• BMB Reports
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.484-485
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• 2018

Receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIP3 or RIPK3) is a serine-threonine kinase largely essential for necroptotic cell death; it also plays a role in some inflammatory diseases. High levels of RIP3 are likely sufficient to activate necroptotic and inflammatory pathways downstream of RIP3 in the absence of an upstream stimulus. For example, we have previously detected high levels or RIP3 in the skin of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis patients; this correlates with increased phosphorylation of MLKL found in these patients. We have long surmised that there are molecular mechanisms to prevent anomalous activity of the RIP3 protein, and so prevent undesirable cell death and inflammatory effects when inappropriately activated. Recent discovery that Carboxyl terminus of Hsp 70-Interacting Protein (CHIP) could mediate ubiquitylation- and lysosome-dependent RIP3 degradation provides a potential protein that has this capacity. However, while screening for RIP3-binding proteins, we discovered that pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (PELI1) also interacts directly with RIP3 protein; further investigation in this study revealed that PELI1 also targets RIP3 for proteasome-dependent degradation. Interestingly, unlike CHIP, which targets RIP3 more generally, PELI1 preferentially targets kinase active RIP3 that has been phosphorylated on T182, subsequently leading to RIP3 degradation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7069-7074
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• 2013

Programmed cell death is a basic cellular process that is critical to maintaining tissue homeostasis. In contrast to apoptosis, necrosis was previously regarded as an unregulated and uncontrollable process. However, as research has progressed, necrosis, also known as necroptosis or programmed necrosis, is drawing increasing attention, not least becasu of its possible impications for cancer research. Necroptosis exhibits a unique signaling pathway that requires the involvement of receptor interaction protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3), mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) and can be specifically inhibited by necrostatins. Not only does necroptosis serve as a backup cell death program when apoptosis is inhibited, but it is now recognized to play a pivotal role in regulating various physiological processes and the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases such as ischemic brain injury, immune system disorders and cancer. The control of necroptosis by various defined trigger factors and signaling pathways now offers the opportunity to target this cellular process for therapeutic purposes. The purpose of this paper is to review current findings concerning the connections between various trigger factors and the RIP1/RIP3 signaling pathway as it relates to necroptosis.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.303-312
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• 2015

Receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIP3, or RIPK3) is an essential protein in the "programmed", or "regulated" necrosis cell death pathway that is activated in response to death receptor ligands and other types of cellular stress. Programmed necrotic cell death is distinguished from its apoptotic counterpart in that it is not characterized by the activation of caspases; unlike apoptosis, programmed necrosis results in plasma membrane rupture, thus spilling the contents of the cell and triggering the activation of the immune system and inflammation. Here we discuss findings, including our own recent data, which show that RIP3 protein expression is absent in many cancer cell lines. The recent data suggests that the lack of RIP3 expression in a majority of these deficient cell lines is due to methylation-dependent silencing, which limits the responses of these cells to pro-necrotic stimuli. Importantly, RIP3 expression may be restored in many cancer cells through the use of hypomethylating agents, such as decitabine. The potential implications of loss of RIP3 expression in cancer are explored, along with possible consequences for chemotherapeutic response. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(6): 303-312]

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.257-266
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• 1999

A simplified statistical methodology is developed in order to both reduce over-conservatism of deterministic methodologies employed for PWR fuel rod internal pressure (RIP) calculation and simplify the complicated calculation procedure of the widely used statistical methodology which employs the response surface method and Monte Carlo simulation. The simplified statistical methodology employs the system moment method with a deterministic approach in determining the maximum variance of RIP The maximum RIP variance is determined with the square sum of each maximum value of a mean RIP value times a RIP sensitivity factor for all input variables considered. This approach makes this simplified statistical methodology much more efficient in the routine reload core design analysis since it eliminates the numerous calculations required for the power history-dependent RIP variance determination. This simplified statistical methodology is shown to be more conservative in generating RIP distribution than the widely used statistical methodology. Comparison of the significances of each input variable to RIP indicates that fission gas release model is the most significant input variable.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2277-2284
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• 2016

Ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) from Mirabilis jalapa L. leaves has cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cell lines but is less toxic towards normal cells. However, it can easily be degraded after administration so it needs to be formulated into nanoparticles to increase its resistance to enzymatic degradation. The objectives of this study were to develop a protein extract of M. jalapa L. leaves (RIP-MJ) incorporated into nanoparticles conjugated with Anti-EpCAM antibodies, and to determine its cytotoxicity and selectivity in the T47D breast cancer cell line. RIP-MJ was extracted from red-flowered M. jalapa L. leaves. Nanoparticles were formulated based on polyelectrolyte complexation using low viscosity chitosan and alginate, then chemically conjugated with anti-EpCAM antibody using EDAC based on carbodiimide reaction. RIP-MJ nanoparticles were characterised for the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, particle morphology, and entrapment efficiency. The cytotoxicity of RIP-MJ nanoparticles against T47D and Vero cells was then determined with MTT assay. The optimal formula of RIP-MJ nanoparticles was obtained at the concentration of RIP-MJ, low viscosity chitosan and alginate respectively 0.05%, 1%, and 0.4% (m/v). RIP-MJ nanoparticles are hexagonal with high entrapment efficiency of 98.6%, average size of 130.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.380 and zeta potential +26.33 mV. The $IC_{50}$ values of both anti-EpCAM-conjugated and non-conjugated RIP-MJ nanoparticles for T47D cells (13.3 and $14.9{\mu}g/mL$) were lower than for Vero cells (27.8 and $33.6{\mu}g/mL$). The $IC_{50}$ values of conjugated and non-conjugated RIP-MJ for both cells were much lower than $IC_{50}$ values of non-formulated RIP-MJ (>$500{\mu}g/mL$).

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2010

수영만에 설치된 모니터링 부이에서 관측된 해류, 바람, 파고자료와 부산항의 조석자료를 이용하여 강한 이안류가 발생했던 2009년 8월 13~15일의 물리환경을 분석하였다. 수영만의 조류는 단주기 해류성분과 비슷한 크기를 가지며 대조-소조에 따른 변화를 보인다. 이안류가 발생했을 때 북동풍이 강하게 불고 조류와 해류가 해운대 해안 쪽 방향으로 중첩되었다는 공통점이 있고, 8월 14일 오후에 이안류가 없었을 때는 파고와 조석은 유사한 조건이었지만 조류와 해류가 거의 반대방향이었다. 강한 바람은 큰 파랑을 동반하여 이안류 발생의 기본조건을 조성하지만 만 내의 해류에 미치는 국지적인 영향은 비교적 작다. 수영만에 인접한 세 해수욕장 중에서 해운대에서만 강한 이안류가 나타나는 데에는 해운대 중앙부의 특이하게 얕은 수중언덕이 외해에서 들어오는 파랑, 해류, 조류를 감쇠시키는 효과가 중요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2019

본 연구진에서 개발한 항해용 X-band 레이다를 이용한 파랑 및 이안류 관측 시스템을 해운대 해수욕장에 설치하여 이안류를 관측하였다. 기존 이안류 현장관측 방법으로는 측정하기 어려운 이안류의 형태와 크기 및 유속을 X-band 레이다 영상분석을 통해 관측하였다. 본 연구에서는 시간평균한 X-band 레이다 영상으로부터 이안류 발생위치와 크기 및 형태를 자동탐지하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. X-band 레이다 영상을 3차원 푸리에 변환하고, 도플러 유속이 포함된 분산방정식 조건으로 이안류 유속을 계산하였다. X-band 레이다 영상분석을 통한 이안류 발생위치와 유속 계산 기법은 표류부이 실험으로 검증하였다. 해운대 해수욕장 이안류 조사 결과 한번 발생한 이안류는 1~2일 동안 지속되며, 발생위치가 크게 바뀌지 않는 것이 관찰되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.81-98
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• 2002

The condition of initial movement far the river bank protection using rip rap is a limit condition beyond which the lining is progressively destroyed as the separate elements are removed by the flow. In the case of the river bank protection using gabion mattress, however, after the initial movement the containment offered by the mesh remains. A new situation of equilibrium with a deformed river bank protection using gabion mattress is obtained, allowing it to withstand more severe conditions without compromising the resistance and without further deformation. Shield's coefficient for the river bank protection using gabion mattress is twice the value of that fur river bank protection using rip rap. This means that with the same hydraulic behavior conditions, the average dimension of the rocks to be used in the river bank protection using gabion mattress is half that of river bank protection using rip rap rock. When the same size rocks are used the allowable velocity for the river bank protection using gabion mattress is more than twice, even as much as 3 or 4 times that for river bank protection using rip rap.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.460-470
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was to identify the factors influencing the practice of respiratory infection prevention (RIP) for the elderly residing in rural areas. Methods: The data were collected from 188 residents aged 65 years or older residing in the jurisdictions of four public health clinics in rural areas of C city, using a structured questionnaire for the period from December 1, 2018 to February 28, 2019. The collected data were analyzed with independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: The score on knowledge of RIP was 8.82±1.36, while it was 4.53±0.47 for attitude, 3.78±0.66 for practice, and 3.78±0.69 for social capital. It was observed that the factors influencing the practice of RIP were attitude of RIP (β=.38, p<.001), social capital (β=.29, p<.001), family type (β=-.19, p=.002), and subjective health status (β=.15, p=.035), while the explanatory power of the model was 47%. Conclusion: Consequently, to enhance the practice of RIP for the elderly residing in rural areas, it is necessary to develop programs considering social and environmental characteristics of rural areas based on their attitude of RIP, social capital, family type and subjective health status.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.954-963
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• 2012

Orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) 알고리듬은 underdetermined 시스템에서 희소 신호를 복구하는 대표적인 greedy 알고리듬으로 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 OMP 알고리듬의 반복과정에서 후보 support 집합들을 구성하여 마지막 반복과정에서 최소 잔차를 이용하는 multiple candidate matching pursuit (MuCaMP) 기법을 제안한다. MuCaMP 가 완벽한 신호 복원을 보장하기 위한 restricted isometry property (RIP)를 이용한 충분조건, ${\delta}_{N+K}<\frac{\sqrt{N}}{\sqrt{K}+3\sqrt{N}}$을 제시한다. 실험을 통해 후보 support 집합들의 크기에 따른 성능과 MuCaMP의 복원 성능이 기존의 기법들에 비해 우수함을 확인하였다.