• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

Comparisons are made between the first hyperpolarizability $\beta$ of pure N-(4-nitrophenyl)-(L)-prolinol (NPP) and poly (methyl metacrylate) (PMMA) or poly-p-(phenylene terephthalates) (PPT) with NPP side group determined with two different methods, electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation (EFISHG) and hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) methods. Both techniques yield the same values within the experimental errors for pure NPP and NPP-PMMA in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane solution. But the measured results of NPP-PPT polymer in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane solution are showing that the first hyperpolarizability was enhanced with an enhencement of a factor 9.7 in EFISHG and a factor 2.4 in HRS relative to pure NPP. These results indicate that nonlinear optical chromophores organized as side groups of polymers with a rigid backbone contribute coherently to the secondorder nonlinear response of the polymer in the dc electric field as polar polymer chains. hains.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2000

This study selects Sunwol local group, Gusang local group and Yongjun local group to examine the appropriate amount of applied fertilizer in cultivating the double crop seed of Alisma plantago by transplantation in the southern area, improve and complements the double cropping techniques and contribute to stable production. While the plant height is 45,47 and 49cm and the number of leaves is 11.7, 12.5 and 14.4 at non-fertilizing plot, the plant height is 67, 72 and 75cm and the number of leaves is 15.8, 17.2 and 19.3 at all fertilizing plot and their growth is active and in the character of plant height and the number of leaves, especially in the groove of N-P$_{2}$O$_{5}$-K$_{2}$O= 30-15-45kg/10a, the mean plant height of Sunwol is 75cm and mean number of its leaves is 19.3, the mean plant height and number of leaves in Gusang are 72cm and 17.2 respectively and those of Yongjun are 67cm and 15.8 respectively. While the number of floral axis is 1,2 in non-fertilizing plot, that of the whole varieties in all fertilizing plot is 3, 4, 5 and the mean floral axis of Sunwol is N-P$_{2}$O$_{5}$-K$_{2}$O = 10-5-15, 20-10-30, 30-15-45 kg/10a and 18-0-18 of complex fertilizer and 21-17-17kg/10a and it is small in all fertilizing plot. The yield of dry root per 10a is high in all fertilizing grooves and especially in the groove of N-P$_{2}$O$_{5}$-K$_{2}$O = 30-15-45 kg/10a, it is 372.6kg, in the groove of 18-0-18kg/10a using complex fertilizer, it is 389.1kg and in that of 21-17-17kg/10a, it is 376.7kg.6.7kg.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.132-139
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• 2000

This study was conducted to optimize the emulsion process and the spray drying process for the microencapsulation of flavor compounds. Using the wall system selected, emulsion process for microencapsulation was optimized on the change of the pressure of piston-type homogenizer. Emulsification pressure of 34.5 MPa was found to be the most suitable for preparing flavor emulsion. Effects of drying temperature and atomizer speed of the spray drier on total oil, surface oil, and flavor release of the flavor powder were investigated using response surface methodology. The optimum spray drying conditions for minimal surface oil and flavor release and maximum total oil were $170{\circ}C$ inlet temperature and 15,000 rpm atomizer speed. The spray-dried powder processed with the highest drying temperature showed spherically-shaped particles with smooth surface.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2000

Considering the thermal unstableness of ginseng components, microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) was performed under the atmospheric pressure condition. The monitoring of extraction characteristics and the optimization of extraction conditions were made by response surface methodology. The extraction efficiency of soluble ginseng components was high at lower ethanol concentration and at higher microwave power, while crude saponin content was easily extracted at higher ethanol concentration. Estimated conditions for the maximized extraction of soluble components including crude saponin, total phenolics and electron donating ability were $54{\sim}60%$ in ethanol concentration, $41{\sim}90$ W in microwave power, and within 4 min in extraction time. Predicted values at the optimum condition(60% ethanol, 80 W microwave power and 4 min extraction time) were in good agreement with observed values.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.3B
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• pp.408-422
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose a generalized vector channel model for wireless communication systems using antenna arrays. The proposed channel model reflects path loss. spatial-temporal variation of shadowing, multipath fading , Doppler effect, spatial distribution of local scatterers and delay spread due to remote dominant scatterers. In addition, we use a discrete ray model in which respective ray signal experiences independent shadowing, fading and Doppler shift, and impinges on antenna arrays at a distinct angle. Based on the proposed mode. we derive the relations on the spatial and temporal correlations of the received signals and implement a spatial channel simulator. By comparing the theoretical values with the simulated ones, we verify the effectiveness of the implemented simulator. The simulator is then used to generate an arbitrary channel impulse response and to analyze the channel characteristics under various environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2016

This study aimed to clarify the multifunctional services and space composition in the process of developing a multifunctional long-term care program in small elderly care facilities in Japan. We collected data about multifunctional long-term care at small facilities from the Community Life Support Center (CLC), a Japanese non-profit corporation, and conducted an interview survey of the members of the CLC's secretariat in 2014. Furthermore, we selected 3 Japanese pioneering care facilities (known as takurosho), and conducted interview surveys and data collection to clarify in detail the space composition and process of development of multifunctional long-term care at small facilities. Four distinct results were found. First, the facilities had gradually increased non-institutional services, including visitation, overnight stays, and long-term stays, to fit the needs of users and their families. Secondly, in the 1990s, they could offer both non-institutional and institutional services at the same facility, but after the long-term care insurance system began in 2000, non-institutional long-term stay services were not allowed. Third, the facilities had built extensions or extra rooms in response to increases in multifunctional services and users. These rooms had common characteristics, with sitting rooms at the center of the facility. Lastly, the maximum number of service users at each of the 3 facilities was limited to 15, to maintain a small scale. However, as the size of facilities was increased through building extensions or remodeling, the overall amount of area available to users increased.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.44-56
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• 2010

Objective : To characterize Five Woons of Asian women who live at Los Angeles area in U.S.A Methods : A set of physical tests and diagnostic questions were given to 242 Asian female subjects who were treated for their symptoms at a clinic of Asian medicine near Los Angeles in USA. The participants were given their constitutions, one of the Five Woons based on their birthdays. The physical tests included a body composition via Inbody 4.0 and an autonomic bioelectric response record via ABR2000. The oneway analysis of variance was applied to compare the means of the Five Woons and the physical test results. The Cross tabulation analysis was also applied to look for the effectiveness of Five Woons on the symptoms. Results : 1. In the body composition items, the LSD(least significant difference) showed that there were significant differences between the Soil Woon and the other Four Woons which are Water, Metal, Fire and Wood Woons in weight, fat, body fat %, BMI (p<0.2). 2. Based on the LSD, significant differences were observed among the Five Woons in R5, R6 and R7(p<0.2). 3. The cross tabulation analysis showed the significant effectiveness of the Five Woons on the five symptoms including dizziness, hot and cold, lower body edema, fatigue and to take a medication for high blood pressure out of 24 diagnostic questions (p<0.2). Conclusions : Further clinical research is necessary to develop a more delicate questionnaire and look for ways of characterizing the Five Woons. The diagnosis and corresponding treatment based on the Five Woons should be further studied in view of the Oriental medicine.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2002

Patient satisfaction is an important factor in evaluating the quality of care. Patient satisfaction may be used to evaluate provider services and facilities, and used to predict the patient returns to a facility. The patients d whether the patient returns to a facility or whether the patient recommends the facility to other people may be affected by a variety of factors of patient satisfaction. Low satisfaction may result in poor compliance with the potential of waste of resources and suboptimal clinical outcome. This study is to identify factors of patient satisfaction that will affect patients decision whether the patient returns or not. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in Seoul, Chung-Joo and Bu-Cheon cities, Survey data was obtained from 743 patients who visited the physical therapy practice at university hospitals, general hospitals and clinics. Response rate was 94.4%. The instrument developed by Goldstein et al. (2000) was used and translated into Korean. Several items were added to the instrument. Patient's opinions of service in each domain measured using 5-point Likert-type scales that ranged from strongly disagree to strongly agree. A multiple-regression analytic approach was used to predict overall satisfaction of physical therapy. Age, kindness, scheduling, convenience of parking, privacy, and waiting time predicted the overall satisfaction of physical therapy. The older patients had higher level of satisfaction with physical therapy compared with the younger patients. Patient satisfaction were more affected by access (scheduling and waiting time), administrative technical management (convenience of parking), and interpersonal management (kindness of physical therapists and other staffs) than clinical technical management (physical therapists' skills).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2000

Although nociceptive informations are thought to be processed via different neural mechanisms depending on the types of stimuli, sufficient data have not been accumulated yet. We performed a series of experiments to elucidate the possible neural mechanisms as to chemical stimuli such as formalin, capsaicin and ATP. Single unit activity of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons and high threshold cells were recorded extracellularly from the lumbosacral enlargement of cat spinal cord before and after chemical stimulation to its receptive field (RF). Each chemical substance - formalin $(20{\mu}l,\;4%),$ capsaicin (33 mM) or Mg-ATP (5 mM)- was injected intradermally into the RFs and then the changes in the spontaneous activity, mechanical threshold and responses to the peripheral mechanical stimuli were observed. In many cases, intradermal injection of formalin (5/11) and capsaicin (8/11) resulted in increase of the spontaneous activity with a biphasic pattern, whereas ATP (8/8) only showed initial responses. Time courses of the biphasic pattern, especially the late response, differed between formalin and capsaicin experiments. One hour after injection of each chemical (formalin, capsaicin, or ATP), the responses of the dorsal horn neurons to mechanical stimuli increased at large and the RFs were expended, suggesting development of hypersensitization (formalin 6/10, capsaicin 8/11, and ATP 15/19, respectively). These results are suggested that formalin stimulates peripheral nociceptor, local inflammation and involvement of central sensitization, capsaicin induces central sensitization as well as affects the peripheral C-polymodal nociceptors and neurogenic inflammation, and ATP directly stimulates peripheral nociceptors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

While agricultural water has been declared free in Korea to ensure access to these limited resource since the year 2000, farmers have however developed lackadaisical behavior towards water saving leading to its scarcity. To overcome this problem, a variety of experience-oriented education model was developed for farmers to promote the adoption of water conservation, and preventive measure against the drought impacts. In this study, farmers' awareness and their attitudinal behavior of agricultural water savings were investigated. The monitoring of water supply structure and the repair facilities in Pohang and Yeongdeok areas were conducted. The field visits and behavioral surveys showed a high degree of over-use and illegal water withdrawals by the farmers due to poor water-saving and management practices. We found that most of the KRC employees strongly admitted the necessity of water-saving education. On the other hand, the farmers showed good interest in the implementation of water-saving awareness through education. Besides this, most farmers agreed to adopt water-saving practices in the fields. Farmers also acknowledged the recklessness of water use was due to the aging of waterways, poor water management, and illegal water consumption. The majority of the farmers responded against imposing the water-use tariffs. However, there was a low response to paying the water-use charge. Aging agricultural facilities and the lack of institutional penalties or incentives were the major obstacles in achieving efficient water-saving. Considering the current drought frequency, urgent water-saving education of farmers was deemed necessary to prepare the farming community against the water shortages. Based on the results of this study, we have to identify the irrigation practices of farmers and provide water-saving education to enforce more efficient use and management of agricultural water.