• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6653-6656
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• 2013

Background: The single most common proto-oncogene change in human neoplasms is a point mutation in RAS genes. A wide range of variation in frequency of KRAS mutations has been seen in hematologic malignancies. Despite this, RAS roles in leukemogenesis remain unclear. The frequency of KRAS mutations in CML has been reported to be between zero an 10%. Many attempts have been done to develop an anti-RAS drug as a therapeutic target. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran from 2010-2012. In 78 CML patients (diagnosed according to WHO 2008 criteria) in chronic or accelerated phases, KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 13 were analyzed using a modified PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results: We did not detect any KRAS mutations in this study. Conclusions: KRAS mutations are overall rare in early phase CML and might be secondary events happening late in leukemogenesis cooperating with initial genetic lesions.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 1996

Eighteen nuclear probes were used to examine RFLP(restriction fragment length polymorphism) between six species of Artemisia spp. of Korea. Total DNA from six different species of Artemisia was separately cut with three restrict enzymes. The PstI enzyme was showed to reduce the variation of polymorphisms than the other two enzymes(EcoRl and BamHI). The genetic variation of polymorphism was similar between the Dhewegiki-ssug and Cham-ssug. RAPD analysis was applied to the same six species of Artemisia spp. in order to assess the degree of DNA polymorphism within the Artemisia genus. Six species of Artemisia were evaluated for variation using a set of 11 random 10-mer primers. Nine out of the eleven primers revealed scorable polymorphisms between six species of Artemisia spp. Genetic distances between each of the species were calculated and cluster analysis was used to generate a dendrogram showing phylogenetic relationships between them This result indicates that molecular markers will be more usable in intraspecific study of Artemisia spp. than isoenzyme markers.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1132-1139
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• 2006

Single nucleotide polymorph isms (SNPs) in the MDR1 gene that are responsible for drug efflux can cause toxicity. Therefore, this study determined the SNPs of the Korean MDR1 gene, and analyzed the haplotypes and a linkage disequilibrium (LD) of the SNPs determined. The frequency of 9 SNPs from the MDR1 gene was determined by PCR-RFLP analyses of 100 to 500 healthy individuals. The frequcies of the SNPs were C3435T (47.7%), G2677T (37.6%), G2677A (4.4%), T1236C (21.7%), T129C (8%), A2956G (2.5%), T307C (1.5%), A41aG (9.2%), C145G (0%), and G4030C (0%). Analyses of the haplotype structure and an estimation of the LD of the combined polymorph isms demonstrated that the frequency of the 1236T-2677G-3435T haplotype is much higher in Koreans (14.1%) than in Chinese and western black Africans and the C3435T SNP in Koreans appears to have LD with T129C in Koreans for the first time. These results provide insight into the genetic variation of MDR1 in Koreans, and demonstrated the possibility of a new LD in this gene.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2002

Hypertension is a multifactorial disorder in which the genetic and environmental factors are involved. In a view of the effects for hypertension as a risk factor for hypertension, we investigated the genotype and allele frequencies in the four RFLPs of the apo AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster (G to A mutation at position -75 in the apo AI promoter SstI RFLP in the ape CIII gene and HincII and HinfI RFLPs in the apo AIV gene) in the Korean patients with hypertension and normal controls. The AA genotype frequency of the G to A promoter polymorphism in hypertensives was significantly higher than that of normotensives (P < 0.05). None of the other polymorphisms showed a difference in genotype frequency between two groups. Therefore, our result suggest that the G to A promoter polymorphism of the ape AI gene may be useful as genetic marker in the ethiology of hypertension.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2004

The genetic basis of hypertension is complex, and has been considered to be associated with the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DD2R). Because association studies using the candidate gene approach may provide important clues regarding the pathogenesis of hypertension and establish basis for further study, we performed the association study on the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in the DD2R gene and hypertension in Koreans. Eighty nine patients with hypertension and 86 age-matched subjects with normal blood pressure were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. PCR-RFLP analysis was performed to detect the three polymorphic Taq I sites in the DD2R gene. There were no significant differences in genotype, allele and haplotype distributions of any polymorphisms in the DD2R gene between two groups, respectively (P>0.05), although significant linkage disequilibriums among these polymorphic sites were detected by pair-wise analysis (P<0.05). Therefore, our negative result suggest that the three Taq I RFLPs in the DD2R gene were not significantly associated with hypertension in Koreans.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2011

The use of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (SP) for treatment of vivax malaria is uncommon in most malarious areas, but Plasmodium vivax isolates are exposed to SP because of mixed infections with other Plasmodium species. As P. vivax is the most prevalent species of human malaria parasites in Iran, monitoring of resistance of the parasite against the drug is necessary. In the present study, 50 blood samples of symptomatic patients were collected from 4 separated geographical regions of south-east Iran. Point mutations at residues 57, 58, 61, and 117 were detected by the PCR-RFLP method. Polymorphism at positions 58R, 117N, and 117T of P. vivax dihydrofolate reductase (Pvdhfr) gene has been found in 12%, 34%, and 2% of isolates, respectively. Mutation at residues F57 and T61 was not detected. Five distinct haplotypes of the Pvdhfr gene were demonstrated. The 2 most prevalent haplotypes were F57S58T61S117 (62%) and F57S58T61N117 (24%). Haplotypes with 3 and 4 point mutations were not found. The present study suggested that P. vivax in Iran is under the pressure of SP and the sensitivity level of the parasite to SP is diminishing and this fact must be considered in development of malaria control programs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.749-753
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• 2015

Toxoplasma gondii atypical type II genotype was diagnosed in a pet peach-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and multilocus DNA typing. The bird presented with severe neurological signs, and hematology was suggestive of chronic granulomatous disease. Gross post-mortem examination revealed cerebral hemorrhage, splenomegaly, hepatitis, and thickening of the right ventricular free wall. Histologic sections of the most significant lesions in the brain revealed intralesional protozoan organisms associated with malacia, spongiform changes, and a mild histiocytic response, indicative of diffuse, non-suppurative encephalitis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the causative organisms to be T. gondii. DNA isolated from the brain was used to confirm the presence of T. gondii DNA. Multilocus genotyping based on SAG1, altSAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico markers demonstrated the presence of ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotype #3 and B1 gene as atypical T. gondii type II. The atypical type II strain has been previously documented in Australian wildlife, indicating an environmental transmission route.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2011

Four strains of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) were isolated from 4 flocks of broiler or layer chickens affected by hydropericardium syndrome in Korea. These FAdVs were classified as serotype 4 by restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of hexon genes and whole genomes. The virus exhibited cytopathic effects consisting of rounding, ballooning and clustering in primary chicken embryo liver cell cultures. In transmission electron microscopy, virus particles in hexagonal shape aggregated exclusively in the nuclei of hepatocytes of the chickens as the typical appearances in adenovirus infections. Buoyant density of the virus in cesium chloride (CsCl) was 1.34 g/mL. The virus was stable to chloroform, ether, 50~70% ethanol, acidic condition at pH 3, 0.25% trypsin (1 : 250), heat at $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, but labile to 100% ethanol, heat at $52{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, 1 M $MgCl_2$ at $50^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, 1 : 2,000 formalin (37%). All of the physicochemical properties pertained to the characteristics of adenoviruses. Eight viral polypeptides were determined in CsCl-purified virus by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1822-1830
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• 2002

The microsatellites are the short tandem repeats of 1 to 6 bp long monomer sequences that are repeated several times. These short tandem repeats are considered to be generated by the slipped strand mispairing. Based on the unique capability of alternating purine-pyrimidine residues to form Z-DNA, the possible role of the microsatellites in gene regulation has been proposed. The microsatellites are highly polymorphic, follow Mendelian inheritance and are evenly distributed throughout the genomes of eukaryotes. They are easy to isolate and the polymerase chain reaction based typing of the alleles can be readily automated. These properties make them the preferred markers for comparison of the genetic structure of the closely related breeds/populations; very high-resolution genetic mapping and parentage testing etc. The microsatellites have rapidly replaced the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in most applications in the population genetics studies in most species, including the various farm animals viz. cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep and pigs etc. More and more reports are now available describing the use of microsatellites in pigs ranging from measurement of genetic variation between breeds/populations, developing high resolution genetic maps to identifying and mapping genes of biological and economic importance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6333-6337
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• 2014

Background: In this case-control study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Total 200 individuals including 100 patients with lung cancer and 100 controls were analyzed. Genotyping of MTHFR C677T was performed using PCR and RFLP methods. Results: The majority of the patients were men and 90% were smokers. We found that the risk ratio for development of LC was 13-times higher in smokers compared with non-smokers between patient and control groups in our study (OR:13.5, 95%CI:6.27-29.04, p:0.0001). Besides, the risk ratio for development of LC was nine times higher in individuals with cancer history in their family than those without cancer history (OR:9.65, 95%CI: 2.79-33.36; p:0.0001). When genotype distributions and allele frequencies were analyzed in the study groups, no significant difference was apparent (${\chi}^2$:0.53, p=0.76). In addition, no correlation between genotypes of MTHFRC677T polymorphism and histological type of LC was found (${\chi}^2$:0.99, p=0.60). Conclusions: These results suggest that there was no association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and lung cancer in the Turkish population.