• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2003

To discover the sources with antioxidative activity in traditional medicines, 100 extracts of Korean medicinal plants were screened for their scavenging effect on peroxynitrite $(ONOO^{-})$ and total reactive oxygen species (ROS). The potency of total ROS scavenging activity was shown in the extracts of 25 plants, and 4 of their species, Macleaya cordata R. Br., Salvia plebeia R. Br., Cassia tora L. and Angelica gigas Nakai, had a greater effect with $IC_{50}$ values of $1.7{\pm}0.36$, $4.3{\pm}1.08$, $4.9{\pm}0.17$ and $5.8{\pm}1.01\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, than that of trolox, positive control $(7.61{\pm}0.12\;{\mu}g/ml)$. Another 35 extracts exhibited inhibitory effect of below 50 percent at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of sample concentrations on total ROS, while the rest observed total ROS generators rather than scavengers. The peroxynitrite scavenging activities were observed in the greater part of the plants tested. Five of them, Schisandra chinensis Baill, Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) K. Schum., Cedrela sinensis A. Juss., Pleuropterus multiflorus Turcz. and Veronica linariaefolia Pall represented scavenging activities on peroxynitrite twice as strong with $IC_{50}$ Values of $0.48{\pm}0.10$, $0.59{\pm}0.15$, $0.60{\pm}0.10$, $0.64{\pm}0.10$ and $0.91{\pm}0.23\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, as that of penicillamine $(1.72{\pm}0.05\;{\mu}g/ml)$, positive control. Consequently, 25 species of the entire plants tested, exhibited scavenging activities on total ROS and $ONOO^{-}$, Salvia plebeia R. Br., Macleaya cordata R. Br., Cassia tora L. and Angelica gigas Nakai exerted potent scavenging activities on both radicals.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1615-1621
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• 2005

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are widely implicated in the aging process and age-related diseases. The present study was carried out to investigate scavenging activities of Junglans sinensis extract and its subfraction using fluorescent probes, DCF-DA, DAF-2 and DHR 123. Jungians sinensis was washed and crushed. The crushed Junglans sinensis was extracted 3times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 16 g. Scavenging activities of $ONOO^-$ was measured by Kooy' method and ROS was measured by DCFDA assay. Junglans sinensis had the marked scavenging activites of $ONOO^-$, NO and $O_2^-$. Junglans sinensis scavenged $ONOO^-$ through electron donation and dose-dependently inhibited the nitration of bovine serum albumin by $ONOO^-$. Junglans sinensis also had ROS scavenging activity. Especially, ethylacetate fraction of Junglans sinensis showed the most effective scavenging activities for ROS and RNS. These results suggest that Junglans sinensis might be developed as an effective ROS and RNS scavenger Therefore, Junglans sinensis might be used as a preventive agent for the aging and relevant to aging of illness.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2017

Temperature is a major factor that affects the physiochemical properties of compounds. This study focus on the determination of thermostability and the effect of temperature on antioxidant activities of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) ethanoic extract. The ethanoic extracts of E. cava were evaluated at $30^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$ for 0 to 7 days. The antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity was investigated using DCFH-DA assay. Results revealed that the ethanoic extract of E. cava incubated at different temperatures for 0 to 7 days, showed stable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide. The ROS scavenging activities of ethanoic extract and ascorbic acid were also investigated. The extract showed a stable ROS scavenging activity from 0 to 7 day at $90^{\circ}C$. However, the scavenging activity of ascorbic acid at $90^{\circ}C$ decreased starting from day 3. These results indicated that the antioxidant effects of this food grade ethanoic extract of E. cava could remain stable during the employed temperatures of food processing.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2008

The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of a set of 35 flavonoid compounds presenting antioxidant activity was established by means of Genetic Algorithm-Multiple Linear Regression (GA-MLR) technique. Four-parametric models for two sets of data, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity $(R^2=0.788,\;Q^2_{cv}=0.699\;and\;Q^2_{ext}=0.577)$ and scavenging activity of reactive oxgen species (ROS) induced by $H_2O_2 (R^=0.829,\;Q^2_{cv}=0.754\;and\;Q^2_{ext}=0.573)$ were obtained with low external predictive ability on a mass basis, respectively. Each model gave some different mechanistic aspects of the flavonoid compounds tested in terms of the radical scavenging activity. Topological charge, H-bonding complex and deprotonation processes were likely to be involved in the radical scavenging activity.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2005

The human skin is constantly exposed to environmental irritants such as ultraviolet, smoke, chemicals. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by these environmen tal facts play critical roles in cellular damage. These irritants are in themselves damaging to the skin structure but they also participate the immensely complex inflammatory reaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the skin cell protective effect of Campsis grandiflora extract on the UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We tested free radical and superoxide scavenging effect in vitro. C. grandiflora extracts had potent radical scavenging effect by 82% at $100{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. For testing intracellular ROS scavenging activity the cultured HDFs were analyzed by increase in DCF fluorescence upon exposure to UVB 20 $MJ/cm^2$ after treatment of C.grandiflora extracts. The results showed that oxidation of CM-DCFDA was inhibited by C.grandiflora extracts effectively and C.grandiflora extracts has a potent free radical scavenging activity in UVB- irradiated HDFs. In ROS imaging using confocal microscope we visualized DCF fluorescence in HDFs directly. In conclusion, our results suggest that C.grandiflora can be effectively used for the prevention of UV-induced adverse skin reactions such as radical production, and skin cell damage.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl (${\cdot}OH$), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) is reported to induce oxidative stress. ROS generated by oxidative stress can potentially damage glial cells in the nervous system. Cordyceps militaris (CM), a kind of natural herb widely found in East Asia. In this study, we investigated the free radical scavenging activity of the CM extract and its neuroprotective effects in $H_2O_2$-induced C6 glial cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: The ethanol extract of CM ($100-1,000{\mu}g/mL$) was used to measure DPPH, ${\cdot}OH$, and NO radical scavenging activities. In addition, hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced C6 glial cells were treated with CM at $0.5-2.5{\mu}g/mL$ for measurement of cell viability, ROS production, and protein expression resulting from oxidative stress. RESULTS: The CM extract showed high scavenging activities against DPPH, ${\cdot}OH$, and NO radicals at concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. Treatment of CM with $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in C6 glial cells significantly increased cell viability, and decreased ROS production. Cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression was down-regulated in CM-treated groups. In addition, the protein expression level of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK) in $H_2O_2$-induced C6 glial cells was down-regulated upon CM administration. CONCLUSION: CM exhibited radical scavenging activity and protective effect against $H_2O_2$ as indicated by the increased cell viability, decreased ROS production, down-regulation of inflammation-related proteins as well as p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK protein levels. Therefore, we suggest that CM could play the protective role from oxidative stress in glial cells.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1583-1590
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• 2020

본 연구는 Cinnamomum loureiroi 추출물(CLE)의 항산화 활성을 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 실험 전에 세포독성을 확인하였으며, 본 연구수행에서 사용할 농도의 안전성을 확보하였다. 추출물의 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량을 측정하고 ABTS 라디칼과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 측정하였으며, LPS에 유도된 Raw 264.7 세포에서 ROS의 생성 감소를 확인하였다. 연구 결과 총 폴리페놀의 함량은 397.7±8.3 mg/g, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 101.9±0.8 mg/g으로 BHA 검량선 기준으로 선행연구들과 비교한 결과 함량비가 높은 것으로 나타났다. ABTS 라디칼과 DPPH 라디칼 소거율은 농도 의존적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타나 농도에 따라 항산화 활성이 높아지는 것으로 확인되었다. ROS 생성은 농도 의존적으로 유의한 감소를 나타내어 라디칼 소거능과 부합되는 결과를 나타냈다. 결과적으로 CLE의 항산화 활성이 확인되었으며, 향 후 천연원료로서 기능성화장품 또는 심화 연구를 통한 천연화장품의 응용할 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.24-27
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• 2003

A furanofuranoid lignan glycoside, with radical scavenging on peroxynitrite, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, was isolated from the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza and characterized as (+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol-1-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucoside based on spectroscopic evidence. The compound exhibited peroxynitrite, total ROS and DPPH radical scavenging activities with $IC_{50}$ values of 3.23$\pm$0.04, 2.26$\pm$0.07 and 32.3$\pm$0.13 $\mu$M, respectively. Penicillamine, Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) and L-ascorbic acid, acting as positive controls, showed radical scavenging activities with $IC_{50}$ values of 6.72$\pm$0.25, 1.43$\pm$0.04 and 11.4$\pm$0.07 $\mu$M, respectively.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2007

Objectives: Our previous studies have clearly demonstrated that the scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protective effect of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and inhibition of cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYPs) from the Circium japonicum aqua-acupuncture solution (CJAS). But, Circium japonicum water extracted solution (CJWS) was weakly reported in cardiovascular diseases such as oxidative stress-mediated atherosclerosis or its value evaluated. Methods: CJWS was assessed to determine the mechanism of its scavenging activity of ROS and inhibitory effect of CYP 2E1. Results: CJWS exhibited a concentration-dependent scavenger of DPPH and superoxide anions radicals using different assay systems. In addition, CJWS showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity, including hydroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite, and nitric oxide. The CJWS was also found to be effective in protecting rat liver homogenate against LPO. Futhermore, the CJWS showed significant inhibition of CYP 2E1 induced by pyrazol in a rat liver microsome. Conclusion : ROS and CYPs may play a role in several diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Our study demonstrated that the CJWS has excellent scavenging activity of ROS. Hence, it is worthwhile to investigate the potential effectiveness of CJWS in preventing oxidative stress-mediated cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2011

Polysaccharide (PS) was fractionated from hot-water extract of Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura stems. PS showed considerably higher hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than caffeic acid and glutathione. PS showed lower superoxide anion radical scavenging activity than hydroquinone and ascorbic acid. The scavenging activity of PS on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by human neutrophils with zymosan was determined by the lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence assay. The scavenging effect of the PS on ROS as determined by the chemiluminescence assay was about 2-fold stronger than that of ascorbic acid at the same concentration. PS significantly decreased protein carbonyl and malonaldehyde contents in UVB irradiated skin homogenates, which was comparable to glutathione at the same concentration. This result suggested that PS derived from A. iwayomogi Kitamura stems may be a potent candidate as functional compound for the protection on UVB induced skin damage in cosmetics.