• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.113-126
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• 2021

In the present study, the halophyte C. falcatum extract and its solvent fractions (n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol, n-butanol, and water) were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Antioxidative ability was measured by DPPH radical, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite scavenging, DNA oxidation inhibition, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). For DPPH radical and peroxynitrite scavenging, DNA oxidation inhibition, and FRAP, 85% aq.MeOH and n-BuOH fractions showed significant scavenging activity. For production of intracellular ROS in HT-1080 cells, 85% aq.MeOH fraction showed the highest scavenging activity. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity was also assessed by measuring the inhibitory effect against mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors (NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2) in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages. For NO production, crude extract exhibited a strong inhibitory effect at a concentration of 100 ㎍/ml. For mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2), n-BuOH greatly suppressed expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 at 100 ㎍/ml concentration while 85% aq. MeOH fraction significantly inhibited that of COX-2 even at 100 ㎍/ml. These results suggest that C. falcatum may be used as a potential source for the development of a natural antioxidant or anti-inflammatory agent.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.24-36
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• 2021

Objectives : This study was conducted to confirm the anti-oxidative effect of Chungpyesagan-tang(CPSGT) extract. Methods : In this study, MTT assay was performed to confirm cell viability, and DPPH and ABTS were performed to confirm radical scavenging ability. The ROS scavenging ability and the protective effect against DNA damage were confirmed by 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate(DCF-DA) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) staining and comet assay. mRNA expression of Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) was measured by real-time PCR, and expression of HO-1 and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1) proteins was measured by western blot. Results : CPSGT was not cytotoxic at 50-400㎍/㎖. The radical scavenging activity was increased, and the ROS scavenging activity and the protective effect against DNA damage were increased compared to the LPS-treated group. The mRNA expression and protein expression of HO-1 were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The protein expression level of Keap1 was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion : This suggests that CPSGT has an antioxidant effect and can be used as a potential material for skin diseases.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2004

거대배아미 에탄올 추출물의 항산화활성을 지질과산화 억제활성 및 활성산소종의 소거활성을 중심으로 일반미와 대조하여 검토하였다. 연구 결과, 발아처리는 전반적으로 환원력 및 지질과산화 억제활성, superoxide radical 및 hydroxyl radical 소거활성을 상승시켰으며, 발아처리에 의한 항산화 활성의 증가현상이 화청거대배아미에서 가장 뚜렷하였다. Superoxide radical 소거작용에 있어서는 남풍거대배아미가 전체적인 소거활성은 높았으나, 발아처리에 의한 활성의 상승률은 역시 화청거대배아미가 가장 높았고, 그 작용기작은 시료에 의한 직접적인 radical 소거에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 생체 독성이 가장 큰 hydroxyl radical 소거활성을 조사한 결과, 화청거대배아미가 전체적인 소거활성 뿐 아니라, 발아처리에 의한 소거활성의 증가율도 가장 높았으며, 그 작용기작도 $Fe^{2+}$의 포족이 아닌 직접적인 라디칼 소거임이 밝혀졌다. 이와 같은 in vitro에서 관찰된 시료의 ROS 소거활성은 TPA하여 유도된 HL-60 세포의 ROS 생산을 억제하는데 유효하게 작용하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.559-567
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• 2010

In this study, the antioxidative effect, cellular protective effect and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($11.48\;{\mu}g$/mL) showed more excellent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activity (FSC50) than those of leaf and stem extracts ($17.45\;{\mu}g$/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (OSC50) of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/H2O2 system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($0.56\;{\mu}g$/mL) showed 3 times more excellent ROS scavenging activity than L-ascorbic acid ($1.50\;{\mu}g$/mL). The protective effects of the ethyl acetate fractions of extracts from different parts of Cosmos bipinnatus on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethyl acetate fractions of leaf and stem extract and flower extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner ($10\sim50\;{\mu}g$/mL). The inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($62.75\;{\mu}g$/mL) on tyrosinase was investigated to assess the whitening efficacy. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract showed 3.5 times higher tyrosinase inhibitory effect than arbutin ($226.88\;{\mu}g$/mL) known as an effective whitening agent. These results indicate that fractions of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Fractions of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts can be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant and whitening.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1377-1384
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• 2011

Astaxanthin (ATX)은 다양한 생명체에서 생성되는 카로티노이드 색소이다. 본 연구에서는 ATX가 RAW264.7 cell에서 LPS에 의한 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), 염증성 사이토카인, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$)와 reactive oxygen species (ROS)의 생성을 억제 시키는 지 또한, superoxide radical 소거능이 있는 지를 조사하였다. iNOS와 NF-${\kappa}B$는 immunoblot analysis로, interleukin (IL)-6와 tumour necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)는 ELISA 법으로 분석하였다. NO 양은 nitrite의 양을 측정하였고, ROS는 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) 법으로 superoxide radical 소거능은 superoxide radical scavenging activity assay로 검증하였다. 100 ${\mu}M$의 ATX 농도에서 LPS로 유도된 NO, IL-6 및 TNF-${\alpha}$ 같은 염증성 사이토카인의 생성 뿐만 아니라 iNOS 및 NF-${\kappa}B$의 발현도 억제되었다. 특히, IL-6 및 TNF-${\alpha}$ 생성에 있어 ATX의 최대 억제율은 각각 65.2% 및 21.2% 이었으며 LPS로 유도된 NF-${\kappa}B$의 전사활성을 억제하였다. 이러한 현상은 세포질에서 핵으로 NF-${\kappa}B$의 전위를 억제하는 것과 관련이 있다. 또한, 25-100 ${\mu}M$의 ATX 농도에서 세포 내 ROS 생성을 억제하였으며, 5 mg/ml 농도의 ATX는 동일농도의 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol에 비해 superoxide radical 소거능이 1.33배 높았다. 이러한 결과들은 ATX가 대식세포에서 ROS 생성 및 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성을 저해하므로 iNOS의 발현, NO 및 염증성 사이토카인의 생성을 억제하며, 또한 우수한 superoxide radical 소거능을 보유한다는 것을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, ATX가 항염증제 및 항산화제로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.296-304
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• 2017

구아바 잎 추출물이 미백 기능성 화장품 소재로써의 활용 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. DPPH radical 소거 활성, 세포 내 ROS 측정, B16F10 melanoma cell 에서의 세포 독성 및 자외선A에 대한 세포 보호효과, 시험관 내 tyrosinase 억제 효과, 멜라닌 생합성 억제 효과를 측정하였다. 구아바 잎 추출물의 높은 DPPH radical 소거 활성과, 세포 내 ROS 활성 억제 측정을 통해 항산화 효과를 확인하였다. B16F10 melanoma cell에서의 세포 생존율이 모든 농도에서 98% 이상의 생존율을 나타냈으며, UVA로부터의 세포 보호효과가 농도 의존적으로 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 10%의 시험관 내 tyrosinase 활성 억제 효과와 20%의 멜라닌 생합성 억제 효과를 확인되었다. 구아바 잎 추출물은 B16F10 melanoma cell에 대한 독성이 적고, 높은 항산화 활성과 tyrosinase 활성 억제 및 멜라닌 생합성 억제 효과를 통해 안전하고 우수한 미백 효과를 가진 미백 기능성 화장품 소재로써의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2013

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be related to cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have beneficial effects against ROS. We investigated the antioxidant effect of captopril and enalapril in nitric oxide mediated vascular endothelium-dependent relaxations. Materials and Methods: Isolated rabbit abdominal aorta ring segments were exposed to ROS by electrolysis of the organ bath medium (Krebs-Henseleit solution) after pretreatment with various concentrations (range, $10^{-5}$ to $3{\times}10^{-4}$ M) of captopril and enalapril. Before and after electrolysis, the endothelial function was measured by preconstricting the vessels with norepinephrine ($10^{-6}$ M) followed by the cumulative addition of acetylcholine (range, $3{\times}10^{-8}$ to $10^{-6}$ M). The relevance of the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide scavenging effect of captopril and enalapril was investigated using additional pretreatments of diethyldithiocarbamate (DETCA, 0.5 mM), an inhibitor of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT, 50 mM), an inhibitor of catalase. Results: Both captopril and enalapril preserved vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation after exposure to ROS in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.0001). Pretreatment with DETCA attenuated the antioxidant effect of captopril and enalapril (p<0.0001), but pretreatment with 3AT did not have an effect. Conclusion: Both captopril and enalapril protect endothelium against ROS in a dose-dependent fashion in isolated rabbit abdominal aortas. This protective effect is related to superoxide anion scavenging.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2008

The propose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of 80% ethanol extracts and various solvent fractions of dandelion (Taraxacmn officinale) leaves and roots, Total phenolics and phenolic acid contents were also examined. The total phenol content of leaves and roots were $7.9{\pm}0.4%$ and $9.4{\pm}0.3%$ respectively. Eight phenolic acids were separated by GC, among which caffeic acid (113.7 mg%)and m-coumaric acid (152.6 mg) were the dominant phenolic acids in leaves and roots, respectively. Amongst solvent functions of leaves and roots, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest radical scavenging activity. A strong correlation was found between total phenol content and electron-donating ability, and ABTS radical scavenging activity showed a similar trend as electron-donating ability. Hydroxyl-radical-scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation were significantly higher in the ethyl acetate fraction than other factions. In particular, the SOD-like activity was highest (43.6%) in the ethyl acetate fraction of dandelion leaves, and was higher than that of trolox. Thus, the ethyl acetate fraction of dandelion leaves exhibited significant phenol content, antioxidant activity, and free-radical-scavenging effects.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2015

Objective : In this paper, we investigated the anti-oxidative capacities and protective effects of water extract of palmul-tang (PMT) against Ultraviolet B(UVB)-induced oxidative damage in human keratinocytes(HaCaT). Method : To evaluate the anti-oxidative activities of PMT, we measured scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and reducing power of PMT. To give an oxidative stress to HaCaT cells, UVB was irradiated with $40mJ/cm^2$ to HaCaT cells. To detect the protective effects of PMT against UVB, we measured cell viability, apoptotic bodies and reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Results : PMT showed the anti-oxidative activities by scavenging DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation. Also PMT showed high reducing values. The UVB-induced oxidative conditions led to the cell apoptosis. However, treatment with PMT reduced oxidative stress conditions, including inhibition of cell apoptosis and expression of ROS. Conclusion : PMT had anti-oxidative activities and exhibited protective effects against UVB on HaCaT cells. PMT would be useful for the development of cosmetics treating UVB-induced skin aging.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권4호통권139호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2004

Flavonoids are class of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom, which display a variety of biological activities, including antiviral, antithrombotic, antiiflammatory, antihistaminic, antioxidant and free-radical scavenging abilities. To determined flavonoid, myricetin in the presence of other antioxidants - vitamin C and vitamin E - can exert antioxidative properties not only directly by modulating the AOE system but also scavenging free radical, we investigated cell viability, antioxidant enzyme activities and ROS level in B16F10 murine melanoma cell. B16F10 cells were exposed to medium containing myricetin in the presence or absence of vitamin C or vitamin E for a period of 24 hr. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. In co-treating myricetin with other antioxidants, CAT activities were increased, compared with control, but SOD and GPx activities were decreased, compared with each antioxidant treated groups . In the group of myricetin or myricetin present with other antioxidants, ROS levels were decreased dose-dependently. Especially, myricetin present of other antioxidants were decreased compared with myricetin.