• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.42 no.9 s.339
• /
• pp.85-96
• /
• 2005

A ' Virtual Private Network (YPN) over Internet' has the benefits of being cost-effective and flexible. However, given the increasing demands for high bandwidth Internet and for reliable services in a 'VPN over Intemet,' an IP/GMPLS over DWDM backbone network is regarded as a very favorable approach for the future 'Optical VPN (OVPN)' due to the benefits of transparency and high data rate. Nevertheless, OVPN still has survivability issues such that a temporary fault can lose a large amount of data in seconds, moreover unauthorized physical attack can also be made on purpose to eavesdrop the network through physical components. Also, logical attacks can manipulate or stop the operation of GMPLS control messages and menace the network survivability of OVPN. Thus, network survivability in OVPN (i.e. fault/attack tolerant recovery mechanism considering physical structure and optical components, and secured transmission of GMPLS control messages) is rising as a critical issue. In this Paper, we propose a new path establishment scheme under shared risk link group (SRLG) constraint for physical network survivability. And we also suggest a new logical survivability management mechanism by extending resource reservation protocol-traffic engineering extension (RSVP-TE+) and link management protocol (LMP). Finally, according to the results of our simulation, the proposed algorithms are revealed more effective in the view point of survivability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2004.10c
• /
• pp.547-549
• /
• 2004

본 논문에서는 IP/MPLS 망에서 QoS 보장형 차별화 서비스 제공을 위한 Virtual Networking 구조를 제안한다. 제안한 구조에서는 멀티미디어 단말장치와 PE(Provider Edge) 사이에서 RSVP-TE를 이용한 signalling을 통해 연결설정을 요청하고 PE에서 CAC(Call Admission Control)가 이루어질 수 있도록 한다. 또한 provider network에서 일반 가입자에게 QoS 보장형 차별화 서비스를 제공해줄 수 있도록 Multiple Virtual Network을 구성하며, class-type별로 차별화된 virtual network을 구성하기 위해서 L-LSP를 PE간에 full-mesh 형태로 설정한다 본 논문에서 제안한 Virtual Networking을 통하며 망 사업자는 보다 효율적으로 망을 관리하며, 통신망 자원의 이용율을 극대화시키고 사용자들에게 QoS 보장형 차별화 서비스를 제공해주는 것이 가능하다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.436-438
• /
• 2004

인터넷 서비스에 QoS(Quality of Service)를 제공하면서 IP(Internet Protocol)의 유연성과 확장성을 제공하기 위해 IETF에서는 MPLS(Multiple Protocol Label Switching)기술을 표준화하였다. 또한, MPLS기술의 기본이 되는 시그널링 프로토콜로 LDP(Label Distribution Protocol), CR-LDP(Constrained based LDP). RSVP-TE(Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering)의 표준화를 진행해 왔다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 MPLS 기술을 적용하여 현재의 IP망에서 보다 안정적이고 차별화된 서비스를 제공하기 위해 리눅스 상에서 구연한 라우터기반 MPLS 시스템을 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 라우터 기반 MPLS 시스템은 기존 IP망과의 연동을 위해 MPLS 도메인상의 OSPF데몬을 수정하며, MPLS망에서 명시적 경로를 제어하기 위해 MPLS데몬을 수정한다. 그리고 MPLS데몬과 OSPF데몬은 수정된 Zebra데몬에 의해 스트림 형태로 정보를 교환한다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.226-233
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Dual reporter gene imaging has several advantages for more sophisticated molecular imaging studies such as gene therapy monitoring. Herein, we have constructed hepatoma cell line expressing dual reporter genes of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP), and the functionalities of the genes were evaluated in vivo by nuclear and optical imaging. Materials and Methods: A pRetro-PN vector was constructed after separating NIS gene from pcDNA-NIS. RSV-EGFP-WPRE fragment separated from pLNRGW was cloned into pRetro-PN vector. The final vector expressing dual reporter genes was named pRetro-PNRGW. A human hepatoma (HepG2) cells were transfected by the retrovirus containing NIS and EGFP gene (HepG2-NE). Expression of NIS gene was confirmed by RT-PCR, radioiodine uptake and efflux studies. Expression of EGFP was confirmed by RT-PCR and fluorescence microscope. The HepG2 and HepG2-NE cells were implanted in shoulder and hindlimb of nude mice, then fluorescence image, gamma camera image and I-124 microPET image were undertaken. Results: The HepG2-NE cell was successfully constructed. RT-PCR showed NIS and EGFP mRNA expression. About 50% of cells showed fluorescence. The iodine uptake of NIS-expressed cells was about 9 times higher than control. In efflux study, $T_{1/2}$ of HepG2-NE cells was 9 min. HepG2-NE xenograft showed high signal-to-background fluorescent spots and higher iodine-uptake compared to those of HepG2 xenograft. Conclusion: A hepatoma cell line expressing NIS and EGFP dual reporter genes was successfully constructed and could be used as a potential either by therapeutic gene or imaging reporter gene.