• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.327-334
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• 2018

Studies on seaweed-based materials have been progressing steadily day by day. In this experiment, we checked the anti-oxidant, whitening, and moisturizing activities of fermented extract from a mixture of Undariapinnatifida, Saccharina japonica, and Gloiopeltis furcate. Also, Lactobacillus sakei strains of kimchi were used as the lactic acid bacteria. The physiological status of the combined seaweed extracts was also investigated. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging results showed that the inhibitory effects of the combined seaweed extracts were higher than the positive control. Furthermore, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) and Mushroom tyrosinase tests were conducted during the whitening efficacy experiment. Hence, it was confirmed that the whitening activity of fermented extracts was greater than the extracts without fermentation. HPLC analysis of fucose (an active ingredient of seaweed) was also performed and a standard method for solvent conditions was newly established. This study suggests that the composite of algae extract has potentials to be used as anti-oxidant and whitening agents in cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1986

Ifis recommended that the injection rate should be accurate and reliable in the input data of the performance simulation in diesel engine. Matsuoka Sin improved W. Bosch's injection ratio measurement system. Matsuoka Sin reduced length of the test pipe and set the orifice. However, it was not measured accurately to measure the injection ratio due to reflection wave. In the present thesis, the improved measurement system with combination of the conventional W. Bosch type injection ratio measurement system and Matsuoka Sin type corrected W. Bosch type was practically made. The location of orifice and throttle valve was modified and set one more back pressure valve in order to reduce the effect of reflection wave. The results according to injection condition of multi-hole nozzle are following: 1. Measurement error of injection ratio measurement system in this thesis was $\pm$ 1 %, therefore, its reliability was good. 2. The form of injetion ratio is changed from trapezoidal shape to triangle shape with increase of revolution per minute when injection amount is constant. 3. In the case of constant rpm, the initial injection ratio is almost constant regardless of the amount, meanwhile the injection period becomes longer with increase of the amount. 4. The injection pressure of nozzle isn't largely influenced with injection ratio in the case of constant injection amount and rpm, otherwise the initial injection amount is increased by 3-4% when the injection pressure is low. 5. The injection ratio isn't nearly influenced with back pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.40-46
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• 2016

In order to improve air quality of indoor environment, studies of the underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system for application in buildings are actively in progress based on temperature and air flow distribution. However, although the age of air is the major evaluation parameter, there has been very little study on this parameter for the UFAD system. In this study, we investigated the age of air to reach the air diffuser, which is installed at the bottom of the interior by the UFAD system. Computational fluid dynamics simulations showed no regular pattern to the maximum value of the age of air in accordance with air flow rate and the velocity at air diffuser. These factors can be deduced from air movement by considering that air emitted from air conditioners was rotated according to the bottom shape of the floor, and then, the age of air in the rotation center was increased. The average age of air of internal interior was reduced considerably as the flow velocity at the underfloor air diffuser was increased from 0.5 m/s to 1.0 m/s However, the age of air was not substantially affected with change in the air volume. Moreover, when the flow velocity at the underfloor air diffuser was higher than 1.0 m/s, the age of air showed no significant difference with change in air volume or height of measurement. These results imply that indoor air quality is more substantially influenced by flow velocity than air volume, and the appropriate flow velocity is 1 m/s or more.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.249-253
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• 2011

A 4-year-old intact female American Cocker Spaniel presented with lack of appetite, shivering, and abdominal distension. It was initially diagnosed with chronic hepatitis with cirrhosis, by serum chemistry, radiography, ultrasonography, and histopathologic examination following liver biopsy. Abundant copper granules were detected in most hepatocytes with rhodanine stain, with hepatic copper concentration at 1460 ppm (reference range: <400 ppm). Based on these findings, copper-associated hepatitis with cirrhosis was diagnosed and successfully managed with long-term D-penicillamine, s-adenosylmethionine, biphenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate and supportive care. The spaniel died 35 months after diagnosis.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2012

In this study, a novel yeast, Y111-5 for Makgeolli manufacture was selected from Nuruk yeasts, and its optimal culture condition were investigated. The Y111-5 strain was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae by phylogenetic analysis of 18S RNA sequence. The maximal growth was obtained when the yeast was cultivated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 15 h in the medium containing sucrose 9% and yeast extract 5%.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.4
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• pp.381-385
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• 2012

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer related deaths. Most patients were presented with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. In advanced NSCLC, it is almost impossible to anticipate complete remission by using only cytotoxic chemotherapy or molecularly targeted agents. In our case, two patients were diagnosed as advanced NSCLC and received chemotherapy. They achieved complete response (CR). After finishing treatment, disease recurred. They were retreated with the same regimens and achieved second CR. Until now, they have received each regimen, continuously, and the CR state has been maintained.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.114-116
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• 2009

In this study, we selected suitable broth media for mass production of Phytophthora capsici oospore, investigated oospore germination and secured $F_1$ progeny. Carrot broth and V8C broth were determined most effective for oospore formation by calculating and comparing oospore concentration produced from 8 different liquid media. Eleven strains were selected from P. capsici (CapA)/P. tropicalis (CapB) and 9 crosses were formed. Oospore progeny were produced, isolated and germinated from A1 and A2 combinations of P. capsici (CapA) with P tropicalis (CapB). This resulted in a total number of 129 $F_1$ isolates of P. capsici/P. tropicalis with a 0.64-4.0% (mean 1.85%) oospore germination.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.671-679
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• 2017

According to studies of many language education researchers including R. Ellis, a representative English education specialist, it is an effective and important method to improve the authenticity of English by learning a foreign language repeatedly in learner's actual situation. In this paper, we propose a foreign language learning service combined with context-awareness service, and develop foreign language learning contents which improves the authenticity of English learning based on the service. This approach is based on a study on digital education contents that helps learners to acquire a foreign language in an unconscious state in their real environment and a study to analyze the empirical characteristics of users based on real-time multi-sensed data.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.619-626
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• 2020

Background: The effects of diol-ginsenoside fraction (Diol-GF) and triol-ginsenoside fraction (Triol-GF) from Korean Red Ginseng on the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) were examined in diabetes-prone biobreeding (DP-BB) rats that spontaneously develop T1D through an autoimmune process. Methods: DP-BB female rats were treated with Diol-GF or Triol-GF daily from the age of 3-4 weeks up to 11-12 weeks (1 mg/g body weight). Results: Diol-GF delayed the onset, and reduced the incidence, of T1D. Islets of Diol-GF-treated DP-BB rats showed significantly lower insulitis and preserved higher plasma and pancreatic insulin levels. Diol-GF failed to change the proportion of lymphocyte subsets such as T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages in the spleen and blood. Diol-GF had no effect on the ability of DP-BB rat splenocytes to induce diabetes in recipients. Diol-GF and diol-ginsenoside Rb1 significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor α production, whereas diol-ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd decreased interleukin 1β production in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, mixed cytokine- and chemical-induced β-cell cytotoxicity was greatly inhibited by Diol-GF and diol-ginsenosides Rc and Rd in RIN5mF cells. However, nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells was unaffected by diol-ginsenosides. Conclusion: Diol-GF, but not Triol-GF, significantly delayed the development of insulitis and T1D in DP-BB rats. The antidiabetogenic action of Diol-GF may result from the decrease in cytokine production and increase in β-cell resistance to cytokine/free radical-induced cytotoxicity.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.339-348
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• 2014

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has become an important tool used to enhance the environmental performance of process systems and products. LCA is an essential element in design for environment (DfE) because LCA can be utilized to evaluate and analyze environmental impacts incurred in the life cycle and supply chain. This review presents methodologies that can be used to integrate LCA into DfE activities and reduce environmental impacts from process systems and products; and introduces case studies for water supply systems and cellular phones. LCA is first used to quantify environmental impacts and identify the principal contributor to high impacts. In the next step, environmental impacts from principal contributors can be reduced by using mathematical optimization tools as an engineering and technological approach and by utilizing the cooperation of professionals from a diverse range of fields. Because the methodologies and case studies can be applied and extended to other fields, this review paper can contribute to helping prevent environmental pollution and enhance the sustainability of our society.