• 혜화의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2011

Backgrounds: Multidisciplinary approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are currently being performed to target various cancers in Western Medicine. However, some cancers still remain difficult to battle, which has long attracted many scientists for the discovery of new agents to fight cancers. Ginseng is one of the herbs used in Oriental Medicine including Korea, China and Japan. We have further investigated ginseng for its anticancer effect. Objective: This is a comprehensive review summary of anticancer effect of ginseng and ginsenoids as a possible agent for future cancer treatment. Methods: Data were retrieved from two web sites; www.pubmed.com and www.riss.kr, and authorized texts concerning anticancer effects of ginseng. From collected data, information on anticancer effect of ginseng was thoroughly sorted, restructured, then assessed. Results: Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer belongs to Araliaceae Panax family, a perennial prairie plant with its root known as Ginseng Radix. Ginseng induces anticancer effect through cell cycle arrest, acceleration of apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, and suppression of metastasis. Anticancer effect of ginseng may be due to single compound or multi-compound actions. Many studies report involvement of immune mechanisms of cytokines, Natural Killer (NK) cells, macrophages and some antibodies in enhancing anticancer effect of ginseng. In near future, possibility of applying these mechanisms into clinical trials is convinced. There were some important findings on saponin in ginsenoids in reviewing for this article; First, eradication of metastatic tumors were influenced by macrophage activation. Second, suppression of malignant melanoma cell metastasis to lung were induced by macrophage and NK cell activation in spleen with red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP). Third, final metabolites of M1, M4 had exerted anticancer effect of ginseng. Conclusion: Unknown anticancer mechanisms of ginseng have been studied for many years up until now. Ginseng is comprised of multiple bio-chemical compounds that create complex pharmaceutical interactions. Therefore, for its proper usage and safe prescription, studies on different types of ginseng and patients' susceptibility to ginseng according to their constitution and stages of the disease should be further pursued. More efforts are needed to understand the anticancer mechanisms of ginseng as well.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5553-5565
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• 2013

Plants play important roles in human life not only as suppliers of oxygen but also as a fundamental resource to sustain the human race on this earthly plane. Plants also play a major role in our nutrition by converting energy from the sun during photosynthesis. In addition, plants have been used extensively in traditional medicine since time immemorial. Information in the biomedical literature has indicated that many natural herbs have been investigated for their efficacy against lethal irradiation. Pharmacological studies by various groups of investigators have shown that natural herbs possess significant radioprotective activity. In view of the immense medicinal importance of natural product based radioprotective agents, this review aims at compiling all currently available information on radioprotective agents from medicinal plants and herbs, especially the evaluation methods and mechanisms of action. In this review we particularly emphasize on ethnomedicinal uses, botany, phytochemistry, mechanisms of action and toxicology. We also describe modern techniques for evaluating herbal samples as radioprotective agents. The usage of herbal remedies for combating lethal irradiation is a green anti-irradiation approach for the betterment of human beings without high cost, side effects and toxicity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.867-870
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• 2014

Purpose: This study used receiver operating characteristic curve to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) ependymoma data to identify predictive models and potential disparity in outcome. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed socio-economic, staging and treatment factors available in the SEER database for ependymoma. For the risk modeling, each factor was fitted by a Generalized Linear Model to predict the outcome ('brain and other nervous systems' specific death in yes/no). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was computed. Similar strata were combined to construct the most parsimonious models. A random sampling algorithm was used to estimate the modeling errors. Risk of ependymoma death was computed for the predictors for comparison. Results: A total of 3,500 patients diagnosed from 1973 to 2009 were included in this study. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 79.8 (82.3) months. Some 46% of the patients were female. The mean (S.D.) age was 34.4 (22.8) years. Age was the most predictive factor of outcome. Unknown grade demonstrated a 15% risk of cause specific death compared to 9% for grades I and II, and 36% for grades III and IV. A 5-tiered grade model (with a ROC area 0.48) was optimized to a 3-tiered model (with ROC area of 0.53). This ROC area tied for the second with that for surgery. African-American patients had 21.5% risk of death compared with 16.6% for the others. Some 72.7% of patient who did not get RT had cerebellar or spinal ependymoma. Patients undergoing surgery had 16.3% risk of death, as compared to 23.7% among those who did not have surgery. Conclusion: Grading ependymoma may dramatically improve modeling of data. RT is under used for cerebellum and spinal cord ependymoma and it may be a potential way to improve outcome.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.311-314
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• 2003

감마선 조사기술을 이용하여 계란의 알러지성을 감소시키기 위한 실증 연구의 일환으로 감마선 조사된 난백을 함유한 cake의 물성 학적, 관능적 품질을 평가하였다. 전란에서 난백을 분리한 후 10과 20 kGy의 흡수선량을 받도록 감마선을 조사하였다. 감마선 조사된 난백을 첨가한 white layer cake, poundcake와 sponge cake를 제조하여 시험하였다. 10과 20 kGy로조사한 난백을 첨가하여 제조한 모든 제품에서 경도가 높은 것이 관찰되었다. 저 장 중 감마선 조사된 난백을 함유한 pound cake와 sponge cake의 노화가 지연되어 물성 학적 저 장성 측면에서 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 감마선 조사된 난백이 cake의 관능적 품질에 미치는 영향은 제품의 특성에 따라 다르게 나타났고, 모든 처리구에서 방사선 불쾌취(off-odor)가 관찰되어서 제품 제조시 관능적인 품질을 유지하기 위한 적절한 방법이 이용되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.159-175
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• 2003

During the early stage of radioactive disposal programs, important issues related with quality assurance of data sets, methodologies, R&D procedures are recognized as important ones. This paper focused on the development of web-based workflow standards for the QA procedures of the radioactive waste disposal programs. The flow of process was analyzed based on workflow concepts proposed by the Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC). QA system is based on the principles of T2R3. T2R3 Workflow was used to standardize and restructure the business and/or work process in the industry or organization. The WfMC has identified five functional interfaces to a workflow service as part of its standardization program. They are composed of process definition interface, worklist handler, application program interface, interface between workflows, and system management. The task flow and QA program were defined based on the workflow ideas. QA procedures for the R&D results of radiation disoposal were analyzed following the reference model of workflow. In addition, six program run list were created and implemented. The creation, revision, and approval of the test data were designed to be inplemented on the web environment. Through this system, R&D procedures such as planning, research, documentation, internal review and future independent peer review processes could be well organized and stored more systematically on the database and knowledge base. This will encourage the usage and data sharing between interested parties through it's clear and transparent workflow standards.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.419-430
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• 1995

There is a need to investigate folk remedies used by patients with breast cancer because there is little information about the subject, even though many Korean women with breast cancer have used folk remedies during and after their treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the phenomena and the meaning of folk remedies in order to better understand patients with breast cancer and to suggest directions for comprehensive nursing care. The Questions for the study were as follows What kinds of folk remedies do patients with breast cancer use\ulcorner What are the routes of knowing about folk remedies in patients with breast cancer\ulcorner What are the patterns of the usage of the folk remedies\ulcorner Why do patients with breast cancer use folk remedies\ulcorner What are the meanings of folk remedies to patients with breast cancer\ulcorner To answer these questions, a qualitative research method was used. Thirty-nine patients were recruited from university teaching hospitals from March, 1993 to November 1994. Many of them underwent either modified radical mastectomy or received various adjuvant therapy including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. Data were collected by in-depth interviews, observations, medical records, and analyzed step-by-step using qualitative analysis. The results were as follows : 1. Patients with breast cancer have used many different kinds of folk remedies. 2. Patients with breast cancer did not know the exact effects of the folk remedies. Also the effects could not be exactly proven by the patients. 3. Patients with breast cancer received information about many kinds of folk remedies through various communication systems, such as other patients, their families and relatives, friends, and many types of mass media. 4. To use the folk remedies was one kind of illness behavior that was used by these patients. 5. Folk remedies were used to deal with not only anxiety by the patients themselves but also as the expression of affection and concern by families and relatives. 6. The use of folk remedies was one of the adaptation behaviors in patients with breast cancer whose disease was in the terminal stage. Based on the above findings, one suggestion was made : To continue further studies on folk remedies used by other patients with cancer in order to further explain health and illness behavior of Korean people.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2001

This study was performed to identify the current status of work environment management and to provide appropriate recommendations for small scale industry with less than 5 workers from September, 2000 to October, 2000 in Seoul city and Gyoung-gi province. The 211 companies were surveyed by checklist included the elements of management of work environment, hazardous chemicals, MSDS, personal protective equipment, and ventilation system. The proportion of metal products manufacturing and printing industries are 25.6 % and 22.3%, respectively. The daily working hours in printing industry is longer than others. The industries that produce potentially hazardous agents, such as noise, dust, metal, organic solvents, radiation and chemical material are pulp, plating, machinery, and printing, respectively. In above industries, only 2.8 % of those recognised and had MSDS. The proportion of companies providing fire extinguishers, safety showers are found to be 13.3 %, 7.1 %, respectively. Only 24.2 % of companies provided personal protective equipment to the workers. The ventilation system was operated in most of companies. But local exhaust ventilation system is provided to 22.3 % of those, also had not been annually inspected. This study showed that the current status of occupational safety and health was not appropriate for workers in small scale industries. It is suggested that annual physical examination have to be performed, MSDS usage must become widespread, and employer and emplyees in small scale industry should be educated for the treatment and storage of hazardous chemicals to improve the occupational safety and health of the working environment. also, regulatory standard has to be applied to local exhaust ventilation system in small scale industry to improve the working condition.

• 센서학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.320-325
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• 2021

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) methods are conventional analytical methods to analyze water quality. Both of these methods are technically indirect measurement methods, require complicated preconditions, and are time-consuming. On the other hand, the total organic carbon (TOC) method is a direct and fast measurement method which is more intuitive and accurate than the BOD and COD methods. However, general TOC analysis methods involve complicated processes and high power consumption owing to the process of phase transition from liquid to gas by a high-temperature heater. Furthermore, periodic consumables are also required for the removal of inorganic carbon (IC). Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is one of the most suitable photocatalysts for simple processes. Its usage involves low power consumption because it only reacts with the organic carbon (OC) without the requirement of any other reagents and extra processes. We investigated a TiO₂ photocatalyst-based TOC analysis for simple and affordable products. TiO₂-coated fiber substrate maintained under carbon included water was exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation of wavelength 365 nm. This method is suitable for the real-time monitoring of water pollution because of its fast reaction time. Its linear property is also sufficient to match the real value.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.481-487
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• 2020

Radiation measurement technology has steadily improved and its usage is expanding in various industries such as nuclear medicine, security search, satellite, nondestructive testing, environmental industries and the domain of nuclear power plants (NPPs). Especially, the simultaneous measurements of gamma rays and neutrons can be even more critical for nuclear safety management of spent nuclear fuel and monitoring of the nuclear material. A semiconductor detector comprising cadmium, zinc, and tellurium (CZT) enables to detect gamma-rays due to the significant atomic weight of the elements via immediate neutron and gamma-ray detection. Semiconductor sensors might be used for nuclear safety management by monitoring nuclear materials and spent nuclear fuel with high spatial resolution as well as providing real-time measurements. We aim to introduce a portable nuclide-analysis device that enables the simultaneous measurements of neutrons and gamma rays using a CZT sensor. The detector has a high density and wide energy band gap, and thus exhibits highly sensitive physical characteristics and characteristics are required for performing neutron and gamma-ray detection. Portable nuclide-analysis device is used on NPP-decommissioning sites or the purpose of nuclear nonproliferation, it will rapidly detect the nuclear material and provide radioactive-material information. Eventually, portable nuclide-analysis device can reduce measurement time and economic costs by providing a basis for rational decision making.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

본 연구는 X선 진단장치의 고압정류방식이 그리드 성능을 측정하는 선택도(selectivity)와 대조도 향상능력(contrast improvement ability : K factor)에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 산란선 함유율을 측정하였다. 정류방식이 서로 다른 X선발생장치를 대상으로 각 장치의 관전압과, 관전류량을 측정하여 출력선량의 정확도를 측정 및 교정한 후 각 장치별 노출조건을 동일하게 설정하고 형광량계를 이용하여 아크릴을 투과한 X선의 산란선 함유율을 측정하였다. Grid 미사용 시 피사체를 투과한 X선의 산란선 함유율 측정 결과는 단상정류방식장치에서 가장 낮은 함유율(34.158%)이 측정되었고, 인버터 정류방식(37.043%)과 삼상24피크 정류방식(37.447%)은 산란선 함유율이 증가하였다. 각 장치들의 산란선 함유율 차이는 최저 0.404%에서 최고 3.289%의 차이를 보였다. 8:1 Gird 사용 시 피사체를 투과한 X선의 산란선 함유율을 측정한 결과는 단상정류방식장치에서 가장 낮은 함유율(18.258%)로 측정되었고, 인버터정류방식(25.502%)과 삼상24피크정류방식에서 산란선 함유율(24.217%)이 증가하였다. 그리드 선택도에 따라 단상정류방식과 정전압(인버터와 삼상24피크)정류방식에서 산란선함유율의 차이는 최저 1.285%에서 최고 7.244%의 차이를 보였다. 통계분석 결과 단상정류방식 및 정전압정류방식에서 대조도 향상계수(K factor)에서도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론적으로 그리드 선택도와 대조도 향상계수는 정전압정류방식보다는 단상전파방식에서 모두 증가하여 그리드의 사용으로 선택도 향상과 대조도의 개선효과가 증가함을 알 수 있었다.