• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.227-245
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• 2013

This study used the third wave of individual data of KReIs(Korean Retirement and Income Study) because the third wave of data only had the necessary variables which fit into this study. The data was collected in 2010 using national random sampling. The target population was adults who are older than 65 and the sample size of this study was 4,080. The factors of successful aging were compared by the recognition of old age (group (1): people who recognize they are not older adults(n=620); group (2): people who recognize they are older adults(n=3,460)). For comparison of each variable by the recognition of old age, t-test, chi-square test and ANCOVA were used depending on the types of variables. To test the effect on the life satisfaction of the factors of successful aging, hierarchical regressions were used for each group. 1) Except for the number of leisure activities, older adults who recognized they were not old(group (1)) had a higher level of factors composing of successful aging than older adults who recognized they were old(group (2)). 2) For group (1), age did not affect their life satisfaction in a statistically significant level, but for group (2) age negatively affected their life satisfaction. 3) The results indicated that cognitive and physical functioning were more important than avoiding disease and disability. 4) For group (2), IADL affected life satisfaction positively in a statistically significant level, but for group (1), IADL did not affect life satisfaction. 5) For group(2), whether they had a job or not affected the life satisfaction differently.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 2011

This paper is brought to carry out an empirical study whether evolution process of venture firm's scale is following the Gibrat's law; random evolution process, or Pareto law; self-organizing process. The empirical test, as attaching theoretical explanation, of this research utilize the serial data samples of 92 KOSDAQ listed companies from the year of 2005 through 2008. Summarizing the research results are as followed. First, Gini Coefficients representing the density of venture firm's scale has been constantly reduced since the year of 2005 in terms of number of employee, while these index increased during the same time period from the perspective of sales volume. Second, the evolution process of Korea venture firm's scale is following the Power Law related to Pareto Law. In particular, estimated Pareto coefficient, ${\alpha}$, is shown lower than 1 which is significant result. Third, the probability of joining in the top tier group of firm starting from the early stage growing is forecasted into 6.9%, the result which emphasize the starting scale of venture firm play an important role in long term evolution of venture firm.

• Composites Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

Low-speed impact was localized on a stiffened composite structure, using 4 FBG sensors with 100 kHz-sampling rate interrogator and devised localization algorithm. The composite specimen consists of a main spar and several stringers, and the overall size of the specimen's surface is about $0.8{\times}1.2m$. Pre-stored reference data for 247 grid locations and 36 stiffener locations are gathered and used as comparison target for a random impact signal. The proposed algorithm uses the normalized cross-correlation method to compare the similarities of the two signals; the correlation results for each sensor's signal are multiplied by others, enabling mutual compensation. 20 verification points were successfully localized with a maximum error of 43.4 mm and an average error of 17.0 mm. For the same experimental setup, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated by reducing the number of sensors. It is revealed that the mutual compensation between the sensors is most effective in the case of a two sensor combination. For the sensor combination of FBG #1 and #2, the maximum localization error was 42.5 mm, with average error of 17.4 mm.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1998

The mapping of the spin-spin relaxation time T2 in pixel-by-pixel was suggested as a quantitative diagnostic tool in medicine. although the CPMG pulse sequence has been known to be the best pulse sequence for T2 measurement in physics NMR, the supplied pulse sequence by the manufacture of MRI system was able to obtain the maximum of 4 CPMG images. Eight or more images with different echo time TEs are required to construct a reliable T2 map, so that two or more acquisitions were required, which easily took more than 10 minutes. 4-echo CPMG imaging pulse sequence was modified to generate the maximum of 8 MR images with evenly spaced echo time TEs. In human MR imaging, since patients tend to move at least several pixels between the different acquisitions, 8-echo CPMG imaging sequence reduces the acquisition time and may remove any mis-regitration of each pixels signal for the fitting of T2. The resultant T2 maps using the theoretically simulated images and using the MR images of the human brain suggested that 8 echo CPMG sequence with short echo spacing such as 17-20 msec can give the reliable T2 map.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

In wireless mesh networks (WMNs), the end-to-end throughput of a flow decreases drastically according to the traversed number of hops due to interference among different hops of the same flow in addition to interference between hops of different flows with different paths. This paper proposes a distributed multi-channel assignment scheme based on hops (DMASH) to improve the performance of a static WMN. The proposed DMASH is a novel distributed multi-channel assignment scheme based on hops to enhance the end-to-end throughput by reducing interference between channels when transmitting packets in the IEEE 802.11 based multi-interface environments. The DMASH assigns a channel group to each hop, which has no interference between adjacent hops from a gateway in channel assignment phase, then each node selects its channel randomly among the channel group. Since the DMASH is a distributed scheme with unmanaged and auto-configuration of channel assignment, it has a less overhead and implementation complexity in algorithm than centralized multi-channel assignment schemes. Simulation results using the NS-2 showed that the DMASH could improve remarkably the total network throughput in multi-hop environments, comparing with a random channel assignment scheme.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.101-122
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• 1994

This paper is one of the sequels from 'A Survey of Villages and Dwellings of Korean Immigrants in the North-Eastern Part of China'. It is the result of the extensive survey of Ch'ang-ts'ai-tsun village and covers several architectural characteristics of the dwellings. This paper alma to identify the 'double file' dwelling type, which is believed as one of the main stream of Korean folk dwelling. In this type, 'Chung-ju-kan' forms the central open space, where main household functions are carried out. This type originates from climatic reasons and functional reasons as well. This paper also aims to clarify how the dwelling forms are changed according to the life styles of various periods. The Korean immigrants in this village have experienced rapid changes in modern times like other Chinese. Through various political movements, the original dwelling type of this village has changed to adapt various needs and functions, which shows the simple truth : dwelling form changes according to the changes of life style and social structure. In this paper the directions of chimney through various periods are analyzed to verify the differences of the house layout methods and concepts of the time. The village had grown through 3 main periods before liberation period(1946), communization period(1946 - 1966) and contemporary period (1967 - ). It is concluded as follows: 1. The village was originated in late 19th century along the east-west street, which was a major routes of Korean Immigrants to China. In this area there was no regularity in its site plan. The direction of chimney, which was usually westward, was not determined according to the location of gate. This type was kept until liberization of this area, 1946. The plans of dwellings followed Ham-kyong-do 'double file' dwelling type, '6-kan dwelling' or '8-kan dwelling'. 2. The 'New Village' area, which was formed in the communization period, has a strict regularity in its site plan. The direction of chimney was determined as opposite direction of the gate. This method was maintained until 1976, when Mao died and new 'open' policy was held by Chinese government. In this area the 'dwelling house' plan type was not changed, but its layout and size were restricted. The general form of the dwelling in this village was shaped in this period. 3. The contemporary dwellings were built in random site location. The dwelling type was changed because of the reduction of family size and the permissin of private ownership. The number of rooms was reduced but the storage rooms and domestic animal hutches were added. But the 'Chung-ju-kan', the major chacteristics of north-eastern Korea dwelling is still kept. It becomes one large 'Chtin-ju-kan' room like 'open plan' type.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.156-162
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• 2010

When eccentric or inclined load acts on foundation of the port & harbor structures, partial safety factors of bearing capacity limit state were estimated using reliability analysis. Current Korean technical standards of port and harbor structures recommend to estimate the geotechnical bearing capacity using the simplified Bishop method. In practice, however, simple method of comparing ground reaction resistance with allowable bearing capacity has been mostly used by design engineers. While the simple method gives just one number fixed but somewhat convenient, it could not consider the uncertainty of soil properties depending on site by site. Thus, in this paper, partial safety factors for each design variable were determined so that designers do perform reliability-based level 1 design for bearing capacity limit state. For these, reliability index and their sensitivities were gained throughout the first order reliability method(FORM), and the variability of the random variables was also considered. In order to verify partial safety factors determined here, a comparison with foreign design codes was carried out and were found to be reasonable in practical design.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 2003

Genetic variation in field grown Korean ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer) was evaluated using random amplified polymorphic(RAPD) markers. (This experiment was carried to collect the local native from farm of Chungnam National University in Korea in order to investigate genetic variation.) Some morphological characters showed considerable variation ranging 22 to 68cm in plant hight, 10 to 38mm in root diameter, 16 to 86g in root weight, and culum color and flowering date, respectively. Ten RAPD primers out of the 32 which produced reproducible bands in 662 Korean ginseng plants were selected for the further study. The total number of bands generated by 10 primers were 108 and among them 103 were polymorphic among the 662 plants with the polymorphism ratio of 94.5％. A total of 662 plants were classified into 16 groups based on polymorphic data with an URP 05 primer.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.6 s.86
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• pp.756-761
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• 2007

Cenus Malus is a long-lived woody species primarily distributed throughout Asia. Many species of this genus are regarded as agriculturally and ecologically important. The phynetics and genetic diversity among eight species of genus Malus were reconstructed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. In a simple measure of intraspecies variability by the percentage of polymorphic bands, the M. micromalus exhibited the lowest variation (34.7%). The M. pumila showed the highest (50.0%). Mean number of alleles per locus (A) ranged from 1.347 to 1.500 with a mean of 1.437. The phenotypic frequency of each band was calculated and used in estimating genetic diversify (H) within species. The mean of H was 0.190 across species, varying from 0.155 to 0.220. In particular, two cultivated species, M. pumila and M. asiatica, had high expected diversity, 0.314 and 0.307, respectively. On a per locus basis, the proportion of total genetic variation due to differences among species ranged from 0.388 to 0.472 with a mean of 0.423, indicating that 42.3% of the total variation was found among species. The phylogenetic tree showed three distinct elates. One includes M. sieversii, M. pumila, and M. asiatica. Another includes three M. baccata taxa. The other includes M. sieboldii, M. floribunsa, and M. micromalus. One variety and one form of M. sieboldii were well separated each other. RAPD markers are useful in germ-plasm classification of genus Malus and evolutionary studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.791-796
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• 2007

As large-scale buildings, skyscrapers, and multi-purpose buildings recently increase in numbers dramatically, the internal space of such buildings becomes more and more large and complicated accordingly. Since such structures usually accommodate a number of random people, the potential possibilities of disastrous tragedies are high, and the rates of injury and physical damage caused by the complicated system of the building also increase as well. However, most of the shelter designs of the existing buildings are based on the specifications according to the assigned laws and involved regulations. In this case, only general criteria are referred to regardless of the characteristics of each structure while other disaster-related features are not taken into consideration sufficiently. Since any actual fire may cause a terrible calamity, in such plans, shelter inducement can be neither safe nor effective. Thus, this study examines and analyzes currently run disaster prevention systems and shelter inducement facilities with COEX Mall as its subject, and analyzes the responding system to each situation based on the fire scenarios by means of As-Is Model. Through this analysis, presented are the measures to solve the problems of current disaster prevention systems and to improve shelter inducement methods effectively.