• 한국광학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2014

일련의 국부영역으로부터 이차미분값을 획득하여 전체 형상을 복원하는 측정법을 제안하였다. 측정시 기울기가 제거된 국부형상에 대해 곡률과 이차미분이 동일시 되는 점을 이용하여, 3개의 이차미분값으로부터 직교하는 2방향을 따라 3차원형상을 복원할 수 있는 알고리즘을 구현하였다. 임의로 발생시킨 Zernike다항식의 계수로 자유곡면형상을 생성시키고, 구현된 알고리즘을 적용함으로써 검증과정을 수행하였다. 적용한 결과 최대 0.8 mm Sag를 갖는 직경 200 mm영역의 자유곡면형상에 대해 RMS 19 nm 형상복원오차를 갖고 복원됨을 확인하였다. 측정오차에 대한 복원오차 민감도를 진단하기 위해 SNR(Signal-to-Noise Ratio) 16의 가우시언 랜덤 노이즈를 부여한 후, 복원되는 형상의 오차를 진단한 결과, 197 nm의 형상복원오차가 발생함을 확인하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.41-43
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• 1999

Among the feffoelectric thin films that have been widely investigated for ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) applications, SrBi$_2$Ta$_2$$O_{9}$ thin film is appropriate to memory capacitor materials for its excellent fatigue endurance. However, very few studies on etch properties of SBT thin film have been reported although dry etching is an area that demands a great deal of attention in the very large scale integrations. In this study, the a SrBi$_2$Ta$_2$$O_{9}$ thin films were etched by using magnetically enhanced inductively coupled Ar/CHF$_3$ plasma. Etch properties, such as etch rate, selectivity, and etched profile, were measured according to gas mixing ratio of CHF$_3$(Ar$_{7}$+CHF$_3$) and the other process conditions were fixed at RF power of 600 W, dc bias voltage of 150 V, chamber pressure of 10 mTorr. Maximum etch rate of SBT thin films was 1750 A77in, under CHF$_3$(Ar+CHF$_3$) of 0.1. The selectivities of SBT to Pt and PR were 1.35 and 0.94 respectively. The chemical reaction of etched surface were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The Sr and Ta atoms of SBT film react with fluorine and then Sr-F and Ta-F were removed by the physical sputtering of Ar ion. The surface of etched SBT film with CHF$_3$(Ar+CHF$_3$) of 0.1 was analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for examination of etched profile of SBT film under CHF$_3$(Ar+CHF$_3$) of 0.1 was about 85˚.85˚.˚.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.64-72
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• 1989

본 논문에서는 전단류를 받는 marine riser의 와류유기진동 예측모델을 제시하였다. 여기서는 marine riser를 인장력이 길이에 따라 변하는 보로 모델링하고, 섭동법으로 구해진 Green's function과 random vibration 이론에 의하여 예측모델을 구성하였다. 여기서 제시된 예측모델을 실제의 riser에 대하여 적용해 본 결과, riser는 전단류 내에서 유 무한 경계의 거동 특징을 동시에 갖는 중간적인 거동을 하며, riser의 길이에 따라 진동응답크기의 분포가 흐름의 유속분포와 비슷한 형태를 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, marine riser를 길이에 따라 변하는 인장력을 받는 보로 모델링한 경우와, 그것을 평균한 균일한 인장력을 받는 보로 모델링한 경우에 대하여 해석한 진동응답을 비교한 결과, 균일인장력을 받는 보로 모델링한 경우가 riser의 수면근처에서 실제보다 큰 예측치를 주고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.579-607
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• 2015

A Combination Random Flow Generation (CRFG) technique for obtaining the fluctuating inflow boundary conditions for Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is proposed. The CRFG technique was developed by combining the typical RFG technique with a novel calculation of k and ${\varepsilon}$ to estimate the length- and time-scales (l, ${\tau}$) of the target fluctuating turbulence field used as the inflow boundary conditions. Through comparatively analyzing the CRFG technique and other existing numerical/experimental results, the CRFG technique was verified for the generation of turbulent wind velocity fields with prescribed turbulent statistics. Using the turbulent velocity fluctuations generated by the CRFG technique, a series of LESs were conducted to investigate the wind flow around S-, R-, L- and U-shaped building models. As the pressures of the models were also measured in wind tunnel tests, the validity of the LES, and the effectiveness of the inflow boundary generated by the CRFG techniques were evaluated through comparing the simulation results to the wind tunnel measurements. The comparison showed that the LES accurately and reliably simulates the wind-induced pressure distributions on the building surfaces, which indirectly validates the CRFG technique in generating realistic fluctuating wind velocities for use in the LES. In addition to the pressure distribution, the LES results were investigated in terms of wind velocity profiles around the building models to reveal the wind flow dynamics around bluff bodies. The LES results quantitatively showed the decay of the bluff body influence when the flow moves away from the building model.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.224-233
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to (a) examine the users' characteristics of both government-dominant and non-governmental food bank programs, (b) understand the supporting quality of the food bank program, and (c) analyse the effectiveness of the programs from the users' perspectives. The random samples of 120 food bank operators were selected by proportionate stratified random sampling method and from each food bank, 3 users were selected for the survey. A total of 205 users were participated in this survey. The main results of this study were as follows; Average profile of food bank users were 58 year old, female, livelihood protectee ($56.6\%$). Food assistance frequency were mostly once a week ($34.1\%$), and everyday ($22.4\%$). The survey also showed that non-governmental food banks delivered the food directly to the $42.7\%$ of users, otherwise the users of government-dominant ones went to the food bank to receive the foods. Most of the donated foods were cooked food ($50.0\%$), and the users also wanted to receive that kinds of food. Saving food expenses ($55.6\%$) and overcoming hunger ($16.6\%$) were found as the effectiveness to the users.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.76-79
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• 2005

Magnetic random access memory(MRAM) 소자재료로 사용되고 있는 NiFe, NiFeCo, Ta 등의 박막을 $Cl_2/Ar$ 유도 결합 플라즈마를 이용하여 식각하였다. NiFe와 NiFeCo의 식각 속도는 특정 ICP 공급 전력에서 최대값을 나타냈지만, Ta의 식각 속도는 ICP 공급 전력이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. RF 하부전극 전력이 증가하면서 자성박막의 식각 속도는 증가하였지만, 공정압력과 $Cl_2$의 농도가 증가함에 따라 점진적으로 감소하였다. 식각 후에 염소에 의한 표면 부식을 방지하기 위해 이온수로 5분간 세척하였다. 식각 프로파일은 $Cl_2$ 농도가 50%일 경우에 식각 단면에 식각 잔유물들이 존재하지 않는 부드러운 단면을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.280-288
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• 2017

Purpose: PBA buried in underwater requires high reliability because of its mission critical characteristic and harsh operational environment during its life cycle. Therefore, various reliability improvement activities are necessary. The defect on PBA manufacturing process have been studied, as a result, many activities and standards have been presented. However, there are less studies regarding failure pattern on physical features based on design. In this paper, we studied a possible failure patten based on physical features that is related with manufacturing process of PBA. And reliability improvement design based on PoF (Physical of Failure) were intruduced in this paper. Methods: A reliability prediction simulation were performed on the components A and B of the H system using Sherlock Software which is a PoF commercial tool from DFR solution. Solder fatigue and PTH fatigue analysis based on thermal cycling profiles and random vibration was analyzed on three earthquake response spectrum. Result: It was validated that life time and reliability improvement design through solder fatigue and PTH fatigue analysis in case of component. For compoenet B, random vibration fatigue was additionally analyzed and validated reliability for earthquakes profile. Conclusion: In design stage prior to manufacturing, PoF can be analyzed, and it is possible to make a reliability improvement/validated design using design data. This study can be applied in every design step and contribute to make more stable development product.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.87-142
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• 2022

An analysis for the computation of Fatigue Damage Index (FDI) under the effects of the various combination of the ocean loads like random waves, current, platform motion and VIV (Vortex Induced Vibration) for a certain design water depth is a critically important part of the analysis and design of the marine riser platform integrated system. Herein, a 'Computer Simulation Model (CSM)' is developed to combine the advantages of the frequency domain and time domain. A case study considering a steel catenary riser operating in 1000 m water depth has been conducted with semi-submersible. The riser is subjected to extreme environmental conditions and static and dynamic response analyses are performed and the Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) of the offshore platform are computed with the frequency domain solution. Later the frequency domain results are integrated with time domain analysis system for the dynamic analysis in time domain. After that an extensive post processing is done to compute the FDI of the marine riser. In the present paper importance is given to the nature of the current profile and the VIV. At the end we have reported the detail results of the FDI comparison with VIV and without VIV under the linear current velocity and the FDI comparison with linear and power law current velocity with and without VIV. We have also reported the design recommendations for the marine riser in the regions where the higher fatigue damage is observed and the proposed CSM is implemented in industrially used standard soft solution systems (i.e., OrcaFlex^*TM and Ansys AQWA^**TM), Ms-Excel^***TM, and C++ programming language using its object oriented features.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2023

Sustainable energy supplies without the recharging and replacement of the charge storage device have become increasingly important. Among various energy harvesters, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has attracted considerable attention due to its high instantaneous output power, broad selection of available materials, eco-friendly and inexpensive fabrication process, and various working modes customized for target applications. In this study, the amount of voltage and current generated was measured by applying the PSD profile random vibration test of the electronic vibration tester and ISTA 3A according to the time of Anodized Aluminum Oxide (AAO) pore widening of the manufactured TENG device Teflon and AAO. The discharge and charging tests of the integrated module during the random simulated transport environment and the recognition distance of RFID were measured while agricultural products (onion) were loaded into the returnable folding plastic box. As a result, it was found that AAO alumina etching processing time to maximize TENG performance was optimal at 31 min in terms of voltage and current generation, and the integrated module applied with the TENG module showed a charging effect even during the continuous use of RFID, so the voltage was kept constant without discharge. In addition, the RFID recognition distance of the integrated module was measured as a maximum of 1.4 m. Therefore, it was found that the surface condition of AAO, a TENG element, has a great influence on the power generation of the integrated module, and due to the characteristics of TENG, the power generation increases as the surface dries, so it is judged that the power generation can be increased if the surface drying treatment (ozone treatment, etc.) of AAO is applied in the future.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2017

초분광 영상(hyperspectral imagery)은 주성분분석이나 최소잡음비율 등을 이용하여 자료의 차원과 잡음을 감소시켜 토지피복분류에 사용되는 것이 일반적이다. 최근에는 분광정보와 공간적 특성을 가진 다양한 입력 자료를 이용한 감독분류에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 초분광 영상을 이용한 토지피복분류를 위해 principle component(PC) 밴드와 normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) 자료를 감독분류의 입력자료로 활용하였다. NDVI 자료는 초분광 영상에서 추출된 PC 밴드가 포함하고 있지 않는 추가적인 정보를 활용하여 식생지역에 대한 토지피복분류 정확도를 높이고자 사용하였으며, morphological filter를 통해 각 밴드의 extended attribute profiles(EAP)를 제작하여 분류를 위한 입력 자료로 사용하였다. 감독분류기법은 random forest 알고리즘을 이용하였으며, EAP를 기반으로 다양한 입력 자료의 적용에 따른 분류정확도를 비교하고자 하였다. 연구지역으로는 두 대상지를 선정하였으며, 영상 내에서 취득한 참조자료를 이용하여 정량적인 평가를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 기법의 분류정확도는 85.72%와 91.14%로 다른 입력 자료들을 이용한 경우와 비교하여 가장 높은 분류정확도를 나타냈다. 향후, 초분광 영상을 이용한 토지피복분류의 정확도를 높이기 위한 분류 알고리즘 개발과 대상지역 특성에 맞는 추가 입력자료 개발에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.