• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2012

Ultrasonography is one of the fields on the imaging studies within intra-abdominal organs. A blood test is a typical method of clinical chemical examination on the in vivo test of clinical symptoms. Fatty liver is performed simultaneously two kinds of diagnostics methods, intra-abdominal ultrasound and blood tests. At an implementing this, the standard of blood tests value was the TBIL, TC, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, TG, HDL-C, GLU. In this study analyzing the accuracy of the two kinds of test, ultrasonography and blood test, on patients with fatty liver. From January to March 2012, patients 459 determined fatty liver within 1350, who received health examination simultaneously on the intra-abdominal ultrasonography and blood tests. Same result of ultrasonography and blood test's patients were 459 ie, 60.8%. and different result of those examinations was 280 ie, 39.2%. Consequently diagnostic accuracy was 60.8%. It presumably caused by differences in the diagnostic performance of ultrasound professionals(Radiologist or Radiological Technologist). In order to overcome this, ongoing educational and study will be needed.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2013

Purpose : To evaluate the usefulness of cervicothoracic spine sagittal T2-weighted images (CT SAG T2WIs) included in routine lumbar spine MRI. Materials and Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained and informed consents were waived for this retrospective study. The study group comprised 2,113 patients who underwent lumbar spine MRI from January 2005 to December 2005. CT SAG T2WIs were added in the routine lumbar spine MRIs. Radiologic reports were reviewed retrospectively for pathologic lesions on CT SAG T2WIs by one radiologist. Information of additional cervical or thoracic spine MRI and/or CT for further evaluation of positive findings on CT SAG T2WIs and their treatment were collected by retrospectively reviewing medical records. Results: The CT SAG T2WIs revealed 142 pathologic lesions in 139 (6.58%) of the 2,113 patients. They were easily obtained without positional change in a scan time of less than 2 minutes. Additional cervical or thoracic spine MRI and/or CT for positive findings on CT SAG T2WIs were performed in 13 patients. Seven patients underwent surgical treatment. Conclusion: CT SAG T2WIs included in routine lumbar spine MRI were useful in finding the pathologic lesions in cervicothoracic spine for the patients who assumed to have lesions in lumbar spine.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.385-390
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• 2009

The Pneumatic Reduction and VCUG (Voiding Cystourethrography) are commonly used in the paediatric age group. The procedures had a particularly long fluroscopic screening time, despite a successful outcome for paediatric patients. Pneumatic Reduction and VCUG almost invariably requires fluoroscopic guidance which does confer a radiation dose. This article contains suggestions on how the radiation dose to paediatric patients from Pneumatic Reduction and VCUG can be made "as low as reasonably achievable" (ALARA). The aim of our study was eliminated in spot image applying the FluoroGrab, which has function of capturing an image of interest area from the picturing while fluoroscopic procedures. FluoroGrab has clinical value equivalent to the spot image, and is applied to the most recent fluoroscopic procedures. The radiologist and the radiographers should consider new option for decreasing the radiation exposure delivered to paediatric patients by making equipment modifications to the fluoroscopy to optimize radiation exposure reduction techniques. Thus, we propose the FluoroGrab instead of spot exposure for the reduction of patient exposure dose in paediatric, and try to confirm the effect of the mitigating amount of radiation exposure to paediatric patients when pneumatic reduction and VCUG. Fluorograb is the safe and useful method that shows the equivalent level of accuracy to spot exposure, and to minimize the radiation load to paediatric patients are to be the substitute for the spot exposure for Pneumatic Reduction and VCUG.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1011-1018
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• 1997

Background : To evaluate how efficaciously and safely we can make transthoracic lung biopsy with an 18-gauge automated biopsy device. Methods : We performed 130 transthoracic needle biopsies including 16 repeat biopsies in 114 patients with a pulmonary mass using an l8-gauge biopsy device (ASAP 18, Microvasive-. Eighty-three biopsies were performed by an experienced radiologist and 47 by several less experienced radiologists. All biopsies were guided by biplane fluoroscopy. Results : We successfully obtained sufficient tissue(>2-mm in the length) in 128(985) of 130 biopsies. Biopsy provided the specific diagnosis in 97 (85%) of 114 patients including 78 (88%) of 89 patients with a malignant tumor and 19 (90%) of 21 patients with a benign condition. The diagnosis could not be made in the remaining four patients. Of interest to note was the superb capability (74/74) of biopsy to make a distinction between small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma. There was no significant difference in the diagnostic yields between the experienced and less experienced radiologists. Of the total 130 biopsies, pneumothorax appeared in 13 (10%), among which treatment was required in 2 (2%), Mild, self-limiting hemoptysis was nod in seven (5%), but in no case was the treatment required. Conclusion : We conclude transthoracic lung biopsy with an 18-gauge automated device is an effective procedure for the specific diagnosis of benign and malignant lung disease. It is safe with the complication rate comparable to that of fine-needle aspiration biopsy as well.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2020

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare genetic disorder that is characterized by ataxia, hypotonia, developmental delay, respiratory abnormalities such as apnea-hyperpnea, and abnormal eye movements. The pathognomonic diagnostic finding is the "molar tooth sign" (MTS) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), described as cerebellar vermis hypoplasia or dysplasia, thick and horizontally oriented superior cerebellar peduncles, and an abnormally deep interpeduncular fossa. JS is characterized by genetic heterogeneity: pathogenic variants in over 30 genes have been identified to date. The CEP290 protein, which is on chromosome 12q21.3, is most frequently mutated in patients with JS, especially with renal involvement. Here, we report a case of JS in a 14-year-old male patient with end-stage renal disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Korean report of a patient with JS due to CEP290 mutation (c.6012-12T> A) whose diagnosis was confirmed after repetitive MRI. We suggest consultation with an experienced neuro-radiologist and follow-up MRI studies to detect a "hidden" MTS if clinical findings suggest a diagnosis of JS. Furthermore, even in the absence of an MTS, whole exome sequencing should be considered.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to present the reference values for cardiac size and cardiothoracic ratio change, normal range and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in pregnancy and non pregnancy of normal Korean women using chest X-ray. The subjects of this study were 58 women, who were read as normal by chest radiologist, had chest radiography taken on both last month of pregnancy, pre-pregnancy and within 2 years following delivery. In this study, we defined the last month of pregnancy as pregnancy and before or post pregnancy as non-pregnancy. CS and CTR were measured by two radiological technologist who had clinical experience more ten years with Danzer's method. Statistical methods were paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. Significance level ${\alpha}$ was 0.05 and p-value 0.05 or less was statistically significant. For pregnancy, the mean of left and right cardiac size was $40.11{\pm}8.73mm$ and $89.51{\pm}11.9mm$, CS was $128.60{\pm}13.15mm$, CTR was $44.51{\pm}4.21%$. In non pregnancy, $36.50{\pm}8.18mm$ and $77.68{\pm}13.1mm$. CS and CTR were $114.18{\pm}14.28mm$ and $42.03{\pm}4.04%$. Both pregnancy and non pregnancy, the difference of the mean value in left and right cardiac size, CS and CTR were statistically significant (p<0.01). but comparing mean on age, height and weight, the difference of the mean value between groups was not (p>0.05). In the result of this study, the mean size of CS increased by 12.6% in pregnancy($128.60{\pm}13.15mm$) compared to the non pregnancy($114.18{\pm}14.28mm$), and increased by 9.8% in the right side of the heart and 15.2% in the left side. The mean size of CTR increased about 5.9% in pregnancy ($44.5{\pm}4.21%$) compared to non pregnancy($42.03{\pm}4.04%$).

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2010

National Cancer Screening Project and Korean Society of Breast Imaging recommend that breast cancer screening should be performed on those aged 40 and above. Nevertheless, this recommendation is usually ignored by a number of medical institutions. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the necessity of an age limitation in screening mammography. Ten institutions were randomly selected and telephone inquiries about patients' age limitation and internal guidelines were set up. The 3,214 women, who underwent screening mammography through 'GE Senography 2000D' in each hospital, were classified into five groups according to age(from 20s to 40s, at intervals of 5). And then, collected data was analyzed by a radiologist in accordance with ACR-BIRADS(American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System), through which breast parenchymal density and the results of analysis were categorized in order to predict the sensitivity of mammography. Information about craniocaudal-view mammograms was automatically produced by use of GE Senography 2000D, and the average glandular dose was retrospectively analyzed through the program 'Excel 2007.' Two institutions did not set the age limitation. Other seven institutions internally allowed those who wanted to receive mammography regardless of age. Approximately 99% of those aged 20 to 29 were judged as having the dense breast. In those aged 35 to 39, breast parenchymal density tended to be lower, but the fatty breast to increase. In the case of 'category-zero' that does not need additional tests, the rate of 'heterogeneously dense' and 'extremely dense' reached to 83.1% and 15.1% respectively. Regarding dense breasts, there was no sufficient information for image reading. The glandular dose, applied to 3,214, was 1.47mGy on the average. In those aged 20 to 24 who are sensitive to radiation, the average glandular dose indicated 1.59mGy. Those aged 35 and above showed the lowest value, 1.43mGy. In those aged 35 to 39, the breast tended to change from denseness to fattiness. The average glandular dose was lowest in those aged 35 and above, which suggests that screening mammography should be periodically performed on those aged 35 and above in order that breast cancer may be early detected. On the other hand, in those aged less than 35, it is difficult to analyze mammograms due to the high density of breast parenchyma, and also retakes become frequent. In particular, subjects may be exposed to excessive doses. Accordingly, it should be substituted by breast self-examination or clinical breast examination. In case of need, it is advisable to perform ultrasonography.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2149-2162
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• 2011

Currently practical examination can't function as a practical technique ability evaluation', so there is a contradiction which even though a radiologist passed an examination for license, he has to complete a training course. To improve this problem, this study tried to deduce the most reasonable plan from the analysis of propriety of currently practical examination and what improvement points are. This conduct study was compared and analyzed the performance or practical examination of radiology from leading advanced countries within the samples of 634 radiologists, 56 professors of radiology. From the result of this study, it showed that radiology practical examination was difficult to be substituted by radiology clinical training since there were some critical differences between conditions of domestic and advanced countries. Therefore, the introduction of the radiology practical examination is inevitable and necessary. However the currently practical examination can't evaluate actual practical ability, so we could conclude that converting it into OSCE (objective structured clinical examination) form is essential. From now on, we should consider more about an in-depth study on types of advanced practical examination and how to suggest and present them in order to become an one of the advanced countries for radiologic technologist.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2010

Background: Smoking reduces pulmonary function and induces various lung diseases. Recently, the rate of emphysema detection has increased due to lung cancer screening with low-dose chest computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in lung function associated with emphysema in healthy smokers. Methods: One hundred and ninety one healthy smokers, who had undergone a low-dose chest CT (LDCT) scan as part of lung cancer screening and had revisited the health center after a median 23.9 months' time, were recruited into this study. The severity of emphysema was calculated by the direct observation of a radiologist and a pulmonologist indipendently. Longitudinal changes in lung function according to emphysema based on LDCT and type of smoker was analyzed. Results: Of the participants in this study, 25% of healthy smokers had emphysema, which was mild in severity, in older patients (p=0.003) and in heavy smokers (p<0.001). $FEV_1/FVC$ and FEF25-75% were decreased in current smokers with emphysema (p=0.001 and p=0.009, respectively) and without emphysema (p=0.001 and p=0.042). Although lung function was not decreased in ex-smokers without emphysema, $FEV_1/FVC$ and FEF25-75% were decreased in ex-smoker with emphysema (p=0.020 and p=0.010). Conclusion: Upon examination with LDCT, the prevalence of emphysema was higher in healthy smokers was than in non-smokers. Lung function was diminished in smokers with emphysema, in spite of former smoker.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.184-190
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• 2010

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of chest computed tomographic (CT) parameters in acute submassive pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2009, 268 consecutive patients with acute submassive PE that was confirmed by chest CT with pulmonary angiography in emergency room were studied. One experienced radiologist measured CT parameters and judged the presence of right ventricular dysfunction. CT parameters were analyzed to determine their ability to predict a major adverse event (MAE). Results: There were 220 patients included and 61 (27.7%) had MAE. Left ventricular and right ventricular maximum minor axis ($36.4{\pm}8.0$ vs. $41.7{\pm}7.4$, p<0.01; $45.7{\pm}9.4$ vs. $41.5{\pm}7.6$, p<0.01), superior vena cava diameter ($19.2{\pm}3.4$ vs. $18.0{\pm}3.4$, p=0.02), azygos vein diameter ($10.0{\pm}2.2$ vs. $9.2{\pm}2.3$, p=0.02), septal displacement (19 vs. 18, p<0.01) were significantly higher in MAE group than in no MAE group. Patients with MAE had high right ventricular/left ventricular dimension ratio (RV/LV ratio) compared to patients without MAE ($1.34{\pm}0.48$ vs. $1.03{\pm}0.28$, p<0.01). The most useful cut-off value of RV/LV ratio for MAE was 1.3 and the area under the curve was 0.71 (0.62~0.79). Conclusion: RV/LV ratio on chest CT was a significant predictor of submassive PE related shock, intubation, in-hospital mortality, thrombolysis, thrombectomy within 30 days.