• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2017

Concerns about high radiation exposure to the hands of radiation workers who may contact with radioactive contamination on surfaces in a nuclear power plant (NPP) had been raised, and the Korean regulatory body required the extremity dose estimation during contact tasks with radioactive materials. Korean NPPs conducted field tests to identify the incident radiation to the hands of radiation workers who may contact with radioactive contamination during maintenance periods. The results showed that the radiation fields for contact tasks are dominated by high energy photons. It was also found that the radiation doses to the hands of radiation workers in Korean NPPs were much less than the annual dose limits for extremities. This approach can be applicable to measure and estimate the extremity dose to the hands of medical workers who handle the radioactive materials in a hospital.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.101-104
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• 2016

Background: To protect the public from natural radioactive materials, the 'Act on safety control of radioactive rays around living environment" was established in Korea. There is an annual effective dose limit of 1 mSv for products, but the activity concentration limit for products is not established yet. Materials and Methods: To suggest the activity concentration limits for consumer goods containing NORM, in this research, we assumed the "small room model" surrounding the ICRP reference phantom to simulate the consumer goods in contact with the human bodies. Using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX, we evaluate the effective dose rate for the ICRP reference phantom in a small room with dimension of phantom size and derived the activity concentration limit for consumer goods. Results and Discussion: The consumer goods have about 1600, 1200 and $19000Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ for $^{226}Ra$, $^{232}Th$ and $^{40}K$, and the activity concentration limits are about six times comparing with the values of building materials. We applied the index to real samples, though we did not consider radioactivity of $^{40}K$, indexes of the some samples are more than 6. However, this index concept using small room model is very conservative, for the consumer goods over than index 6, it is necessary to reevaluate the absorbed dose considering real usage scenario and material characteristics. Conclusion: In this research, we derived activity concentration limits for consumer goods in contact with bodies and the results can be used as preliminary screening tool for consumer goods as index concept.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2010

Fixed radiation portal monitors (RPMs) deployed at border, seaport, airport and key traffic checkpoints have played an important role in preventing the illicit trafficking and transport of nuclear and radioactive materials. However, the RPM is usually large and heavy and can't easily be moved to different locations. These reasons motivate us to develop a mobile radiation detection system. The objective of this paper is to report our experience on developing the mobile radiation detection system for search and detection of nuclear and radioactive materials during road transport. Field tests to characterize the developed detection system were performed at various speeds and distances between the radioactive isotope (RI) transporting car and the measurement car. Results of measurements and detection limits of our system are described in this paper. The mobile radiation detection system developed should contribute to defending public's health and safety and the environment against nuclear and radiological terrorism by detecting nuclear or radioactive material hidden illegally in a vehicle.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.243-253
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• 2021

In the dismantling process of a reactor coolant system (RCS) piping, a radiation protection plan should be established to minimize the radiation exposure doses of dismantling workers. Hence, it is necessary to estimate the individual effective dose in the RCS piping dismantling process when decommissioning a nuclear power plant. In this study, the radiation exposure doses of the dismantling workers at different positions was estimated using the MicroShield dose assessment program based on the NUREG/CR-1595 report. The individual effective dose, which is the sum of the effective dose to each tissue considering the working time, was used to estimate the radiation exposure dose. The estimations of the simulation results for all RCS piping dismantling tasks satisfied the dose limits prescribed by the ICRP-60 report. In dismantling the RCS piping of the Kori-1 or Wolsong-1 units in South Korea, the estimation and reduction method for the radiation exposure dose, and the simulated results of this study can be used to implement the radiation safety for optimal dismantling by providing information on the radiation exposure doses of the dismantling workers.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2024

Purpose: Given the growing use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, this study assessed radiation exposure from these scans in the context of national guidelines and recommended dose limits. Materials and Methods: The current literature was reviewed to quantify the benefit of opportunistic diagnosis of carotid artery calcification relative to the potential risk of radiation-induced cancer. Results: The average radiation from CBCT at its largest field of view and highest resolution possible amounts to a reasonable but still low ionizing radiation exposure. This exposure is comparable to 22 days of background radiation and is notably lower than the radiation exposure from medical CT scans. According to the risk assessment analysis, the risk of stroke events involving internal and external carotid artery calcification (CAC) was 202 and 67 per 100,000 individuals, respectively. In contrast, the estimated risk of radiation-induced cancer associated with CBCT was notably lower, at 0.6 per 100,000. Conclusion: The present study advocates for a comprehensive assessment of CBCT scans encompassing the areas of the internal and external carotid arteries by a knowledgeable professional, given the potential advantages of early detection of vascular abnormalities. Dental professionals who take scans involving these areas need to be mindful of reporting these findings and refer patients to their primary care physician for further investigation.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2024

The concrete silo dry storage system, which has been in operation at the Wolsong NPP site since 1992, consists of a concrete structure, a steel liner plate in the inner space, and a fuel basket. The silo system's concrete structure must maintain structural integrity as well as adequate radiation shielding performance against the high radioactivity of spent nuclear fuel stored inside the storage system. The concrete structure is directly exposed to the external climatic environment in the storage facility and can be expected to deteriorate over time owing to the heat of spent nuclear fuel, as well as particularly cracks in the concrete structure. These cracks may reduce the radiation shielding performance of the concrete structure, potentially exceeding the silo system's allowable radiation dose rate limits. For specimens with the same composition and physical properties as silo's concrete structures, cracks were forcibly generated and then irradiated to measure the change in radiation dose rate to examine the effect of cracks in concrete structures on radiation shielding performance, and in the current state, the silo system maintains radiation shielding performance.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 AAPM TG-119 보고서를 통해 본원에 도입된 세기조절방사선치료(IMRT)와 부피적세기조절회전치료(VMAT)의 치료 전 환자별 정도관리(patient specific QA)를 시행하고자 하였다. 본원의 치료계획장치를 이용해 각각의 치료계획을 수립하여 절대선량은 표적 및 위험장기에 전리함을 이용해 측정하였고 상대선량분포는 $DELTA^{4PT}bi$-planar diode array를 사용하여 측정하였다. 치료계획의 평가는 선량체적히스토그램을 이용하였고 선량검증은 측정값과 계산값을 비교하여 시행하였다. 치료계획평가에서 전립선의 경우에는 두 치료법 모두 표적과 위험장기의 목표선량에 도달하였으며 두경부와 Multi target의 경우, 세기조절방사선치료는 표적에서는 목표선량에 도달하지 못하였지만 부피적세기조절 회전치료는 표적과 위험장기 모두 목표선량에 도달하였다. C-shape(easy)은 두 치료법이 표적과 위험장기 모두 목표선량에 도달하였고, C-shape(hard)의 경우엔, 두 치료법이 표적에서는 목표선량에 도달하였으나 위험장기에서는 목표선량에 도달하지 못하였다. 절대선량평가에서는 세기조절방사선치료의 경우 평균오차율의 평균값이 표적에서 $1.24{\pm}2.06%$, 위험장기에서 $1.4{\pm}2.9%$였고 신뢰구간은 표적에서 3.65%, 위험장기에서 4.39%였다. 부피적세기조절회전치료는 평균오차율의 평균값이 표적에서 $2.06{\pm}0.64%$, 위험장기에서 $2.21{\pm}0.74%$ 였고 신뢰구간은 표적에서 4.09%, 위험장기에서 3.04%로 두 치료법 모두 제안된 허용기준인 표적에서 4.5%, 위험장기에서 4.7% 이내였다. 상대선량평가에서는 세기조절방사선치료의 경우 허용기준을 통과하는 감마인덱스의 평균값은 $98.3{\pm}1.5%$였고 신뢰구간은 3.78%였다. 부피적세기조절회전치료의 경우엔 평균값이 $98.2{\pm}1.1%$였고 신뢰구간은 3.95%로 두 치료법 모두 제안된 허용기준인 7.0% 이내였다. 따라서 이번 연구에서 실시한 시험을 통해 본원의 세기조절방사선치료와 부피적세기조절회전치료가 보고서에서 제안된 허용기준에 모두 부합하고 사용에 적합함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제10권E호
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• pp.299-302
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• 1994

At a nuclear power plant, environmental radioactivity monitoring is routine work for the radiation safety management For the environmental monitoring of tritium($^3$H) activity in water sampled liquid scintillation counting( LSC) method is applied to measure low- energy beta activity from tritium in the samples. The $^3$H activity is measured using the BECKMAN 5801 system at the KRISS( Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science) for evaluating the lower limits of detection( LLD) of $^3$H measurement and the measuring capability of low-level $^3$H activity at four nuclear Power Plant sites. The LSC systems used for low-level $^3$H activity measurements at the nuclear Power Plants are confirmed to satisfy throughout an intercomparison study under the experimental arrangements by the KRISS.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.533-540
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• 2022

Because of the massive development of nuclear power plants in China in recent years, China is facing the challenge of radioactive waste disposal. China has established complete regulatory requirements for radioactive waste disposal, but it also has encountered problems and challenges in low-level radioactive waste disposal in terms of management, selection of disposal facility sites, and implementation of a site selection plan. Three low-level radioactive waste disposal facilities that have been operated in China are described, and their activity limits, locations, and capacities are also outlined. The connotations of "regional" and "centralized" disposal policies are discussed in light of the characteristics of the radioactive waste. The characteristics and advantages of the regional and centralized disposal policies are compared. It is concluded that the regional disposal policy adopted in 1992 can no longer meet the current disposal needs, and China should adopt a combination of the two disposal policies to solve the problem of radioactive waste disposal.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.520-525
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• 2024

The optimization design problem of nuclear reactor radiation shield is a typical multi-objective optimization problem with almost 10 sub-objectives and the sub-objectives are always demanded to be under tolerable limits. In this paper, a design method combining multi-objective optimization algorithms with paralleling discrete ordinate transportation code is developed and applied to shield design of the Savannah nuclear reactor. Three approaches are studied for light-weighted and compact design of radiation shield. Comparing with directly optimization with 10 objectives and the single-objective optimization, the approach by setting sub-objectives representing weight and volume as optimization objectives while treating other sub-objectives as constraints has the best performance, which is more suitable to reactor shield design.