• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.116-123
• /
• 2013

This paper represents generation of time-varying underwater acoustic channels by performing scattering simulation with time-varying ocean surface and Kirchhoff approximation. In order to estimate the time-varying ocean surface, 1D Pierson-Moskowitz ocean power spectrum and Gaussian correlation function were used. The computed scattering coefficients are applied to the amplitudes of each impulse of BELLHOP simulation result. The scattering coefficients are then compared with measured doppler spectral density of signal components which were scattered from ocean surface and the correlation time used in the Gaussian correlation function was estimated by the comparison. Finally, bit-error-rate and channel correlation simulations were performed with the generated time-varying channel based on passive time-reversal communication scenario.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
• /
• v.35S no.10
• /
• pp.135-143
• /
• 1998

Several equalizers are applied to the DVD-ROM(Digital Versatile Disc-Read Only Memory) system. Because imperfect writing process may cause nonlinear distortion in the reply signal, neural equalizers which have strong nonlinear mapping capability are applied to the system to compensate the nonlinear distortion. Experimental results to verify that the combination of decision-feedback type equalizers and modulation code is formidable are also given. The experimental results shwo that the SNR gain of the neural equalizers over the conventional equalizers becomes much as the nonlinearity in the channel increases. Furthermore, the decision-feedback type equalizers outperform the equalizers which have no decision-feedback in eliminating ISI(Intersymbol Interference) of random data sequence but there is no performance gain of the decision-feedback type equalizers over the equalizers without decision-feedback when these are applied to compensate the ISI of modulation-encoded data sequence.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 2007

Changeable biometrics has been developed as a solution to problem of enhancing security and privacy. The idea is to transform a biometric signal or feature into a new one for the purposes of enrollment and matching. In this paper, we propose a changeable biometric system that can be applied to appearance based face recognition system. In the first step when using feature extraction, ICA(Independent Component Analysis) coefficient vectors extracted from an input face image are replaced randomly using their mean and variation. The transformed vectors by replacement are scrambled randomly and a new transformed face coefficient vector (transformed template) is generated by combination of the two transformed vectors. When this transformed template is compromised, it is replaced with new random numbers and a new scrambling rule. Because e transformed template is generated by e addition of two vectors, e original ICA coefficients could not be easily recovered from the transformed coefficients.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.27 no.12
• /
• pp.1075-1083
• /
• 2016

Nowadays, the use of wireless input devices has been increasing on the basis of high convenience and portability. In particular the most widely used wireless keyboard and the mouse to use the 2.4 GHz frequency band, but due to the third party receives the electromagnetic wave from leaking when the radio equipment it is easy to obtain the personal information and the vulnerability is also being reported consistently. In this paper, implement a system to analyze and manipulate the packets of 2.4 GHz wireless keyboard and mouse using USRP device and GNU Radio package for verify the vulnerability of 2.4 GHz wireless keyboard and mouse. Using the construction system has attained a equipment specific address and key information by analyzing the communication protocol and the packet structure of the device was proved that a user can operate the PC to send the random key from long distance.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.383-397
• /
• 2013

In this paper, the sensitivity of massive antenna arrays and digital beamforming to radio frequency (RF) chain in-phase quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalance is studied and analyzed. The analysis shows that massive antenna arrays are increasingly sensitive to such RF chain imperfections, corrupting heavily the radiation pattern and beamforming capabilities. Motivated by this, novel RF-aware digital beamforming methods are then developed for automatically suppressing the unwanted effects of the RF I/Q imbalance without separate calibration loops in all individual receiver branches. More specifically, the paper covers closed-form analysis for signal processing properties as well as the associated radiation and beamforming properties of massive antenna arrays under both systematic and random RF I/Q imbalances. All analysis and derivations in this paper assume ideal signals to be circular. The well-known minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer and a widely-linear (WL) extension of it, called WL-MVDR, are analyzed in detail from the RF imperfection perspective, in terms of interference attenuation and beamsteering. The optimum RF-aware WL-MVDR beamforming solution is formulated and shown to efficiently suppress the RF imperfections. Based on the obtained results, the developed solutions and in particular the RF-aware WL-MVDR method can provide efficient beamsteering and interference suppressing characteristics, despite of the imperfections in the RF circuits. This is seen critical especially in the massive antenna array context where the cost-efficiency of individual RF chains is emphasized.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2012

A new BIST(Built-In Self-Test) scheme to test ADC(Analog-to-Digital Converter) with a transition detector is proposed. The proposed BIST is able to replaces histogram method, the most popular approach in static testing of ADC. With a ramp signal as an input test stimulus, the proposed BIST calculates ADC's static parameters such as offset, gain, INL(Integral Non-Linearity) and DNL(Differential Non-Linearity). The three detectors in the proposed BIST can deal with a transient zone problem, a phenomenon due to random noise in real test environments and are cost efficient at various acceptable ranges determined as a test spec. The simulation results validate that our method performs accurate static test and show the reduction of the hardware overhead.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.735-738
• /
• 2005

The phase error in the digital transmission system are generated by random phase noise and tracking phase error due to doppler phenomenon. In the mobile satellite communication system that generates the doppler frequency, which is a system with a movement, the proper system phase noise spectrum should be designed based on analyses for phase noise and static phase error effects. Based on the analyses of the doppler frequency and the phase error for bilateral satellite communication system providing an asynchronous service, the phase noise spectrums for the mobile satellite communication are designed in this paper. Also, the available transmission services under the less doppler effect are proposed and the proper signal source units for a required transmission system can be designed under the proposed system phase noise spectrum.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.712-720
• /
• 1994

In digital mobile communication systems, the convolutional coding is considered as the optimum error correcting scheme. Recently, the Viterbi algorithm is widely used for the decoding of convolutional code. Most Viterbi decoder has been proposed in conde rate R=1/2 or 2/3 with memory components (m) less than 3. which degrades the error correcting capability because of small code constraints (K). We consider the design method for typical code rate R=1/2, K=7(171,133) convolutional code with memory components, m=6. In this paper, a novel construction method is presented which combines maximum likelihood decoding with a state transition double detection and comparison method. And the designed circuit has the error-correcting capability of random 2 bit error. As the results of logic simulation, it is shown that the proposed Viterbi decoder exactly corrects 1 bit and 2 bit error signal.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.7 no.10
• /
• pp.3290-3299
• /
• 2000

Digital watermarking has similar concepts with channel coding thechnique for transferring data with minimizing error in noise environment, since it should be robust to various kinds of data manipulation for protecting copyrights of multimedia data. This paper proposes a digital watermarking technique which is robust to various kinds of data manipulation. Intellectual property rights information is encoded using a convolutional code, and block-interleaving technique is applied to prevent successive loss of encoded data. Encoded intelloctual property rithts informationis embedded using spread spectrum technique which is robust to cata manipulation. In order to reconstruct intellectual property rights information, watermark signalis detected by covariance between watermarked image and pseudo rando noise sequence which is used to einbed watermark. Embedded intellectual property rights information is obtaned by de-interleaving and cecoding previously detected wtermark signal. Experimental results show that block interleaving watermarking technique can detect embedded intellectial property right informationmore correctly against to attacks like Gaussian noise additon, filtering, and JPEG compression than general spread spectrum technique in the same PSNR.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.81-97
• /
• 2003

In this paper, we suggest a method of robust watermarking for protection of multimedia data using the wavelet transform and artificial neural network. for the purpose of implementation, we decompose a original image using wavelet transform at level 3. After we classify transformed coefficients of other subbands using neural network except fur the lowest subband LL$_3$, we apply a calculated threshold about chosen cluster as the biggest. We used binary logo watermarks to make sure that it is true or not on behalf of the Gaussian Random Vector. Besides, we tested a method of dual watermark insertion and extraction. For the purpose of implementation, we decompose a original image using wavelet transform at level 3. After we classify transformed coefficients of other subbands using neural network except for the lowest subband LL$_3$, we apply a above mentioned watermark insert method. In the experimental results, we found that it has a good quality and robust about many attacks.