• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.648-653
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• 2010

Discharged pollution load for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) is calculated on the basis of rainfall data for reference year. Rainfall has an influence on discharged pollution load in unit watershed with combined sewer system. This study reviewed the status of discharged pollution load and rainfall conditions. We also investigated rainfall effects on discharged pollution load by analyzing change of the load in accordance with increase of rainfall. The change ratio of discharged pollution load was 18.6% while inflow load only 5.8% for 5 years from 2004 to 2008 in Daejeon district. The greatest rainfall and rain days were over 2 times than the least during the period. This change in rainfall could have great effect on discharged pollution load. The analysis showed that discharged pollution load increased 2.1 times in case rainfall increased 2 times and 1.2 times in case rain days increased 2 times. Rainfall effects, therefore, should be considered to make resonable evaluation of discharged pollution load in the assessment of annual performances.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.417-425
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• 2020

In order to predict and prevent hydrological disasters such as flood, it is necessary to accurately estimate rainfall. In this paper, an areal average rainfall estimation method using multiple elevation observation data of an electromagnetic wave rain gauge is presented. The small electromagnetic rain gauge system is a very small precipitation radar that operates at K-band with dual-polarization technology for very short distance observation. The areal average rainfall estimation method is based on the assumption that the variation in rainfall over the observation range is small because the observation distance and time are very short. The proposed method has been evaluated by comparing with ground instruments such as tipping-bucket rain gauges and a Parsivel. The evaluation results show that the methodology works fairly well for the rainfall events which are shown here.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.629-641
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• 2007

This study estimated the urbanization effect of Seoul, the largest city in Korea, on its rainfall. For a comparative analysis, two different data sets are used: One is the precipitation data at the Jeonju rain gauge station, which has a relatively long record length but least urbanization effect, and the other at the Ichon rain gauge station, which has a short record length but located very near to Seoul with least urbanization effect. Also, the difference of the rainfall between Seoul and Jeonju rain gauge stations, as an indicator of urbanization effect, is quantified by use of the intervention model. As a result, it was found that the maximum rainfall intensity of the annual maximum rainfall events shows the increasing trend, its duration the decreasing trend, and the mean intensity the decreasing trend especially after 1960. Also, the quantification of urbanization effect using the intervention model shows that the increasing trend of rainfall intensity and total volume is still on going.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.743-754
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• 2007

This study theoretically compared three possible methods for the ground-truth, that is three ground-truth designs of radar rainfall using the rain gauge rainfall. Theoretical results derived are first applied to the rainfall field generated by the Waymire-Gupta-Rodriguez Iturbe(WGR) model, and then to the Mt. Gwanak radar data using the rain gauge data from MOCT within the radar range of observation. Overall application results were found to be similar to those from theoretical studies, also those from the application to the WGR rainfall field. In conclusion, the ground-truth design using only positive(+) rainfalls from both radar and rain gauges causes serious design bias to be inappropriate as a ground-truth design.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.433-433
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• 2023

토양수분은 물 순환의 필수적인 요소로써 수문순환 및 기상 현상에 큰 영향을 미친다. 현재 우리나라에서는 토양수분 자료구축을 위해 Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR), Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) 센서를 활용하여 지점 단위 토양수분 자료를 생산하고 있다. 그러나 한반도는 도서, 산간 지역이 다수 분포하고 있어, 지점관측 센서만으로 공간 대표성을 갖는 토양수분 자료를 산출하기 어렵다. 이에, 광범위한 지역을 장기간 모니터링 할 수 있는 원격탐사 기법을 활용하여, Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT), Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) 등의 공간 단위 토양수분 자료의 적용성이 평가되고 있다. 하지만, 공간 토양수분 자료의 검증을 위해 필수적인 지점 토양수분 자료가 구축되지 않은 미계측지역이 다수 존재하며, 한반도와 같이 지형적 복잡성이 높게 나타나는 지역에서는 계측지역에서의 활용성 평가 결과가 미계측지역에서도 유사하게 나타난다고 가정하기 어렵다. 이에 본 연구에서는, 미계측지역의 공간 토양수분 자료를 산출하고자 계측지역에서 SM2RAIN 알고리즘으로 산출된 강수량 자료와 위성 산출 자료 그리고 지점관측 자료의 관계성을 분석했다. SM2RAIN 알고리즘의 입력자료는 Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) 토양수분 자료를 활용했다. ASCAT 토양수분 자료와 SM2RAIN 강수 자료의 검증을 위해 기상청에서 제공하는 Automated Agriculture Observing System (AAOS) 토양수분 자료, Automatic Weather System (AWS) 강수량 자료와 Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) 강수 자료를 활용하였다. 전반적으로 ASCAT 토양수분을 통해 산출한 SM2RAIN 강수량의 추정과GPM 강수량이 유의미한 상관성이 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 추후 Downscaling 기법과 연계하여 지형적 복잡성이 높게 나타나는 지역의 토양수분 추정이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to develop and assess a method for estimating the rain scavenging ratios (RSRs) of particle-bound PAHs and PCBs using measured scavenging ratio of particulate matters (PM) and routinely available data of physico-chemical properties of PM. Paired atmospheric and rainwater sampling was conducted for a total of 4 rain events. Assuming equilibrium partitioning in rainwater-gas-PM system, an equation was derived for estimating the RSR of particle-bound chemicals as a function of RSR of PM and three equilibrium partition constants (i.e. dimensionless Henry's law constant, gas-particle partition coefficient, and water-particle partition coefficient). For all PAHs, the model significantly under-predicted the RSR while the model prediction for PCBs agreed with observation mostly within a factor of 5. The RSR model for the chemicals is of limited use as its accuracy critically depends on how close the observed partitioning of the chemicals in the gas-PM-rainwater system is to that estimated under the equilibrium assumption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.181-191
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• 2013

The design process of ecological and environmental detention system located in the housing district of Sinjeong 3-jigu in Seoul are as follows. At stage one, a new dispersal detention was created in the neighborhood park located near the originally planned detention. From this, the amount of storage of this dispersal detention system was enlarged from $28,337m^3/d$, the initial storage amount, to $33,606m^3/d$ as the post storage amount, responsible to the amount of rainfall which happens every 100 years. In particular, the SSB (Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop) system, which was the New Excellent Technology verified by the Ministry of Environment (No. 258) was applied to enhance ecological functioning and water quality with the detention as a constructed wetland. At stage two, the treatment plans for non-point pollutant source occurred at the initial period of rain, flowing into the detention system were built for purifying the water of the retention pond at the base of the detentions, and the water-circulation system was designed at the dispersal detentions on the period of regular rainfalls. The non-point pollutant source flowing into detention site was calculated as $11,699m^3/d$ flowing down from seven small watersheds, which occurred at the initial period of rain. In particular the SSB systems improved the average efficiency of the water processing performance to BOD 60%, SS 90%, T-N 30%, T-P 60%. At stage three, the ecological network and biological diversity were strongly considered so that it brought the residents with amenity places. In particular, the dispersal detentions were successfully designed to restore the ecological habitat of endangered plant and animal species such as narrow-mouthed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.175-183
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• 2010

Windows are widely used for natural ventilation of the various buildings. Especially high level windows as a part of industrial ventilation systems, play a crucial role in natural ventilation. Compared to mechanical ventilation system, natural ventilation has the advantage of lower installation and operating costs. In general, high level windows for industrial buildings have three types; louver type, 45$^{\circ}$ open type and 90$^{\circ}$ open type. Based on previous studies, it was found that the louver type and 45$^{\circ}$ open type are very effective in reducing rainwater penetration, but they did not have enough ventilation efficiencies. Preliminary tests were performed with the various types of windows. It was found that a 90$^{\circ}$ open double layer type window was the best among those which tested in our preliminary tests. Simulated rain was used to estimate the amount of rain penetrated through windows and to observe the paths of rain penetration. Various 90$^{\circ}$ open windows were tested to find the windows with minimum rain penetration and maximum ventilation efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.419-426
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• 2008

Recently, localized heavy rain due to "EL-LIO" was a kind of reason by risk of slope stability. In this paper, the behaviour of slope when localized heavy rain was studied. In order to perform this study experimental programs were performed. Experimental programs was checked filtering conditions for slope stability due to localized heavy rain. And then, investigated slope stability and fracture mechanism each other types. In the experimental study, performed changing filtering condition by embankment, through five fixing factors such as rainfall intensity, slope shape, geological condition, compaction energy and water content. According to the results of this study, behaviour of facture slope has made a shallow and narrow waterway. This waterway expanded base stone. In order to, suggested a system for slope stability examination.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.14 no.4 s.41
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• pp.429-442
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• 2004

Landslide of the Whanpyeong Mountain which was occurred at Busan Metropolitan City in 1999 belongs to the category of plane failure. Automatic monitoring system to measure horizontal displacement, pore pressure change and load change has operating from reconstruction stage for evaluating rock slope stability (August, 2000$\~$Feburuary, 2002). As a result of the analysis on the monitoring performance data, it is suggested that infiltrated rain water from pound surface discharges rapidly through cut-slope because pressure head of water decreases rapidly after rainfall while rise of pore pressure is proportional to the amount of rain water. As a result of data analyses for inclinometers and load cells, it seems that slope is stablized be cause ground deformation is rarely detected. The areas especially similar to the study site where landslide is induced by heavy rain fall, change of pore pressure is rapidly analyzed using automatic monitoring system. Therefore, it is considered that automatic monitoring system is very effect for slope stability analysis on important cut-slopes.