• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2012

This study aims to provide new design directions for public housing by analyzing trends in housing design. To this end, we investigate the changes in population, household, society, policy, institution, and technology as the main factors that can affect the housing design trends. Then we analyze the applications of public housing design and suggest the new design directions for public housing after considering experts' opinions. The low growth rate of population, growing separation of household members and increasing level of income produced more diverse demands from residents. In addition, housing demand is notably different by region, and the supply of medium and small-sized housing and small scale developments are growing. Information technology and green technology are also advancing. As a consequence, future housing trends would change from numerically-controlled to performance-based, from central to regional-oriented, from unit to city-centric. Current designs of public housing reflect recent housing trends- in reducing the number of housings and making view corridors by placing a central square in the middle. This shows that the existing designs are not differentiated by region and we need to develop various approaches according to location characteristics and the corresponding new housing types. Therefore, this study proposes the following five directions: responsiveness to demand changes, reflection of location characteristics, connectivity to a local community, realization of green environment, and acquisition of housing function.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2008

Delirium is an organic psychiatric syndrome characterized by an acute onset, prominent disturbance of consciousness and cognitive impairment with fluctuating course. Although there is not a clear consensus concerning the optimal classification system for delirium subtypes, Lipowski(1983) firstly classified delirium by psychomotor activity, namely hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed. According results of several following studies, prevalence of hypoactive delirium were not less than that of hyperactive delirium. But a diagnosis of hypoactive delirium often missed, which is most frequently misdiagnosed as depression and dementia. Hyperactive delirium can be caused by alcohol or benzodiazepine withdrawal, would be related with excessive dopamine and cholinergic deficiency, and is more responsive to high-potency antipsychotics therapy. Hypoactive delirium would be caused by metabolic encephalopathy, and tends to present a less responsiveness to antipsychotics and poorer overall prognosis with a prolonged duration of admission than hyperactive delirium. Delirium is not a homogenous syndrome. Because of different subtypes, it may have dissimilar underlying pathogenetic pathways. So different treatment strategies between various subtypes may be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.118-132
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to compare communication and mother-child interactions of reactive attachment disordered children with normal children. The subjects were 24 children and their mothers participated in this study'12 reactive attachment disordered children and mothers, 12 normal children and mothers. The mother and her child were brought into a p]lay room and the mother was instructed to play with her child as she normally would at home. The play situations were videotaped. Tapes were transcribed and transcribed data was analyzed with 13 mutually exclusive categories encompassing pragmatic functions represented in communication form the early stage of multiword speech in childhood. The tapes were analyzed with 10 behavioral mother-child interaction patterns. As the statistical method, t-test and correlation was calculated. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Reactive attachment disordered children used significantly fewer 'filler', 'information', 'requests', 'describes' and 'disscus self'. 2) Reactive attachment disordered children's mother used significantly fewer 'filler' and 'names'. 3) Reactive attachment disordered children used significantly more 'independent play', fewer 'intiates interaction', 'responsiveness' and 'answer' Reactive attachment disordered children's mother used more 'control play', 'observe' and fewer 'initiates interaction'. 4) Children's communication patterns were related lo mother·'s communication and mother-child interaction types. Children's 'filler', 'information requests', 'describes' and 'disscus self' were consistantly related to mother's 'filler' and 'names', (Children's 'filler', 'information requests', 'describes'. 'disscus self' and mother-child's intiates interaction 'responsivness' were significantly positively correlationed and 'independant play', 'control play', 'observation' were significantly negatively correlationed. The results of reveal that communication and mother-child interaction pattern of reactive attachment disordered group was different from normal group and children's communication pattern were influenced by mother's communication and interaction patterns.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.113-136
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• 2019

Business performance is the ultimate output of company's effort. So in all academic area of business, scholars have tried to identify influencing factors on the business performance. This study also try to identify the factors and relati on among factors focusing on market orientation and relationship specific investment. Based on the literature review, we developed hypotheses. To examine the hypotheses we gathered survey data from B2B companies located in the Ulsan and 288 survey data was used to the analysis. Research results are as follows. As sub-factor of market orientation intelligence generation and responsiveness to intelligence affected on the relationship specific investment significantly and relationship specific investment also affected performance significantly. But all sub-factors of market orientation didn't influenced performance significantly meaning the mediating effect of relationship specific investment between market orientation and performance. Finally, the relation between intelligence generation and relationship specific investment was moderated negatively by dependence. The theoretical and practical implications of this study and limitations were discussed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.895-913
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• 2000

It is becoming increasingly clear that human gingival fibroblasts(HGF) may play a role in regulating immune responsiveness in inflammatory periodontal lesions. Stimulation of HGF with locally-secreted T cell cytokine $IFN_{\gamma}$ induces human leukocyte antigen class II(HLA II) expression on HGF, which is one of the characteristic feature of professional antigen presenting cells(pAPC). However, $IFN_{\gamma}$-treated HGF and other nonprofessional antigen presenting cells(npAPC) are known to be ineffective or less effective antigen presenter to resting T cells. This study, therefore, was undertaken in an effort to elucidate the differences in expression of cell surface molecules between npAPC in periodontal tissues, such as HGF and periodontal ligament fibroblasts(PDLF), and pAPC such as monocytes/macrophages. Using flow cytometry, the levels of cell surface expression of HLA-D, ICAM-1, LFA-3, and B7-1, which are involved in antigen presentation, were determined in HGF, PDLF and human myelomonocytic cell line THP-1. $IFN_{\gamma}$ clearly induced HLA-D expression on both of fibroblasts and monocytes dose dependently. However, expression level on monocytes were 4 to 5 times higher than that on fibroblasts, and induction rate was faster in monocytes than in fibroblasts. The levels of ICAM-1 expression on fibroblasts and monocytes were enhanced by $IFN_{\gamma}$ in a dose dependent manner. On the other hand, the expression of LFA-3 molecule, which could be detected in fibroblasts and monocytes without cytokine stimulation, was no more enhanced by addition of $IFN_{\gamma}$. B7-1, important costimulatory molecule in T cell activation and proliferation, was not detected on both of fibroblasts and monocytes even when stimulated with $IFN_{\gamma}$, except on monocytes fully differentiated by pretreatment of PMA and treated by $IFN_{\gamma}$. These results suggest that delayed expression of HLA-D and absence of B7-1 on $IFN_{\gamma}$ - treated fibroblasts may at least in part be involved in the ineffectiveness of fibroblasts as primary APC. And it is postulated that although periodontal fibroblasts may not serve as primary APC in normal periodontium, sustained expression of HLA II on ubiquitous fibroblasts in inflammatory lesions may perpetuate immune responses and produce chronic inflammation and tissue injury.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2001

The impact of childhood experience has lifelong significance on subsequent health and development. Especially, the experience of infant is mostly affected by the quality of parental care and rearing environment. But the new mothers usually do not know what to do because of the lack of experience in these days. Therefore, an educational program regarding maternal role would be necessary. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the maternal role education program for mother-infant interaction, child-rearing environment, and infant development. Non-equivalent control group time-series design was used, and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used as a conceptual framework of this study. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37 weeks, and their mothers. The final sample consisted of 19 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 18 dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th to September 3rd in 1999. For the intervention group, programmed education which focused on mother-infant interaction, breast feeding, and infant care was provided before discharge. Telephone counselling was provided within one week after discharge. Home visiting for maternal role education was provided twice, one month and three months postpartum. For the control group, home visiting was also conducted but only for data collection. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and t-test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effectiveness of intervention program was determined with repeated measure ANCOVA and t-test. The results were as follows: 1. Significant differences were found in mother-infant interaction between two groups(p=.000). It indicates that intervention program was effective in improving mother- infant interaction. In subscale analysis, four out of six subscale showed significant differences between the groups: sensitivity to cues (p=.000), social-emotional growth fostering (p=.000), cognitive growth fostering(p=.000) in mothers, and responsiveness to caregiver (p=.019) in infants. 2. The difference in the mean score of childrearing environment (HOME) between the intervention group and control group was significant(p=.003). When each subscale of HOME was examined individually, intervention group showed significantly higher scores in the diversity of stimulation(p=.000), and mother's involvement(p=.001). 3. Three-month-Infants of the intervention group showed higher GQ in the Griffiths mental development scale(p=.026). In subscale analysis, significant differences were found in the personal-social(p=.005), and the hearing and speech(p=.003). In conclusion, the maternal role education program proved to be effective in promoting the mother-infant interaction, organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. These results are very meaningful that we found maternal role education necessary for normal infants' mothers, and that nurses can make a great contribution in promoting health of infants and mothers.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.294-308
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to look into the service quality of websites and the attributes of review information thereon as perceived by visitors thereto and to analyze the effect that the service quality of festival websites and informative usefulness of testimonials would have on the satisfaction with use, along with the effect that the satisfaction with use would have on behavioral intention. Based on the results of this study, we intended to present measures that could help strengthen the intention to spread positive word-of-mouth for festivals and to visit a festival through satisfaction with a festival's website. The festival selected to achieve the objectives of this study was the Yeongdeok Snow Crab Festival, which is one of the most renowned local food festivals in the Gyeongbuk region, having been held for 17 consecutive years, and has been selected as the top festival of Gyeongsangbuk-do for 4 consecutive years. We surveyed visitors to Yeongdeok Snow Crab Festival who had searched for information on the Yeongdeok Snow Crab Festival prior to its opening, as well as those who had participated in Yeongdeok Snow Crab Festival before. The results of this study showed that review information on a food festival website, service quality design, adequacy of substance, responsiveness to customers, and system capability were found to have a positive effect on behavioral intention through satisfaction with use. The findings suggest that it is crucial to manage the service quality of websites in order to stimulate interest in, and induce visits to, food festivals.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study is to provide an evidence for clinical practice by systemic analysis on occupational therapy interventions for improvement of children's play. Methods : Articles used in this study were collected from database of Pubmed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, Scopus, RISS, KISS, and National Library of Korea. The key words used in the search were "Play AND Occupational Therapy AND (Intervention OR Treatment)" and the publication period was limited from January 2007 to April 2017. 11 articles in total were selected for the systematic review analysis. Results : The results revealed that the majority of studies was one-group non-randomized study and the majority of intervention used was play-based intervention in case of that play itself was the intervention goal. The most frequently used environment for the intervention was parallel setting of home and treatment room. The majority of studies was for children with ADHD and the most commonly used assessment tool was Test of Playfulness (ToP). Dependent variables measured along with play were language skills, social interactive skills, communication and pragmatic skills, problem-solving skills, caregiver responsiveness, and parent-child interaction. Conclusion : This study help to understand the current state of occupational therapy intervention for improvement of children's play. Starting with the understanding, it is expected that various studies on play of children will be done in the future.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.107-135
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the Korean version of the SERVPERF which has been widely used in order to measure service quality in various kinds of fields including social work. A total of 328 adults using social welfare centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the Korean version of the SERVPERF consists of 5 dimensions(tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) like the original SERVPERF. 5 dimensions of the Korean version of the SERVPERF have acceptable levels of internal consistency. Its convergent validity and discriminant validity are satisfactory. Finally, weak or non-significant correlations between 5 dimensions of the Korean version of the SERVPERF and social desirability scale indicated that the participants' reponses to the Korean version of the SERVPERF were not affected by social desirability.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.147-167
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the components and verify the relationship among service quality, customer satisfaction and relationship quality in liner shipping company. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, literature survey related to service quality, customer satisfaction, relationship quality was carried out and took an empirical analysis by the use of questionnaire method for employees in international freight forwarders. The final results are as follows; First, correlations between service quality and customer satisfaction are found to be positive. But service quality component of tangibles and responsiveness with customer satisfaction are not to be positive. Second, as the other study on the similar logistics industries, the correlation between customer satisfaction and relationship quality is found to be positive in this study.