된 해외에서는 다른 조준방식들도 교육시키고 있다. 가늠쇠만 가지고 조준하는 방식과 지향조준방식을 대표적으로 교육시키는데 이 조준방법들은 대부분 움직이는 표적에 대하여 좋은 결과를 나타낼 것이라 판단되어지기 때문이다. 그 이유는 기본조준방식은 가늠쇠와 가늠자를 교차시켜 표적에 다시 일치시켜야 하는 단계에서 다른 조준방법보다 많은 시간이 소요될 것이기 때문에 다른 두 조준방식이 신속성과 정확성이 요구되는 현장에서 보다 좋은 결과를 나타낼 것이기 때문이다. 이에 국내 국가기관 중 권총사격에 익숙한 집단인 P국가기관요원들을 20명 선발하여 측정한 결과, 근거리인 5m에서는 지향조준방법이 가장 우수한 결과를 나타냈다. 또한 권총으로써 비교적 원거리인 15m에서는 정확성만 따지고 봤을 때는 기본조준방식이 가장 우수하였으나 통계적 결과분석을 비추어 볼 때 가장 우수한 조준방식은 지향 조준방식으로 판명되었다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2007

레이저 스캐닝 기법은 새로운 위치정보 획득 수단으로 부각되고 있으며, 높은 위치정확도, 고밀도 자료 취득의 자동화 등으로 지오매틱스 분야를 비롯한 광범위한 분야에서 응용될 전망이다. 본 연구에서는 레이저 스캐닝 기법의 장점을 이용하여 도로의 기하정보를 정확히 해석하고, 이를 실무에 활용할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. 도로선형정보 추출 시스템 개발을 위해, 도로 평면선형을 직선, 완화곡선, 원곡선 구간으로 자동 분리할 수 있는 알고리즘을 개발하였으며, 자동화되지 않은 이전의 방식에 비해 효율성을 높일 수 있었다. 그리고 도로의 평면 및 종단선형의 설계요소를 자동 추출하는 알고리즘을 개발하여 대상도로에 적용한 결과, 실용성이 높게 나타났으며, 도로선형 설계요소 추출에 관련한 기존 연구와 비교해 볼 때 더욱 정확한 값으로 결정되었다. 또한 추출된 설계요소를 이용하여 대상 도로에 대한 가상 주행 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 이를 통해 지형과 구조물이 3차원적으로 조화되는 시각적 판단 자료를 제공할 수 있었고, 계절에 따른 결빙구간 판단 및 입체시거를 해석할 수 있는 자료 제공이 가능하다. 향후 도로에 관련한 다양한 자료의 체계적인 데이터베이스 구축과 웹기반의 운영프로그램을 개발함으로써, 효율적인 도로 유지 관리가 가능할 뿐만 아니라, 앞으로 있을 도로안전진단에 있어서 중요한 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1449-1457
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• 1997

Since a non-nulling method of five-hole probes is valid only when the flow angle is within the calibrated angle range, it can not be used in a complex flow field. Full angle range pressure coefficient maps show that widely used nulling methods do not guarantee correct alignment of the probe with the flow direction in the unknown complex flow field. Zone decision method and features of zone map were studied by investigating the full angle range pressure coefficient maps. A reliable and efficient new nulling algorithm using zone decision by pressure ordering is proposed and verified. Since the zone decision method by pressure ordering can decide whether the flow is within the calibration angle range or not, it is useful in wide angle nonnulling methods, too.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of anterior walker and posterior walker on gait parameters and body alignment of children with cerebral palsy. The intraclass correlation coefficient was .99 for intertester reliability. Intratester reliability was between .96 and .99. The use of posterior walker increased gait velocity and facilitated more upright posture. The measurement of joint angle program was found to be reliable to measure range of motion. This study has a limitation of generalizing the results to all children with cerebral palsy. Research is required to investigate the effect of posterior walker on energy efficiency.