• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1972.11a
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• pp.69.3-70
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• 1972

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2002

In order to assay the efficacy of newly synthesized antiviral compounds, in vitro studies of their active intracellular phosphorylated metabolites were established as compared with Zidovudine (ZDV). Antiviral base analogs require intracellular phosphorylation prior to the inhibition of HIV replication. Therefore, antiviral drugs concentrations in plasma have not reflected any direct relationship with activity or toxicity. A method has been developed to measure the concentration of total phosphorylated metabolites inside peripheral blood mononuclear cells using modified commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA). ZDV 5'-monophosphate was synthesized and used as a procedural control for RIA modification. PBMCs were isolated from whole blood and incubated with ZDV for 20 h to allow metabolic phosphorylation. Viable cells were extracted overnight with 60% methanol. After evaporation, the extract was reconstituted in Tris buffer. Samples were split into two fractions, one of which was treated with alkaline phosphatase (AP) to liberate phosphate groups. Concentrations of phosphorylated metabolites were determined by subtracting thε concentration of non-AP-treated fraction from that of the treated fraction. Recovery of phosphorylated ZDV from cell extracts was approximately 90%, and reproducibility was acceptable (coefficients of variation <15% for concentrations${\geq}$0.25 ng/mL). Intracellular concentrations $(0.135{\sim}5.019\;nmole/10^6\;cells)$ followed a nonlinear dose-response relationship over the range $0.015{\sim}2.996mM$ extracellular ZDV, with concentration-dependant saturation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 1994

The bioavailability of digoxin generic tablets manufactures in Korea (formulations A & B) wwere compared to a standard (formulation C; Lanoxin brand digoxin, Burroughs Wellcome, USA) in 12 healthy Korean male volunteers (mean age 31.4 years) in a single dose, randomized, complete block crossover study. Using a latin square design, each of the subjects was randomized to the order number and allocated to each of the three treatments of 0.5mg oral digoxin. Digoxin conc4ntrations in serum and urine samples collected for 48 hours after dosing were measured by fluoprescence polarization immunoassy and radioimmunoassy, respectively. Treatments were compared by using nonlinear least squares regession analysis to evaluate the following pharmacokinetic parameters : maximum serum concentation $(C_{max})$; time of maximum serum concentation $(T_{max})$; area under the serum concentration-time curve $AUC_{0-12}$, $C_{max}$\;and\;(AUC_{0-12})$; and cummulative urinary excretion for 0-48 hours $(CLE_{0-48}.\;Mean\;AUC_{0-12},\;C_{max},\;and\;CUE_{0-48}$ values for formulations B and C were significantly different from formulation A (P<0.001), but not significantly diffeerent form each other. Basede on $AUL_{0-12}\;and\;CUE_{0-48}$ respectively, the relative availability of formulation B was 87.5% and 89.6% and the relative availability of formultation A was 43% and 35% when compared to formulation C(the standard).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2005

This experiment is designed to determine the relationship between groomers' activities and stress. The experimenter worked with 2 female dogs and 3 male dogs owned by clients. They were 22 months old on an average and weighed 5.5kg on an average. The concentration of cortisol in blood was measured with radioimmunoassy(RIA). The concentration of cortisol in blood was high in the morning and evening and was low in the afternoon. In a normal condition, the concentration of cortisol in blood was $1.4{\mu}g/dL$, which increased to $4.98{\mu}g/dL$ after 1 hr of grooming, and then returned to normal at the termination of grooming. The survey shows that grooming acted as a stressor, which seems to have an influence on the health of dogs. So it is absolutely necessary that systematic and constant research should be conducted to reduce stress at the time of grooming.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 1981

The radioimmunoassay of human thyrtropin was performed in various thyroid diseases, using the antin-h-TSH antibody (Daiichi, Japan) and purified h-TSH(Biodata, Italy). $^{125}I$ labelling of h-TSH was performed using a small amount $(1.8{\mu}g)$ of chloramin-T as an oxidant at room temperature. This new method facilitated uniform labelling and reduced to damage of h-TSH by chloramin-T, and satisfactory radioimmunoasasy results were obtained with $^{125}I-TSH$ prepared by the new method until at least 7 weeks after preparation, The assay sensitivity was $1.0{\mu}u/ml$. The coefficient of variances in within assay and interrun assay were all less than 10% among the range of $1.25{\mu}u/ml$ and $160{\mu}u/ml$. The serum TSH values by this new method were colsely related to those by commercial kit (r= 0.996).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 1985

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of unilateral ovariectomy on the weight of the remaining ovary, the change of number of ovarian follicle, number of corpus luteum and serum progesterone level. Sixty Sprague-Dawley female rats, 23$\pm$2 days old, were divided into 2 groups (control and unilaterally ovariectomized goup) with 30 heads per groups. Each group was again subdivided into 6 groups according to 6 experimental periods; Day 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 after uniteral ovariectomy. Five arts at every 4 day intervals were sacrificed for the measuring of ovarian weight and for quantitative histologic examination of ovary and at the same time, blood samples were taken for the determination of serum progesterone level of radioimmunoassy. The results obtained were as follows: During the experimental periods, a significant hypertrophy occured in the remaining ovary of unilaterally ovariectomized group from day 16 after operation. The average ovarian weight of control group at day 16 was 21.0$\pm$1.7mg, which is samller than that of unilaterally ovariectomized group weighing 50.5$\pm$8.4mg(P<0.01). The ovarian weight of the unilaterally ovariectomized rats at day 20 and day 24 was 75.9$\pm$2.2 mg and 63.3$\pm$7.0 mg, which is heavier than those of control group; 29.1$\pm$2.3 and 26.3$\pm$1.7 mg(P<0.01 and P<0.01). 2. A same degree of ovarian follicle development was observed in the unilaterally ovariectomized group. Following unilateral ovariectomy and there was no change in total number of follicles larger than 130$\mu$ during the period from day 4 till day 24 after operation. 3. Although the size fo ovarian follicle did not significantly change between two groups from day 4 till day 16, the size of vesicular follicle in unilaterally ovariectomized group (406.3$\pm$26.2$\mu$) was significantly greater as compared to that of control group (323.8$\pm$19.3$\mu$)(P<0.05). 4. Corpus luteum in unilaterally ovariectomized and control group began to a, pp.ar from day 16 after operation and then the number of corpus luteum slightly increased. The number of corpus luteum in unilaterally ovariectomized group at day 24 ws remarkably increased (13.7$\pm$1.41) than that of control (5.2$\pm$2.01)(P<0.01). 5. Serum progesterone levels in unilaterally ovariectomized group were slightly higher than those of control but there were no significant difference between treatment groups.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.263-274
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• 1993

Potassium $(K^+)$ channels are present in airway smooth muscle cells, and their activation results in hyperpolarization and relaxation. Because these effects may have therapeutic relevance to hypersensitivity and asthma, we examined the effect of a potassium channel activator, cromakalim (BRL 34915, CK) on the release of mediators from superfused tracheal and parenchymal strips after passive sensitization with $IgG_1$ antibody. Both tissues were superfused with CK $(2{\times}10^{-6}\;M)$ for 30 min and challenged with CK and antigen (Ox-HSA). Using monodispersed, partially purified, highly purified guinea pig lung mast cells, we also examined the effect of CK on mediator release from these cells after passive sensitization with $IgG_{1}$ antibody $({\alpha}-OA)$. Guinea pig lung mast cells were purified using enzyme digestion method, count current elutriation, and discontinuous Percoll density gradient. After CK pretreatment, passively sensitized mast cells were challenged with varying concentration of antigen (OA, immunological stimuli) or with varying concentration of calcium ionophore (CaI, non-immunological stimuli). Histamine (Hist) release was determined by spectrophotofluorometry, and leukotrienes (LT) by radioimmunoassy. CK pretreatment decreased Hist by 35% and LT release by 40% in the antigen-induced tracheal tissue after $IgG_1$ sensitization but did not decrease the contractile response. In the antigen-induced parenchymal tissue CK decreased Hist release by 25% but poorly decreased LT. Both immunologic and non-immunologic stimuli caused a dose-dependent release of Hist and LT from monodispersed, partially purified and highly purified lung mast cells. Verification of LT release was obtained by the use of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, A64077 (Zileuton). CK decreased Hist and LT release by 20% respectively in the OA-induced guinea pig lung mast cells after $IgG_1$ sensitization. The inhibitory effects of CK on the Hist and LT release in the Ox-HSA-induced airway smooth muscle tissues or in the OA-induced and CaI-induced mast cells after $IgG_1$ sensitization were completely blocked by TEA and GBC. These studies show that guinea pig lung mast cells seem to be an important contributor to LT release, and that CK (which has been known as an airway smooth muscle relaxant) can in part act to inhibit mediator release in the antigen-induced airway smooth muscle, and that CK may also act to inhibit mediator release in the OA-induced and CaI-induced highly purified mast cells. These results suggest that Hist and LT release evoked by mast cell activation might in part be associated with $K{^+}4 channel activity.