• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.328-339
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• 2010

A tobamovirus, Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV), was identified newly from chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. pekinensis) in Korea. Virus disease incidence of RMV on chinese cabbage was 37.9% in alpine area on August in 1993. RMV induced the symptoms of necrotic ring spots, necrotic streak on midrib and malformation. RMV, Ca1 and Ca3 isolate, could infect 35 species out of 45 plants including Chenopodium amaranticolor. Physical properties of RMV Ca1 isolate were very stable as 10.8 over for dilution end point, $95^{\circ}C$ for temperature inactivation point and 18 weeks for longevity in vitro. RMV had the soil transmission rate of 75.0% for the chinese cabbages, 'Chunhawang' and 'Seoul' cultivars. The purified virions of RMV had the typical ultraviolet absorption spectrum of maximum at 260 nm and minimum at 247 nm. RMV of Ca1 isolate was related serologically with antisera of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-Cym, TMV-O and Pepper mottle virus, but not related with antiserum of Odontoglossum ring spot virus. coat protein gene of RMV-Ca1, sized 473 nucleotides, encoded 158 amino acid residues. Nucleotide identity of RMV-Ca1 CP gene was 96.4% with RMV-Shanghai (GenBank accession No. of AF185272) from China and 96.0% with RMV-Impatiens (GenBank accession No. of AM040974) from Germany. Identity of amino acids between RMV-Ca1 and the two RMV isolates was 96.8%. Specific three primers were selected for rapid and easy genetic detection of RMV using Virion Captured (VC)/RT-PCR method.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.201-204
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• 2001

Ultrastructural observation was conducted for the cells of oriental cabbage, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis 'Chungawang', inoculated simultaneously with Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV-ACT2-4vq) and Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV-Ca1dn2) which were known as major destructive viruses of oriental cabbage in Korea. In cells infected with RMV alone, the virus particles were located as bundle or scattering in cytosols and vacuoles, which were typical ultrastructures of tobamovirus. Vessels of xylem were compacted with RMV particles. The cells infected only with TuMV had the cluster of virus particles scarcely and the typical potyvirus inclusions of scrolls, pinwheels, tubes and laminated aggregates in cytosols. The TuMV particles were jammed lineally between tonoplasts. In double infection, the two unrelated viruses of TuMV-ACT2-4vq and RMV-CA1dn2 were located together in a cell, and typical properties of each virus were also observed. The potyvirus inclusions and the tobamovirus particles were mixed entirely in cytoplasm. The virus particles of RMV wre presented strikingly near and in the center of potyvirus inclusions. In vascular cells, the tobamovirus particles were located abundantly than those in single infection. The potyvirus inclusions were embedded in the cluster of RMV particles in phloem parenchyma cells and the vascular elements were degenerated severely.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.192-198
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• 2002

Mixed infections of two economically important viruses, Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV) in the family Potyviridae and Ribgrass mosaic virus(RMV) in the genus Tobamo-virus, were studied ultrastructurally on oriental cabbage. TuMV-ACl8 (alpine isolate in Korea) induced chlorotic spots on inoculated leaves of both ‘SSD63’ inbred line known as susceptible to TuMV, and ‘Tambok’ commercial cultivar, known as resistant to the virus, in the early stages of infection. TuMV-C5 (Taiwan isolate) caused severe mosaic and malformation on the upper leaves of ‘SSD63’, and necrotic spots in both inoculated and upper leaves of ‘Tambok’. RMV-CA1 (oriental cabbage isolate from alpine in Korea) induced vein chlorosis, leaf malformation, and midrib necrotic streak in the upper leaves of both ‘SSD63’ and ‘Tambok’. Both oriental cabbages infected with a combination of TuMV-ACl8 and RMV-CA1 showed synergistic symptoms of severe yellowing, severe mosaic, and necrotic spot or vein necrosis on their leaves. A combination of TuMV-C5 and RMV-CA1 produced synergistic symptoms only in ‘SSD63’. In ‘Tambok’ infected with the combination of TuMV-C5 and RMV-CA1, the number of necrotic spots on the inoculated leaves was one half lesser than that on singly infected with TuMV-C5. A few necrotic spots progressed systemically. In cells infected with a combination of TuMV-ACl8 and RMV-CA1 or TuMV-C5 and RMV-CA1, the particles of the two viruses made nonagon-like rings(NLR); one TuMV particle was surrounded loosely by nine RMV particles. Two unrelated viruses of TuMV and RMV were compacted in the central part of the spiral aggregates(SA) that was induced strikingly in cells by the mixed infections. The SA showed NLR in its center of the cross-sectioned side. Many particles of RMV of Tobamovirus were closely associated with Potyvirus-characteristic cylindrical inclusions. The SAs in the mixed infections were formed easily by the Potyvirus of TuMV-ACl8 or -C5 isolates.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2003

Turnip mosaic Potyvirus (TuMV) and Ribgrass mosaic Tobamovirus (RMV) are major viruses infecting crucifer crops in Korea. RMV-FG22 was isolated from oriental cabbage. TuMV isolates were TuMV-CA7 from oriental cabbage, TuMV-TU and TuMV-TU2 from turnip, TuMV-RA from rape, TuMV-ST from stock, and TuMV-R9 from radish. The six isolates of TuMV were classified by symptom expression in inbred lines of crucifers. TuMV-CA7 and TuMV-TU isolates infected mostly oriental cabbages; TuMV-ST, TuMV-TU2, and TuMV-R9 infected radishes; and TuMV-RA infected both oriental cabbages and radishes. Crops used in six combinations of mixed infections were 'Tambok' cultivar resistant to TuMV,'SSD63' susceptible inbred line of oriental cabbage, pure line of leaf mustard, and‘Daeburyungyeorum’cultivar of radish. External symptoms in 'Tambok' and radish by each of the six single infections of TuMV showed similar results by bioassay. Synergistic response of necrotic death occurred within 1 week after inoculation in all combinations mixed with TuMV and RMV-FG22 on leaf mustard. In oriental cabbage 'SSD63' , synergism of necrosis occurred in four TuMV isolates, but not in TuMV-ST and TuMV-R9. In oriental cabbage 'Tambok' , synergism was expressed only in two combinations of RMV-FG22+TuMV-CA7 and RMV-FG22+TuV-TU, but other combinations had the same symptoms produced by RM-FG22. In radish‘Daeburyungyeorum’, only mild mosaic symptoms were induced by combinations of RMV-FG22+TuMV-CA7, RMV-FG22+TuMV-TU, RMV-FG22+TuMV-RA, and RMV-FG22+TuMV-R9. Mosaic and severe mosaic were induced in combinations of RMV-FG22 +TuMV-TU2 and RMV-FG22+TuMV-ST, respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2003

Six isolates of Turnip mosaic Potyvirus (TuMV) namely, TuMV-CA7 from oriental cabbage, TuMV-TU and TuMV-TU2 from turnip, TuMV-RA from rape, TUMV-ST from stock, and TuMV-R9 from radish, and Ribgrass mosaic Tobamovirus (RMV-FG22) from oriental cabbage were isolated. Three kinds of characteristics of the six TuMV isolates were sorted by bioassay: TuMV-CA7 and TuMV-TU isolates infected mostly oriental cabbages; TuMV-ST, TuMV-TU2, and TuMV-R9 infected radishes; and TuMV-RA infected both oriental cabbages and radishes. Mixed infections of crucifers were RMV-FG22+TuMV-CA7, RMV-FG22+TuMV-TU, RMV-FG22+TuMV-RA, RMV-FG22+TuMV-ST, RMV-FG22 +TuMV-TU2 and RMV-FG22+TuMV-R9. Crops used were 'Tambok' cultivar resistant to TuMV, 'SSD63' susceptible inbred line of oriental cabbage, pure line of leaf mustard and 'Daeburyungyeorum' cultivar of radish. New specific ultrastructures of nonagon-like ring (NLR) and spiral aggregates (SA) by mixed infection with TuMV and RMV were formed in cells of crucifer plants. The NLR was made by a TuMV surrounded loosely by nine RMV particles, and the SA was formed spirally by full mixed of two virus particles. The SA had some NLR in its center, which was observed from cross sectioned SA. Host plants with specific ultrastructures expressed synergistic symptoms. Specific ultrastructures of NLR and SA were formed in combinations of RMV-FG22 and in TuMV-CA7, TuMV-TU, or TuMV-RA that could infect oriental cabbages. How-ever, no specific ultrastructures and mixing of the two virions in the same cell were observed in combinations of RMV-FG22, and TuMV-57, TuMV-TU2, or TuMV-R9 isolates haying virulence in radishes.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.44-56
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• 2013

한국기준 표준화된 A급 목재 및 B급 유류 화재 시험에서 룸코너시험기(RCT)를 사용하여 연소유독가스의 생성을 정량적으로 알아보고, 시험자들에게 미치는 인체유해성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 A급의 경우 유독가스가 시험자들에 직접적으로 노출되는 초기 3분 동안, 분당호흡량(RMV) 2단계에서 40% 카복시헤모글로빈(COHb)가 넘어가는 경우는 A급 9, 10단위에 해당하며, RMV 3단계에서 A급 5~10 단위까지가 모두 40% COHb을 초과함을 확인하였다. 한편 B급의 경우 유독가스가 시험자에게 직접 노출되는 초기 1분 동안은 A급에 비해 다소 안전하나 총 연소시간에는 RMV 3단계에서 B급 16~20 단위까지가 모두 20% COHb을 초과한 수치가 나옴을 확인하였다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 시험자들은 소화시험의 단위수를 고려하여 자급 호흡보조기나 그와 동일한 기능의 장치를 착용하는 규정을 제안한다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2002년도 총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.119.1-119
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• 2002

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2002년도 총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.119.2-120
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• 2002

• 식물병연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2022

A survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was conducted in major oat-growing areas of Korea in 2020. BYDV is an economically important pathogen of cereal crops that can be transmitted by aphids. The present study evaluated the genetic composition of BYDV in oat from eight geographical areas in Korea. Multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to screen 322 oat leaf samples for six BYDV strains (PAV, MAV, SGV, PAS, RPV, and RMV). The 125 samples (~39%) tested positive for BYDV. BYDV-PAV, BYDV-SGV, BYDV-PAS, and BYDV-RPV were detected from oat in different areas. Most of the BYDV-infected samples were assigned to subgroup I (n=112). The results indicate that BYDV-PAV could be dominant throughout Korea. Also, the phylogenetic analysis of coat protein sequences indicated that 23 BYDV isolates from Korea could be separated into two clades, which exhibited high nucleotide sequence similarity. In conclusion, the present survey provides a BYDV infection assessment for domestic oat varieties in Korea and basic information for the development of BYDV control measures in Korea's oat industry.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2004

2002년 노지 및 시설재배 고추를 대상으로 전국적인 규모의 바이러스병 발생실태를 조사하였다. 시설(155시료) 및 노지포장(227시료)에서 바이러스 감염주를 채집하여 전자현미경과 RT-PCR로 분석하였다. 시설 및 노지재배 고추에서 수집한 시료에서 TMV, RMV, PVY, AMV, TSWV에 감염된 것은 없었다. 그러나 CMV, BBWV, PepMoV, PMMoV, ToMV, TMGMV는 RT-PCR에 의해 검출되었다. 시설 및 노지재배 포장에서 바이러스 발병율은 상당히 다르게 나타났다. 시설재배에서는 10%의 발병율을 보였으나, 노지재배에서는 약 30%의 발병율을 나타냈다. 복합감염율은 시설 및 노지재배에서 각각 16%와 61%로 나타났다. 시설재배에서는 PMMoV가 우점하는 것으로 보아, 바이러스에 오염된 종자와 재배지에서의 바이러스 감염잔재물이 중요한 전염원이 된 것으로 보인다. 반대로 노지재배에서는 CMV와 BBWV가 우점하였다. 이것으로 보아 바이러스를 보독한 매개충의 이동이 가장 중요한 전염원으로 나타났다. 또한 이 연구에서 BBWV2는 우리나라에서 방제해야 할 새로운 바이러스로 대두되었다. 노지 및 시설재배에서 바이러스병의 발병율과 분포의 차이로 볼 때 연작에 따른 전염원의 축적 및 분포상과 재배지로의 바이러스 보독매개충의 이동이 바이러스 발생을 결정하는 중요한 요소로 보인다. 그러므로 식물병 역학과 고추의 새로운 육종 프로그램에 대한 진전된 연구가 바이러스 병을 줄이는데 필수적일 것이다.