• 제목/요약/키워드: Radiation technique

검색결과 1,286건 처리시간 0.031초

아트리움 공간의 수직공기온도분포 계산을 위한 수학모형의 작성 (Mathematical Modeling for Calculating the Vertical Air Temperature Distribution in an Atrium Space)

  • 박종수;안병욱
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.533-542
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    • 2003
  • This study aims to propose a simplified mathematical model for calculating vertical air temperature distribution in a four-sided atrium. In the first stage of the mathematical modeling, the computer model combined zonal model and solar radiation model using Monte Carlo method and Ray tracing technique went through a computer simulation with architectural variables applied to a four-sided atrium in summer. In the next stage, Curve Expert, a computer program that gets the most suitable solution ac-cording to the least squares method, is used to analyze the results of the computer simulation and to derive the mathematical model. The accuracy of the mathematical model was evaluated through a comparison of calculation results from a mathematical model and computer simulation. In this validation step using the least square method, the R2 value of the Zones 1, 2 and 3 showed higher than 0.945. Zone 4 has an R2 value of 0.911, lower than the previous three zones. However the relative error was below 0.5%, which is considered very small.

Raman scattering Wings of Hydrogen in Active Galactic Nuclei

  • Chang, Seok-Jun;Heo, Jeong-Eun;Di Mille, Francesco;Angeloni, Rodolfo;Palma, Tali;Hong, Chae-Lin;Lee, Hee-Won
    • 천문학회보
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.48.1-48.1
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    • 2015
  • Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are powered by a supermassive black hole with an accretion disk and exhibit prominent broad and narrow emission lines. The unification model AGNs requires the presence of a geometrically and optically thick torus component that hides the broad line region from observers lying in the equatorial direction. The strong far UV radiation characterizing AGN spectra is expected to be scattered inelastically in the torus region to reappear around hydrogen Balmer lines or Paschen lines in the form of broad wings. Adopting a Monte Carlo technique we produce broad wings around $H{\alpha}$, $H{\beta}$ and $Pa{\alpha}$ that are formed through Raman scattering. The widths of the wings are mainly affected by the neutral column density of the torus, and the overall strengths are primarily determined by the covering factor and the column density of the neutral region. It is concluded that deep spectroscopy of AGNs of broad wings around hydrogen emission lines may shed much light on the AGN unification model.

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PCB 선로에서 복사되는 불요전자파를 억제하기 위한 기술 (The EMI Suppression Technology for Radiated Emissions from PCB Traces)

  • 박이섭;이중근
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제11권7호
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    • pp.1121-1127
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    • 2000
  • PCB에서의 불요전자파 복사를 줄이기 위하여 많은 방법들이 이용되고 있으나, 본 논문에서는 영상평면을 적용하여 불요 전자파 복사를 줄이는 방법을 제시하였다. PCB에서의 영상평면 효과를 해석하기 위한 모델을 제시하였으며, FEM(Finite Element Method)으로 시뮬레이션을 한 후, 전계 프로브를 사용하여 불요 전자파의 세기를 측정하였다. 그 결과 PCB에서 복사되는 불요전자파의 세기는 영상평면의 폭과 간격에 따라 다르게 나타나며 측정한 결과와 시뮬레이션 결과가 유사한 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 PCB에서 복사되는 불요전자파를 억제하기 위하여 영상평면을 적절히 사용한다면 EMI 저감 대책면에서 효과적이라는 것을 알 수 있었다.

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Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Measuring Soil Properties

  • Ryu, Kwan-Shig;Kim, Bok-Jin;Park, Woo-Churl;Cho, Rae-Kwang
    • Near Infrared Analysis
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.37-41
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this research was to develop a the reflection technique with near infrared (NIR) radiation for estimating soil components. NIR reflectance was scanned at 2nm intervals from 1100 to 2500nm with an InfraAlyzer 500 (Bran & Luebbe Co.). Over 400 soil sample from fields of different crops and land-use over Youngnam and Honam regions were used to obtain mean diffuse reflection of the soil for the calibration and validation of the calibration set in estimating moisture, organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen (T-N) of the soils. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to evaluate the correlation of NIR spectroscopy method. Reflection pattern of NIR spectra for finely sized sample (<0.5mm) and coarsely sized soil(<2mm) did not show much difference. The results showed that NIR spectroscopy and coarsely sized soil (<2mm) did not show much difference. The results showed that NIR spectroscopy could be used as a routine soil testing method in estimating OM, moisture, T-N in soil samples simultaneously.

The Detection of Yellow Sand Dust Using the Infrared Hybrid Algorithm

  • Kim, Jae-Hwan;Ha, Jong-Sung;Lee, Hyun-Jin
    • 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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    • pp.370-373
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    • 2005
  • We have developed Hybrid algorithm for yellow sand detection. Hybrid algorithm is composed of three methods using infrared bands. The first method used the differential absorption in brightness temperature difference between $11\mu m\;and\;12\mu m$ (BID _1), through which help distinguish the yellow sand from various meteorological clouds. The second method uses the brightness temperature difference between $3.7\mu m\;and\;11\mu m$ (BID_2). The technique would be most sensitive to dust loading during the day when the BID _2 is enhanced by reflection of $3.7\mu m$ solar radiation. The third one is a newly developed algorithm from our research, the so-called surface temperature variation method (STY). We have applied the three methods to MODIS for derivation of the yellow sand dust and in conjunction with the Principle Component Analysis (PCA), a form of eigenvector statistical analysis. PCI shows better results for yellow sand detection in comparison with the results from individual method. The comparison between PCI and MODIS aerosols optical depth (AOD) shows remarkable good correlations during daytime and relatively good correlations over the land.

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제 1차 한.중 생명공학 심포지움 (Practice of industrial strain improvement)

  • Lei, Zhao-zu
    • 미생물과산업
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.34-41
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    • 1993
  • Industrial strain improvement is concerned with developing or modifying microorganisms used in production of commercially important fermentation products. The aim is to reduce the production cost by improving productivity of a strain and manipulating specific characteristics such as the ability to utilize cheaper raw materials or resist bacteriophages. The traditional empirical approach to strain improvement is mutation combined with selection and breeding techniques. It is still used by us to improve the productivity of organisms in amino acids, organic acids and enzymes production. The breeding of high L-lysine-producing strain Au112 is one of the outstanding examples of this approach. It is a homoserine auxotroph with AEC, TA double metabolic analogue resistant markers. The yield reaches 100 g/l. Besides, the citric acid-producing organism Aspergillus niger, Co827, its productivity reaches the advanced level in the world, is also the result of a series mutations especially with $^60Co{\gamma}$-radiation. The thermostable .alpha.-amylase producing strain A 4041 is the third example. By combining physical and chemical mutations, the strain A 4041 becomes an asporogenous, catabolite derepressed mutant with rifamycin resistant and methionine, arginine auxotroph markers. The .alpha.-amylase activity reaches 200 units/ml. The fourth successful example of mutation in strain improvement is the glucoamylase-producing strain Aspergillus niger SP56, its enzyme activity is 20,000 units/ml, 4 times of that of the parental strain UV-11. Recently, recombinant DNA approach provides a worthwhile alternative strategy to industrial strain improvement. This technique had been used by us to increase the thermostable .alpha.-amylase production and on some genetic researches.

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가속 방사광을 활용한 Fe함유 Al-Si-Cu 주조용 합금의 응고과정 실시간 관찰 및 분석 (Real-time Observation and Analysis of Solidification Sequence of Fe-Rich Al-Si-Cu Casting Alloy by Synchrotron X-ray Radiography)

  • 김봉환;이상환;야스다 히데유키;이상목
    • 한국주조공학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.100-110
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    • 2010
  • The solidification sequence and formation of intermetallic phase of Fe-rich Al-Si-Cu alloy were investigated by using real-time imaging of synchrotron X-ray radiation. Effects of cooling rate during uni-directional solidification on the resultant solidification behavior was also studied in a specially constructed vacuum chamber in the SPring-8 facility. The series of radiographic images were complementarily analyzed with conventional analysis of OM and SEM/EDX for phase identification. Detailed solidification sequence and formation mechanisms of various phases were discussed based on real-time image analysis. The growth rates of $\alpha$-AlFeMnSi and ${\beta}-Al_5FeSi$ were measured in order to understand the growth behavior of each phase. It is suggested that real-time imaging technique can be a powerful tool for the precise understanding of solidification behavior of various industrial materials.

Calculating Array Patterns Using an Active Element Pattern Method with Ground Edge Effects

  • Lee, Sun-Gyu;Lee, Jeong-Hae
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.175-181
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    • 2018
  • The array patterns of a patch array antenna were calculated using an active element pattern (AEP) method that considers ground edge effects. The classical equivalent radiation model of the patch antenna, which is characterized by two radiating slots, was adopted, and the AEPs that include mutual coupling were precisely calculated using full-wave simulated S-parameters. To improve the accuracy of the calculation, the edge diffraction of a ground plane was incorporated into AEP using the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction. The array patterns were then calculated on the basis of the computed AEPs. The array patterns obtained through the conventional AEP approach and the AEP method that takes ground edge effects into account were compared with the findings derived through full-wave simulations conducted using a High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and FEKO software. Results showed that the array patterns calculated using the proposed AEP method are more accurate than those derived using the conventional AEP technique, especially under a small number of array elements or under increased steering angles.

섬광계를 이용한 비균질 도시 지표에서의 현열속 산정 (LAS-Derived Determination of Surface-Layer Sensible Heat Flux over a Heterogeneous Urban Area)

  • 이상현
    • 대기
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.193-203
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    • 2015
  • A large aperture scintillometer (LAS) was deployed with an optical path length of 2.1 km to estimate turbulent sensible heat flux (${\mathcal{Q}}_H$) over a highly heterogeneous urban area. Scintillation measurements were conducted during cold season in November and December 2013, and the daytime data of 14 days were used in the analysis after quality control processes. The LAS-derived ${\mathcal{Q}}_H$ show reasonable temporal variation ranging $20{\sim}160W\;m^{-2}$ in unstable atmospheric conditions, and well compare with the measured net radiation. The LAS footprint analysis suggests that ${\mathcal{Q}}_H$ can be relatively high when the newly built-up urban area has high source contribution of the turbulent flux in the study area ('northwesterly winds'). Sensitivity tests show that the LAS-derived ${\mathcal{Q}}_H$ are highly sensitive to non-dimensional similarity function for temperature structure function parameter, but relatively less sensitive to surface aerodynamic parameters and meteorological variables (temperature and wind speed). A lower Bowen ratio also has a significant influence on the flux estimation. Overall uncertainty of the estimated daytime ${\mathcal{Q}}_H$ is expected within about 20% at an upper limit for the analysis data. It is also found that stable atmospheric conditions can be poorly determined when the scintillometry technique is applied over the highly heterogeneous urban area.

X선자동노출(X線自動露出) 제어장치(制御裝置)에 관한 검토(檢討) (Evaluation of Automatic Exposure Control Systems)

  • 김정민;김건중;허준
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.23-28
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    • 1991
  • Automatic exposure control systems are now readily available and widly used in radiography. A device that automatically determines the amount of radiation required to produce an acceptable level of film blackness is called a phototimer, or automatic exposure control. There are limitations in the use of phototimers ; however, equipment can be used much more effectively if one recognize these limitations, and the goal of obtaining a properly exposed, reproducible radiography can be achieved. We have some results in this experimental study. The variations of film density due to kVp are in propotion to below 80 kVp range. But indicate constant level above 80 kVp to 120 kVp. The characteristic density variation by phantom thickness shows the higher the thiner in exit type. AEC system have a density control that is designed to make adjustments increase or decreas the density 10% per step or 25% per step. The automatic exposure control circuits must meet the several regulations of the HEW. Some forms of technique chart is recomened for use of AEC.

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