• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.51-69
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• 2009

A network model and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed to solve the simultaneous estimation of the trip distribution and traffic assignment from traffic counts in the congested networks in a logit-based Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE). The model is formulated as a problem of minimizing a non-linear objective function with the linear constraints. In the model, the flow-conservation constraints are utilized to restrict the solution space and to force the link flows become consistent to the traffic counts. The objective of the model is to minimize the discrepancies between two sets of link flows. One is the set of link flows satisfying the constraints of flow-conservation, trip production from origin, trip attraction to destination and traffic counts at observed links. The other is the set of link flows those are estimated through the trip distribution and traffic assignment using the path flow estimator in the logit-based SUE. In the proposed GA, a chromosome is defined as a real vector representing a set of Origin-Destination Matrix (ODM), link flows and route-choice dispersion coefficient. Each chromosome is evaluated by the corresponding discrepancies. The population of the chromosome is evolved by the concurrent simplex crossover and random mutation. To maintain the feasibility of solutions, a bounded vector shipment technique is used during the crossover and mutation.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2009

The main aim of the paper is to provide an empirical analysis on patient satisfaction as an indicator of service quality in Malaysian public hospitals. Self-administered questionnaires were administered to patients by convenience sampling. Two sets of questionnaires were used, one for inpatient and another one set for outpatient. Selection of hospitals was made according to states in Peninsular Malaysia. 23 hospitals covering all state level hospitals, the National Referral Centre and selected district hospitals were chosen as respondent hospitals. Two dimensions of service quality emerged, namely clinical and physical dimension of service. Both outpatient and inpatient were found to be more satisfied with clinical dimension of service than physical dimension. For outpatient satisfaction, there was positive correlation between waiting time and patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction was also found to be higher in the smaller district hospitals than in the larger state hospitals. For clinical dimension of service, patients were satisfied with the services of doctors and nurses, while for physical dimension of service, patients were satisfied with the cleanliness of the facilities. The ability of the research to be conducted by random sampling was inhibited by the reluctance of patients to cooperate, which led to the use of convenience sampling. Studies have also shown that patients are reluctant to express their feelings on services provided by their caregivers. The study provides primary data for a nationwide study on patient satisfaction in Malaysian public hospitals, for both inpatient and outpatient.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권12A호
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• pp.2008-2014
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• 1999

IDDQ 테스팅은 CMOS 회로에서 발생되는 여러 종류의 물리적 결함을 효율적으로 검출하는 테스팅 방식이다. 본 논문에서는 테스트 대상회로의 게이트내부에서 발생하는 단락을 고려하여, 이 결함을 검출하기 위한 테스트 패턴을 찾아 주는 IDDQ 테스트 패턴 발생기를 구현하였다. 테스트 패턴을 생성하기 위해 게이트 종류별로 모든 내부 단락을 검출하는 게이트 테스트 벡터를 찾아냈다. 그리고 10,000개의 무작위패턴을 테스트대상 회로에 인가하여 각 게이트에서 요구되는 테스트 벡터를 발생시켜 주면 유용한 테스트 패턴으로 저장한다. 입력된 패턴들이 모든 게이트 테스트 벡터를 발생시켜 주거나 10,000개의 패턴을 모두 인가했을 경우 테스트 패턴 발생 절차를 종료한다. ISCAS '85 벤처마크 회로에 대한 실험을 통하여 기존의 다른 방식보다 성능이 우수함을 보여주었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2016

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of canker in kiwifruit, can be divided into three biovars (biovars 1, 2, and 3). Strains belonging to biovar 1 produce phaseolotoxin and were isolated in Japan and Italy before 2008. Strains of biovar 2 produce coronatine instead of phaseolotoxin and have been isolated only in Korea. Strains belonging to biovar 3 produce neither phaseolotoxin nor coronatine and are responsible for the global outbreak of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in recent years. The biovar 3-specific primer set was developed in a previous work. In this study, two sets of PCR primers specific to strains of biovars 1 and 2, respectively, were developed based on random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses. Primers PsaJ-F and PsaJ-R produced a 481-bp region with genomic DNA of biovar 1 strains, whereas primers PsaK-F and PsaK-R amplified a 413-bp region present only in the genome of biovar 2 strains.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the overflow effect and cross training effect of isometric quadriceps training that performed in specific angle of unilateral let. Ten healthy students with an average age of 24 years$(24.1\pm1.3)$, were participated in this study. Then 5 subjects in each group were chosen at random to train using only right quadriceps muscle two time per day(group 2), five times a week and the other 5 subjects(group 1) were chosen to train one times per day, five times a week for 2 weeks at only 50 degrees (contract 6 seconds, rest 10 seconds, 3 sets). Before and after the training, isometric quadriceps muscle testing of the both leg was Performed at three different angles, 60, 50 and 40 degrees respectively by BHN-COM (isokinetic dynamometer) in sitting position. The data was analyzed with paired t-test to determine significant difference between before and after training. In this study, we have found that the isometric quadriceps muscle training on specific angle of right side produced overflow effect In healthy subjects. However, increasing the peak torque of specific angle(training angle) of trained limb did not have an effect on increasing the peak torque of contralateral limb. These results demonstrate that the cross training effect did nut found in this study but a alight increase of peak torque of the untrained limb would recognized the possibility of cross training effect.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2015년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.1388-1389
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• 2015

Electropulsegraphy is a medical device that was invented by an orient medical physician and a few engineers to help the physicians to diagnose patients in more systematic way by analyzing waveforms generated from the device. Data generated form the device has been collected for over several decades, and undergoes functional upgrades today. The device generates 33 waveforms that reflect the states of patients. As one of those upgrading efforts, we strive to develop an intelligent algorithm that makes the diagnostic process automatically, which was previously done manually for a long period of time. The logistic regression algorithm is used for our classification problems, which is one of those well-known algorithms for various classification problems such as character recognition systems. Out of the 33 waveforms, we only use 5 waveform data (Type1 toType5) as training data sets to estimate the parameters of the logistic regression. And the parameters are used to classify waveform inputs chosen at random.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1739-1745
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• 2019

Background: There have been many studies on self-myofascial release (SMR) stretching, but there are few comparative studies on the effects of massages using a release ball, which is a type of the SMR method. Objective: To investigate the immediate effects of release ball massage and self-stretching on proprioceptive sensory, hamstring's temperature, range of motion (ROM) muscle strength,. Design: Crossover study. Methods: Thirty women in 20's at S University in Busan voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were random to release ball group (n=15) or self-stretching group (n=15). Both groups performed 3 sets of exercises, stretching for 30 seconds and resting for 15 seconds in each position. The proprioceptive sensory, temperature of the hamstring muscle, ROM, and strength were measured before exercise, 5 minutes after exercise, and 30 minutes after exercise. Results: Release ball group showed significant differences in muscle length and temperature over time (p<.05). The comparison between two group over time showed significant differences in muscle length, temperature, and muscle strength (p<.05). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that release ball massage and self-stretching are beneficial for improving hamstring's temperature, ROM and muscle strength.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.391-422
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• 2014

The high frequency force balance (HFFB) technique provides convenient measurements of integrated forces on rigid building models in terms of base bending moments and torque and/or base shear forces. These base moments or forces are then used to approximately estimate the generalized forces of building fundamental modes with mode shape corrections. This paper presents an analysis framework for coupled dynamic response of tall buildings with HFFB technique. The empirical mode shape corrections for generalized forces with coupled mode shapes are validated using measurements of synchronous pressures on a square building surface from a wind tunnel. An alternative approach for estimating the mean and background response components directly using HFFB measurements without mode shape corrections is introduced with a discussion on higher mode contributions. The uncertainty in the mode shape corrections and its influence on predicted responses of buildings with both uncoupled and coupled modal shapes are examined. Furthermore, this paper presents a comparison of aerodynamic base moment spectra with available data sets for various tall building configurations. Finally, e-technology aspects in conjunction with HFFB technique such as web-based on-line analysis framework for buildings with uncoupled mode shapes used in NALD (NatHaz Aerodynamic Loads Database) is discussed, which facilitates the use of HFFB data for preliminary design stages of tall buildings subject to wind loads.

• 태양에너지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

Wind turbine system converts wind energy into electric energy. Since the velocity of wind is random in nature, control of the angular velocity of the blade is necessary in order to generate high quality electric power. The control of a blade can be divided into a stall regulation and a pitch control types. The stall regulation type which is based on the characteristics of an aerodynamic stall of the blades is simple and cheap, but it suffers from fluctuation of the resulting power. Or the contrary, pitch control type is based on the fact that the torque of the blade can be changed by varying the pitch angle of the blade. It is mechanically and mathematically complicated, but the control performance is better than that of the stall regulation type. This paper suggests a method of denying a mathematical modeling of the wind turbine system, and develops a speed control algorithm by pitch control. The validity of the algorithm is demonstrated with the results produced through sets of simulation.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2000

Species boundaries among the Alcyonacean soft coral, the genus Dendronephthya, are often obscured by inter- and intraspecific morphological variations. In the present study, we attempted to infer the genetic relationships of eight dendronephthians based on their molecular characters, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA, and then compared this result together with the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data from our previous investigation. Dendronephthya. putteri and D. suensoni formed a divaricate form - VI grade specific clade, whereas D. castanea, D. gigantea, D. aurea and D. spinifera, formed a umbellate and glomerate form - IV and III grade specific clade. Therefore, we confirmed that the main characters the growth form and the anthocodial grade and formula, are important in identification of the species in dendronephthians despite some problems. Also, the relationships of the growth form are clarified as the glomerate form is much closer to the umbellate form than to the divaricate form based on two sets of independent molecular data. However, we cannot determine the molecular markers which limit the species boundaries among this genus with ITS sequences.