• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2017

The Internet of Things can offer disabled people the assistance and support, which is essential to achieve a good quality of life. The visually impaired people need assistance in finding locations, detecting obstacles on the way, and getting directions while moving around to reach their destination. Based on this persistent need, this paper proposes a navigation system for blind people using Internet of Things. The technologies used in our proposed system are: a smart cane containing an RFID reader and an ultrasonic sensor, a smart phone and Internet. The sensed data from the ultrasonic sensor for detecting obstacle is converted to International Standard format from ISO/IEC 23005-5 (MPEG-V Part 5). The system detects the blind person's location using the RFID tags implemented on the way. The system uses voice message in the smart phone to communicate with the blind person to lead him to his destination. The proposed system has been tested to navigate successfully in the campus.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 2012

The most critical technology to implement ubiquitous health care is Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) technology which makes use of various sensor technologies, processor integration technology, and wireless network technology-Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-to easily gather and monitor actual physical environment information from a remote site. With the feature, the USN technology can make the information technology of the existing virtual space expanded to actual environments. However, although the RFID and the WSN have technical similarities and mutual effects, they have been recognized to be studied separately, and sufficient studies have not been conducted on the technical integration of the RFID and the WSN. Therefore, EPCglobal which realized the issue proposed the EPC Sensor Network to efficiently integrate and interoperate the RFID and WSN technologies based on the international standard EPCglobal network. The proposed EPC Sensor Network technology uses the Complex Event Processing method in the middleware to integrate data occurring through the RFID and the WSN in a single environment and to interoperate the events based on the EPCglobal network. However, as the EPC Sensor Network technology continuously performs its operation even in the case that the minimum conditions are not to be met to find complex events in the middleware, its operation cost rises. Moreover, since the technology is based on the EPCglobal network, it can neither perform its operation only for the sake of sensor data, nor connect or interoperate with each information system in which the most important information in the ubiquitous computing environment is saved. Therefore, to address the problems of the existing system, we proposed the design and implementation of USN integration management system. For this, we first proposed an integration system that manages RFID and WSN data based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). Secondly, we defined the minimum conditions of the complex events to detect unnecessary complex events in the middleware, and proposed an algorithm that can extract complex events only when the minimum conditions are to be met. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methods we implemented SIP-based integration management system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose an improved anti-collision algorithm. We have designed an anti-collision unit using this algorithm for the 18000-6 Type C Class 1 Generation 2 standard (Gen2). The Gen2 standard uses a Q-algorithm for incremental method on the Dynamic Slot-Aloha algorithm. It has basically enhanced performance over the Slot-Aloha algorithm. Unfortunately, there are several non-clarified parts: initial value. If an incorrect value is selected, it causes degradation in performance. To increase throughput and system efficiency, and to decrease tag identification time, we propose an improved anti-collision algorithm. prorosed Q algorithm has an increment of 5% of system efficiency and a decrement of 9% of tag identification time.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.133-158
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• 2010

Since 11 September 2001, the awareness of terrorists' actions has clearly risen. The potential threat of terrorists using containers poses a large risk to our economies and to our societies. In order to protect cargo from damage and terrorist threats, business and government turn to RFID and IC tags, and tradition container is replaced by IC smart container. In this study, presented application of IC tag and future tasks to Container transport by sea in viewpoint of security strengthening. First, realization and international SCM realization structural order that cover container supply chain whole of international standardization and association between industry are certainly needed. Second, it may have to try in technical development for IC tag Ratio that can read elevation moment develop suitable IC tag or reader in International Standard. Third, Need to establish concrete use policy as soon as possible in national dimension at the same time effort for international standard normalization of frequency. Finally, it shows to uses jointly with electron sealing and must solve problem about usable plan and information leak.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.151-171
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• 2012

In applying RFID/USN technology to various industries, it is needed to solve the problem caused by the system differences. Accordingly, this study introduces the common standard platform concept, and suggests the standard data scheme which provides the uniform perspective of classifying supply chain data and of using vocabularies. We selected several industry areas applicable for the platform, which are pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food and liquor industry. We collect and organize terminologies used in the supply chain of each industry, and then classify them according to the defined data attributes. The standardized vocabularies are suggested based on the contextured scheme of data classification. This study could provide more convenient way of communication between business partners, system developers and users of the platform.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 2009

Electronic Product Code Information Services(EPCIS) is an EPCglobal standard for sharing EPC related information between trading partners. EPCIS provides a new important capability to improve efficiency, security, and visibility in the global supply chain. EPCIS data are classified into two categories, master data (static data) and event data (dynamic data). Master data are static and constant for objects, for example, the name and code of product and the manufacturer, etc. Event data refer to things that happen dynamically with the passing of time, for example, the date of manufacture, the period and the route of circulation, the date of storage in warehouse, etc. There are four kinds of event data which are Object Event data, Aggregation Event data, Quantity Event data, and Transaction Event data. This thesis we propose an event-based data model for EPC Information Service repository in RFID based integrated logistics center. This data model can reduce the data volume and handle well all kinds of entity relationships. From the point of aspect of data quantity, we propose a formula model that can explain how many EPCIS events data are created per one business activity. Using this formula model, we can estimate the size of EPCIS events data of RFID based integrated logistics center for a one day under the assumed scenario.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.15C no.6
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• pp.439-446
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• 2008

Recently, the importance of EPCglobal Network and brisk researches on the RFID technologies and application have been increasing, also a number of industries including distribution and logistics are proposing various systems of the application. The Standard for EPCglobal Network, as now being in the process of its legislation, stipulates X.509 only for the method of encryption, without accurate specifications. This paper is, thus, to suggest the way of sending safely messages for the web-based service constituting EPCglobal Network, of verifying whether the received messages are effective, of encoding the messages for safer sending and of certifying between systems, and then to implement the way.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 2014

A fully integrated CMOS security-enhanced passive (SEP) tag that compensates the security weakness of ISO/IEC 18000-6C is presented in this paper. For this purpose, we propose a security-enhanced protocol that provides mutual authentication between tag and reader. We show that the proposed protocol meets the security demands of the ongoing international standard for RFID secure systems, ISO/IEC 29167-6. This paper fabricates the SEP tag with a 0.18-${\mu}m$ CMOS technology and suggests the optimal operating frequency of the CMOS SEP tag to comply with ISO/IEC 18000-6C. Furthermore, we measure the SEP tag under a wireless environment. The measured results show that communications between the SEP tag and reader are successfully executed in both conventional passive and SEP modes, which follow ISO/IEC 18000-6C and the proposed security enhanced protocol, respectively. In particular, this paper shows that the SEP tag satisfies the timing link requirement specified in ISO/IEC 18000-6C.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.528-536
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• 2011

In this paper, we analyze the location accuracy of real-time locating systems (RTLSs) in multipath environments in which the RTLSs comply with the ISO/IEC 24730-2 international standard. To analyze the location error of RTLS in multipath environments, we consider a direct path and indirect path, in which time and phase are delayed, and also white Gaussian noise is added. The location error depends strongly on both the noise level and phase difference under a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, but only on the noise level under a high SNR regime. The phase difference effect can be minimized by matching it to the time delay difference at a ratio of 180 degrees per 1 chip time delay (Tc). At a relatively high SNR of 10 dB, a location error of less than 3 m is expected at any phase and time delay value of an indirect signal. At a low SNR regime, the location error range increases to 8.1 m at a 0.5 Tc, and to 7.3 m at a 1.5 Tc. However, if the correlation energy is accumulated for an 8-bit period, the location error can be reduced to 3.9 m and 2.5 m, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.100-102
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• 2005

유비쿼터스는 현재의 제한된 컴퓨팅 환경을 떠나서 시간과 장소에 구애받지 않는 자유로운 컴퓨팅 환경을 제공함으로서 각광받고 있다. 그 중 언제어디서나 정보를 주고받을 수 있으며 가격과 성능 면에서 단연 뛰어난 RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)의 중요성은 점점 증가되고 있는 추세이다. 그러나, 이와 같은 우수성에도 불구하고, 정보 유출의 위험성을 내포하고 있으며, 개인의 위치 추적이나, 비 접근 권한자의 위장행세 등의 사용자 프라이버시 보호에 대한 많은 문제점들을 수반한다. 현재까지 이와 관련된 연구들이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히 그 중, Ohkubo의 해시함수를 이용한 프로토콜은 프라이버시 보호 측면에서 위치추적 공격(location tracking), 전방위보안성(forward security)과 같은 문제들에 대한 해결책을 제시하고 있으나, 해시함수를 태그에 직접 구현하는 것은 현재까지는 불가능한 상태이다. 또한, Martin Feldhofer는 대칭키 암호 알고리즘인 AES(Advanced Encryption Standard)를 태그에 구현을 함으로서 암호학적인 강도를 높였으나, 위치추적 공격에 대한 문제정과 물리적 공격에 대한 가정을 하지 않은 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존연구에서의 문제점들을 보완하고자 현실적으로 구현 가능한 AES를 사용하고, 위치추적 공격, 비권한자 접근(unauthorized access) 공격과 물리적 공격으로부터 안전하며 전방위보안성을 제공하는 기법을 제안한다.