• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.127-132
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix on the components of serum and liver and the effects on the antioxidant system. For this purpose, five experimental groups were set up. And for fat source, perila oil enough with unsaturated fatty acid and beef tallow enough with saturated fatty acid were supplemented to the rats together with hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radixs. Five experimental groups kept eight Sprague-Dawley rats respectively. They were CO group supplemented with basic diet of AIN-93, PO group supplemented with perila oil, POA group supplemented with perila oil and hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix, BT group supplemented with beef tallow, and BTA group supplemented with beef tallow and hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix. The results were; 1) Final weight, weight gain, fluid intake and FER were not different significantly among the experimental groups, 2) Significant difference of food intake was observed(p<0.05) in BTA group only, 3) No significant difference was observed in serum total lipid, serum triglyceride and HDL cholesterol among experimental groups. Serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were significantly low(p<0.05) in the group supplemented with beef tallow which was with hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix (BTA group). 4)Liver total cholesterol in liver was low in groups supplemented with perila oil and hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix. In summary, hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix did not affect the weight gain, fluid intake and food efficiency ratio among the experimental groups, but had an effect of lowering food intake, serum total cholesterol and serum LDL cholesterol significantly in the groups which were supplemented with beef tallow and hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix. The effect of lowering liver total cholesterol with the supplementation of hot water soluble extract from AnRelicae Radix was observed in perila oil group only. The effect of lowering cholesterol with the supplementation of hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix was observed both in serum and in liver.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.1061-1065
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• 2001

The antibacterial effects of water extracts of Scutellariate Radix (a dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI) and its major flavonoid components, Baicalin and Baicalein, on Salmonella typhimurium, a representative enteric pathogen, were studied. Through a Kriby-Bauer disc analysis, the growth-inhibition activity of Scutellariae Radix against. S. typhimurium was found to be compatible with commercial antibiotics, such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin. In contrast, the growth of a nonpathogenic E. coli strain was unaffercted by Scutellariae Radix. To examine the effect of polyphosphate kinase (ppk), a putative virulence factor, on the antibacterial activity of Scutellariae Radix, the growth profile of a ppk mutant of S. typhimurium was investigated in a tryptic soy broth containing different concentrations of water extracts of Scutellariae Radix. The ppk mutant was able to grow in 6 mg/ml of water extracts of Scutellariae Radix, whereas in 6 mg/ml of water extracts of Scutellariae Radix, whereas the wild-type could not, implying that the inactivation of ppk made S. typhimurium more resistant to the antibacterial activity of Scutellariae Radix. No enhanced resistance was observed in a ppk mutant of S. typhimurium complemented with a ppk expression vector. The attenuation of the virulence by ppk inactivation was also observed in a virulence assay using BLAB/c mice. Neither Baicalin nor Baicalein exhibited any growth-inhibition activity against S. typhimurium. The water extracts of Scutellariae Radix stimulated the transcription of ppk, especially in the early growth-stage of S. typhimurium.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2006

Objectives : Southern, northern, and wild types of Osterici Radix, and Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix imported from China are circulated in Korea. Morphological identification was attempted by comparing external and internal forms of these materials. Methods : The slice of the tested material made by paraffin section technique was colored with Safranine Malachite Green contrast methods, and then observed and photographed by olymphus-BHT. Results : 1. Southern type of Osterici Radix has short rhizome and many small and long roots, while northern type of it is mostly composed of rhizomes with little small reds and sometimes looks like bamboo because of the extention of the parts between joints. 2. Parenchymal cell of southern type of Osterici Radix is filled with starch grain, while that of nothern type includes less starch grain with lamination crossed on its cell wall. 3. Surface of root and rhizome of wild Osterici Radix has some marks of fibrous root raised in the form of nodule, but cultivated Osterici Radix does not have this kind of marks. 4. Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix is mostly composed of rhizomes, and its form is similar to that of a silkworm or joints of bamboo. Parenchymal cell is filled with starch grains, and lamination is crossed on its cell wall but not salient. Conclusion : Southern, northern, and wild types of Osterici Radix, and Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix circulated in Korea can be easily identified because of their differences in their external and internal forms.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-59
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• 2009

To beef up natural immunity, we have used Bojoongikgitang which has been known to treat enervation in the oriental medicine. This study is analyzed out structure material and the chief virtue of a prescription through Literature Study on Bojoongikgitang and Clinical Application. And this study is investigated to make sure of the necessity and additional symptoms in using Bojoongikgitang. The results are as follows : 1. It is regarded that the structure materials of Bojoongikgitang consist of Astragali Radix one jeon(錢) five poon(分), Ginseng Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix one jeon for each, Citri Pericarpium, Angelicae Gigantis Radix five poon for each, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Bupleuri Radix three poon for each. 2. The necessity symptoms in using Bojoongikgitang are a pale complexion, drowsy eyes(目無精光), vigorless, lethargy, sluggish talk. 3. The fittest prescriptions prior to the necessity symptoms in using Bojoongikgitang are Bojoongikgitang added Paeoniae Radix Alba, Scutellariae Radix in fever, exterior heat, mild fever, Bojoongikgitang added Ephedrae Radix, Tritici Fructus Levis, Aconiti Iateralis Preparata Radix in spontaneous sweating, spontaneous sweating by yang deficiency, Bojoongikgitang added Paeoniae Radix Alba, Scutellariae Radix in feeling the pulse like a flood, largeness and weakness, scatter and largeness, flood and largeness for diagnosis respectively. Bojoongikgitang Entering the heart channel by culturing the blood prescription in vexation, vexation and anxiety, Soongihwajoongtang in headache, DossiBojoongikgitang in rigor, Bojoongikgitang annexed Saengmaecsan in thirst, Daninsamtang or Jojoongikgitang in asthma, asthma by congestion of the upwardness, Eeegongsan in light eating, eschewing food, losing one's appetite, Ikweeseungyangtang in deficiency failing to control blood and blood collapsey. 4. To treat a functional disease is superior to organic one in using Bojoongikgitang.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-119
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• 2004

Ginseng Radix Alba and Cyperi Rhizoma were investigated for their anti-depressant effects. For this purpose, forced-swimming test, tail suspension test, hot plate test, reserpine-induced hypothermia, aggressive behavior test were performed. In addition, the brain content of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(a metabolite of serotonin), the monoamine oxidase activity, anticonvulsant effect, sleep enhancement effect were determined. The results are as follows: In the forced swimming test, Ginseng Radix diminished the duration of immobility by 45.5% compared to the control group, while Cyperi Rhizoma showed weaker effect (12.4% reduction) at 2g/kg. In the tail suspension test, the effect of Ginseng Radix(43.7% reduction) are also better than that of Cyperi Rhizoma(15.6% reduction) at 2g/kg. In the hot plate test, Ginseng Radix showed no difference as compared to control, while Cyperi Rhizoma increased the jump latency time by about 25% after administration for 10 days. In the reserpine-induced hypothermia test, both drugs slowly dropped the body temperature compared to the control group, especially the rate of hypothermia of Ginseng Radix was 24.0% at 1g/kg. In the aggressive behavior test, both drugs delayed the onset time, decreased the duration and frequency, of which effects were better in Cyperi Rhizoma. The content of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in mice brain was slightly increased in Ginseng Radix, while Cyperi Rhizoma increased its level almost to the control group. Both drugs inhibited the monoamine oxidase activity in a dose-dependent manner, but the effect(51.2%) of Cyperi Rhizoma was more potent than the effect(11.8%) of Ginseng Radix. In the pentobarbital-induced sleep test, Cyperi Rhizoma exhibited no significant difference against the control group, while Ginseng Radix showed about two-fold enhancement at 2g/kg. The anticonvulsant effect of both drugs delayed the onset time, shortened the duration of convulsion and diminished the lethality, but Ginseng Radix were better than Cyperi Rhizoma.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.535-542
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of chocolate added with Rehmannia Radix Preparata (R. Radix Preparata) concentrate (0, 3, 6 and 9%). As the amount of R. Radix Preparata concentrate increased, water content significantly. The pH of chocolate decreased significantly as R. Radix Preparata concentrate increased, but the acidity of chocolate increased. Sugar concentration and reducing sugar contents also increased according to the amount of R. Radix Preparata concentrate. The L(lightness), a(redness) and b(yellowness) values significantly decreased as R. Radix Preparata concentrate increased. However, texture was not significantly different among the treatments. As the amount of R. Radix Preparata concentrate increased, DPPH radical scavenging and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities increased. In the results of the sensory evaluation, scores of color, taste, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability were the highest in chocolate added with 6% R. Radix Preparata concentrate. From these results, it was suggested that the optimum addition amount of R. Radix Preparata concentrate to chocolate is 6%.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.49-61
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the different administration duration of Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution on the spermatogenic abilities. Methods : We used the 2-month-old mice and administered Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution 0.3mg/g/day for 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. The control group was administered the normal saline in the same way. We examined the number of total, motile and normal sperm from the cauda epididymis, the activities of sperm hyaluronidase. Also we observed changes of isolated testis before and after administration of Ginseng Radix Alba extract solutions in the mice. And we compared to the testicular tissue especially seminiferous tubules between control and treated group by histochemical methods. Results : The significant differences were observed in the concentration of total sperm and normality of spermatozoa of the Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution administered groups compared to the control group in 60, 90 and 120days groups. The significant differences were observed the motility of the Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution administered groups compared to the control group in 90 days group respectively. In the histological analysis of the testicular tissues, the enlargement of testicular lobe diameter and apparent vasculogenesis between testicular lobes were observed in the Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution administered groups compared to the control group, respectively. but the activity of hyaluronidase was not significantly increased in the Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution administered groups Conclusion : This study shows that Ginseng Radix Alba has the beneficial effect on the concentration, morphology and motility of sperm especially in 90 days administration group. We can suggest that Ginseng Radix Alba extract solution be useful for the treatment of male sexual dysfunctions and infertility.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare the common herbs for pain related disease between Yak-Jing and textbook of herbology. Methods We searched the formation of "Koho" and theory of Todo yoshimasu. We selected the common herbs that is used for pain related disease in Yak-Jing and textbook of herbology. These herbs were compared with each other. Result 1. Common Herbs for pain related disease are Ephedrae Herba (麻黃), Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix (附子), Euphorbiae Kansui Radix (甘遂), Euphorbiae pekinensis Radix (大戟) Daphnis Genkwa Flos (芫花), Atractylodis Rhizoma (朮), Paeonia Radix Rubra (芍藥), JujubaeFructus (大棗), Gypsum (石膏), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (知母), Cinnamomi Ramulus (桂枝), Poria (茯苓), Rhei Rhizoma (大黃), Natrii Sulfas (芒草), Pueraiae Radix (葛根). There are some difference between textbook of herbology and Yak-Jing about Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix (附子), Paeonia Radix Rubra (芍藥), Atractylodis Rhizoma (蒼朮), Pueraiae Radix (葛根). 2. Preparata Radix (附子) excrete water poisons (水毒) in Yak-Jing, but it has the effect of restore yang and tonify fire (回陽補火) in textbook of herbology. 3. Paeonia Radix Rubra (芍藥) is effective for pathological condition caused by the formation of the band and spasm (結實拘攣) in Yak-Jing, but it is to cure heat pattern in textbook of herbology. 4. Atractylodis Rhizoma (蒼朮) has the effect of water-draining (利水) in Yak-Jing, but it has the effect of dispersing (發散) in textbook of herbology. 5. Pueraiae Radix (葛根) is used in dyspnea and sweating (喘而汗出) in Yak-Jing, but it is to cure engender fluid (生津), skin disease, diarrhea in textbook of herbology. Conclusion There are some difference between textbook of herbology and Yak-Jing in the herb medicine that is used in pain related disease.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2005

Objectives : This experiments were performed to determine the effect of Linderae Radix extract on norepinephrine-induced arterial contraction in rabbit. Methods : In order to investigate the effect of Linderae Radix extract on contracted rabbit carotid arterial strips, transverse strips with intact or damaged endothelium were used for the experiment using organ bath. To analyze the mechanism of Linderae Radix extract-induced relaxation, Linderae Radix extract infused into contracted arterial strips induced by norepinephrine after treatment of indomethacin, tetraethylammonium chloride, $N{\omega}-nitro-L-arginine$ or methylene blue. Results : Linderae Radix extract relax arterial strip with endothelium contracted by norepinephrine, but in the strips without endothelium, Linderae Radix extract-induced relaxation was significantly inhibited. Linderae Radix extract-induced relaxation was decreased by the pre-treatment of $N{\omega}-nitro-L-arginine$ or methylene blue, but it was not observed in the strips pre-treated with indomethacin or tetraethylammonium chloride. When $Ca^{2+}$ was applied, the strips which were contracted by norepinephrine in a $Ca^{2+}$-free solution, arterial contraction was increased. But pre-treatment of Linderae Radix extract inhibited contractile response to norepinephrine and $Ca^{2+}$. Conclusions : We suggest that Linderae Radix may suppress influx of extra-cellular $Ca^{2+}$ through the formation of nitric oxide, and release of intra-cellular $Ca^{2+}$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.55-64
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose an efficient FFT algorithm for high speed multimedia communication systems, and present its pipeline implementation results. Since the proposed algorithm is based on the radix-4 butterfly unit, the processing rate can be twice as fast as that based on the radix-2$^3$ algorithm. Also, its implementation is more area-efficient than the implementation from conventional radix-4 algorithm due to reduced number of nontrivial multipliers like using the radix-23 algorithm. In order to compare the proposed algorithm with the conventional radix-4 algorithm, the 64-point MDC pipelined FFT processor based on the proposed algorithm was implemented. After the logic synthesis using 0.6${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ technology, the logic gate count for the processor with the proposed algorithm is only about 70% of that for the processor with the conventional radix-4 algorithm. Since the proposed algorithm can be achieve higher processing rate and better efficiency than the conventional algorithm, it is very suitable for the high speed multimedia communication systems such as WLAN, DAB, DVB, and ADSL/VDSL systems.