• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1161-1167
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• 2016

In this study, an attempt was made to conduct a case study on the development of ground expansive displacement due to lack of bearing capacity of original ground in spite of applying reinforcement treatments that intended to enhance the stability of big size high-speed rail tunnel in large fault zone. For the purpose of this, in-situ measurements made in the middle of excavation stage were analyzed in order to characterize ground responses and numerical analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of reinforcement technique such as elephant foot method applied for this site via comparing with field monitoring measurements. In addition, further numerical studies were carried out to investigate the influence of leg pile installation angle and length, which is one of types of elephant foot method. The results revealed that the optimum condition for the leg pile installation is to maintain 45 degree of installation angle along with 6 meter of embedment depth.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.915-926
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• 2017

The subway is the transportation means most commonly used by the citizens of the metropolitan area along with the buses in the metropolitan area and major metropolitan municipalities. However, satisfaction with the signboards is low and the signboards need to be improved. In this study, we investigated the problem of guide signs of city hall and exchange area with L - shaped history structure for guide signs affecting route finding. As a result, it is necessary to confirm whether the moving distance is long and moving accurately to the desired destination due to the L - shaped historical structure in both the station and the alternate area. In both stations, the number of the guide signs, Problems such as installation position, height, other. In this study, the movement within the subway station is classified according to the space. The type of guide sign installation was defined, and the specific principles for guiding the movement route were proposed. This research is expected to be useful as an important basic data for the types and layout of subway stations.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.195-200
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• 2020

With the growing interest in fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution, railroad cars operating in Korea are in progress as the conversion from diesel to electric vehicles expands. The photovoltaic system, which is applied as an example of the conversion of electric vehicles, is infinite and pollution-free, and can produce energy without generating hazards such as air pollution, noise, heat, and vibration, and maintain fuel transportation and power generation facilities. There is an advantage that is rarely needed. However, the amount of electricity produced depends on the amount of solar radiation by region, and the energy density is low due to the power generation of about 25㎡/ kWp, so a large installation area is required and the installation place has limited problems. In view of these problems, many studies have been applied to fuel cells in the railway field. In particular, the plan to link the fuel cell power generation system railroad power supply system must be linked to the power supply system that supplies power to the railroad, unlike solar and wind power. Therefore, it has a close relationship with railroad cars and the linkage method can vary greatly depending on the system topology. Therefore, in this paper, we study the validity through simulation modeling related to linkage analysis according to system topology.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.216-232
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• 2016

In present, the Seoul City is undergoing traffic congestion problems caused by rapid urbanization and population growth. Thus the City government has reorganized the mass transportation system since 2004 and the subway has become a very important means for public transit. Since the subway system is typically a closed environment, the indoor air quality issues have often raised by the public. Especially since a huge amount of PM (particulate matter) is emitted from ground tunnels passing through the subway train, it is now necessary to assess the characteristics and behaviors of fine PM inside the tunnel. In this study, the concentration patterns of $PM_1$, $PM_{2.5}$, and $PM_{10}$ in the Seoul subway line-2 were analyzed by real-time measurement during winter (Jan 13, 2015) and summer (Aug 7, 2015). The line-2 consisting of 51 stations is the most busy circular line in Seoul having the railway of 60.2 km length. The the one-day average $PM_{10}$ concentrations were $148{\mu}g/m^3$ in winter and $66.3{\mu}g/m^3$ in summer and $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were $118{\mu}g/m^3$ and $58.5{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratio in the underground tunnel was lower than the outdoor ratio and also the ratio in summer is higher than in winter. Further the study examined structural types of underground subsections to explain the patterns of elevated PM concentrations in the line-2. The subsections showing high PM concentration have longer track, shorter curvature radius, and farther from the outdoor stations. We also estimated the outdoor PM concentrations near each station by a spatial statistical analysis using the $PM_{10}$ data obtained from the 40 Seoul Monitoring Sites, and further we calculated $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ and $PM_1/PM_{10}$ mass ratios near the outdoor subway stations by using our observed outdoor $PM_1$, $PM_{2.5}$, and $PM_{10}$ data. Finally, we could develop pollution maps for outdoor $PM_1$ and $PM_{2.5}$ near the line-2 by using the kriging method in spatial analysis. This methodology may help to utilize existing $PM_{10}$ database when managing and control fine particle problems in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.351-358
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• 2016

An Electrical Point Machine (NS:New-type Switch), which is equipped and operated at railways in Korea, has been used since the 1960s after being imported from Japan. On the other hand, although the mechanical configuration has improved the position motor control circuit, the electrical connection has not been improved, so NS may have a problem, such as the interlocking system of automatic train operation. In addition, NS is the most vulnerable part in the railway system and a huge train accident may occur due to minor defects. The existing NS wiring set of the circuit controller should be checked only if fixed. Therefore, an excessive inspection time only by a Railroad Signal expert is required. In this paper, the improvement of electrical connection in a NS wiring set, such as the position motor control circuit, was developed and the prototype was installed at Seoul Metro in the distance to go section. The results can be used to help make appropriate adjustments. The improvement of the NS wiring set enhance the maintenance efficiency, passenger service and the stability of the signal system as well as reducing the maintenance cost.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the main features of South Korea's New Northern Policy and to make some suggestions for cooperation with neighboring countries' initiatives. The New Northern Policy encompasses the whole of Eurasia, but the starting development area would be the border region of the Korean Peninsula. In this viewpoint, this study examines the Belt and Road Initiative of China, the New Eastern Policy of Russia and the Steppe Road Initiative of Mongolia, and presents the characteristics, problems and some implementation strategies of the New Northern Policy. Apart from the future possibilities of the regional cooperations that include North Korea, it would be necessary for South Korea to secure and expand the possible opportunities for "Korea-China-Mongolia-Russia" cooperation. In order to create a close cooperative environment with North Korea in the future, it would also be necessary to build a maritime route, with port development around major border regions on the Korean Peninsula, including Russia, and to develop the port-railway intermodal transportation system with neighboring countries. South Korea need to actively cooperate with neighboring countries to develop the new Eurasia logistics routes would be more favorable to the Korean Peninsula in preparation for the time when the North Korean nuclear issue will be resolved.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4D
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• pp.679-686
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• 2006

Recently, the city railway in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) has offered a low quality of service as a passage time, because it was operated slowly. So, the people who live in modern society are not satisfied about passage time, therefore, this study tried to make that the subway in the SMA becomes a more functional and effective wide-area-transportation-network through an express train introduction's method which examined cases from abroad and current system. and then presented how express train could be applied to current system. In a case study, We used the An-San Line and Su-In Line as a examples and developed a schedule which can minimize the delaying time of subway by using Branch & Bound Algorithm. The train operational plan was loaded to consider a railroad siding, Obtained site, and the dispatch interval(three to ten minutes) for the express and local lines and finally, We presented an alternative operational plan which made by those factors.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.38-57
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• 2018

Led by the Cultural Heritage Administration, studies on the cultural heritage of railways have merely focused on modern registered cultural heritage and on excavating the cultural heritage of modern rail transportation. Endeavors of institutions relevant to railways to protect the cultural heritage of railways were not sufficiently made. Only the internal guideline to protect the cultural heritage of railways made by the railway corporation is being implemented. This study aims to assert the need to examine the protective measures of the heritage of railroad cars and to vitalize plans of conserving the heritage of railroad cars. Also, plans to protect the heritage of railroad cars and methods to invigorate schemes of protecting the heritage of railroad cars will be suggested. The current situation of protecting the heritage of railroad cars was investigated via a field trip. Through exploring overseas examples of protecting the heritage of the railroad cars, ways to vitalize plans of widely publicizing the heritage of the railroad cars with their historical values were suggested. Results showed that first, the way of openly exhibiting conserved railroad cars by setting up stands other than the way of exhibiting and conserving in one site was necessary. Second, in order to properly preserve and manage the cultural heritage of railways, railroad cars, much like natural monuments or intangible cultural properties, need to be perceived as cultural properties. Also, it is necessary to amend the Cultural Properties Protection Law to include railway heritage. Third, the perception of the cultural heritage of railways should be heightened, and SNS, blogs, and cafes need to strategically promote this heritage in order to increase the public's interest. Fourth, in addition to enacting legislations and gaining institutional support for the cultural heritage of railways, the budget to operate the responsible department, and employing staff for the heritage of railroad cars should be resolved as a priority in order to enhance the capability of managing this cultural heritage. In order to rationally protect the cultural heritage of railways and invigorate plans to protect the cultural heritage of railways, it is necessary to garner administrative and financial support, and enact the appropriate legislation. The heritage of railroad cars is priceless and has a social value in terms of regional icons, historic marks, and the record of life. It is considered that in this situation, the standard of amending both policy and the Cultural Properties Protection Law for the heritage of railroad cars should be urgently established.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.1 s.87
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• pp.29-38
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• 2006

After the first opening of the KTX in April 2004, travel time between major cities has been dramatically reduced. The reduction rates range from 32% to 47%. Considering travel time reduction between major cities, this study concerned about the intercity travel impact of the KTX operation. This study aimed to analyze intercity mode choice behavior of Daegu Citizens according to the first opening of the KTX. This study takes place in two sections. These are (i) the section of KTX between Daegu and Seoul, and (ii) the section of KTX between Daegu and Daejeon. This study estimated empirical models for analyzing intercity mode choice behavior according to the first opening of the KTX. This study makes use of the data from travel survey from Daegu metropolitan area. The main part of the survey was carried out in the KTX Dong-Daegu station. The survey data includes the information on travel from Daegu to Daejeon and from Daegu to Seoul. In order to analyze intercity choice behavior according to the frist opening of the KTX, multinomial model structure is used. For the model specification, a variety of behavioral assumptions about the factors which affect the mode choice, were considered. From the empirical model estimation, it is found that OVTT(Out-of-Vehicle Travel Time), OVTC(Out-of-Vehicle Travel Cost), IVTT(In-Vehicle Travel Time), IVTC(In-Vehicle Travel Cost), travel frequency, travel purpose, sex, age, occupation. household income, individual income are significant in choosing intercity travel mode. However, it is found that the intercity nde choice behavior is different between (i) the section of KTX between Daegu and Seoul, and (ii) the section of KTX between Daegu and Daejeon. Furthermore, some policy implications are discussed in conclusion.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.4 s.66
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• pp.61-70
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• 2006

The functions and roles in the various fields of modern society are changing into the unified and multiplex structure, which is simultaneous and virtual communication environments beyond physical space and time, by the digital IT technology. The urban traffic system is also being intellectualized in order to solve urban traffic problems and convenient services by using digital IT technology. The bus, which is the one of the most common public transportation, are suffering in the decrease of bus service quality and the bus passengers rate because of the development of other public transportation systems such as the subway and electric railway and by rapidly increasing private cars. By recognizing these problems, many domestic and overseas cities are promoting to introduce the Bus Information System (BIS) to improve service quality of buses through the intelligent traffic system. According to the construction of this new information system called the Bus Information System (BIS), the new bus stop configuration system and design plans are being required to solve the existing bus stop information system. Therefore, this research was conducted to suggest an effective BIS configuration system plan and synthetic design goals based on the investigation the problems of the information system and the BIS configuration system for Busan city. Also, this research are conducted the below actions as follows: First, the literature survey was conducted, such as theoretical documents on the bus stop and the Bus Information System(BIS), Also, the design trend of the BIS was examined through domestic and overseas BIS cases studies. Scondly, the problems related to the information system in Busan city bus stops were investigated to investigate the present state and problems of the Bus Information System (BIS). Finally, as a result of this research, the effective BIS configuration system plan and design approach methods of bus stops were proposed for by Busan city based on the above investigation results.