• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.110-110
• /
• 2004

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.52-57
• /
• 2020

Bacterial symbionts are common across insects, including ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Reproduction-manipulating endosymbionts, such as Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, Rickettsia, and Cardinium, are closely associated with many aspects of host-insect life. In addition, phage WO plays an essential role in the phenotypic effects of Wolbachia. Although endosymbionts are possible biological control agents, there is a lack of knowledge of their rate of infection of ants in Korea. We tested a range of Korean ant species for the presence of Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, Rickettsia, Cardinium, and phage WO by extracting DNA from the ants and using specific primer sets to test the status of infections. In addition, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene of the host ants was amplified to confirm the molecular identification and phylogenetic relationship between the hosts. We found that infection with Wolbachia (29.6% of species) is relatively common when compared with that of other endosymbionts. Only one species was infected with Spiroplasma. Infection with Rickettsia and Cardinium was not detected in the examined ants. Most Wolbachia in ants were infected with phage WO. Although the phenotypic effects of endosymbionts in ants are still unknown, this first survey of endosymbionts in Korea is the first step toward the use of reproduction-manipulating endosymbionts.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.68-68
• /
• 2002

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2021

Reproduction and molt are costly processes in avian life histories. These two fitness-related traits are expected to be under one of physiological trade-offs. Age-related molt is known to be higher in young birds than that in adults presumably due to the cost of reproduction in adults. The present study partially replicated a previous study using a non-invasive method of seasonal wing feather loss instead of capture-inspection for molting progress in oriental storks (Ciconia boyciana). We first examined characteristics of the known six wing feather types (i.e., primaries [P], primary coverts [PC], secondaries [S], secondary coverts [SC], and tertials [T]) from two specimens with four wings. Results were utilized as references for further investigation. We then collected a total of 3,807 wing feathers shedded by 61 captive storks for one year and classified them into six wing feather types based on the reference with structures of vane (i.e., how asymmetrical) and calamus (i.e., how rigidly attached to skin) of wing feathers. Our results indicated that annual losses of all six-type wing feathers decreased with increasing ages, ranging from 29% to 58% for PC, alula, SC, P, S, and T in order. Our results were also comparable to those of a former study, suggesting that the pattern of age-specific molt might be associated with the cost of reproduction in adults. However, juveniles might shed more wing feathers with low quality formed during the previous development stage than older birds.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2014

The number of features related to morphology, distribution of habitats, biotopical distribution, and biology of species reproduction (within the territory described) of the Mongolian toad (Bufo raddei) which inhabits western shore of Lake Baikal were described. In this paper on the basis of the results of field studies in 1997, 2001, 2005, 2012 the original data on reproduction and chemical composition of the spawning ponds, used by frogs for reproduction, is presented. It was found that reproduction of species occurs in the salty steppe (14-45 g/L) lakes in the west part of the Baikal basin.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.89-106
• /
• 2016

Many plant species have two modes of reproduction: sexual and asexual. Both modes of reproduction have often been viewed as adaptations to temporally or spatially variable environments. The plant should adjust partitioning to match changes in the estimated success of the two reproductive modes. Perennial plants showed that favorable habitats in soil nutrients or water content tend to promote clonal growth over sexual reproduction. In contrast, under high light-quantity conditions, clonal plants tend to allocate more biomass to sexual reproduction and less to clonal propagation. On the other hand, plants with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers provides with a greater tendency of the opportunity to ensure some seed set in any stressful environmental conditions such as low light, low soil nutrients, or low soil moisture. It is considered that vegetative reproduction has high competitive ability and is the major means to expand established population of perennial plants, whereas cleistogamous reproduction is insurance to persist in stressful sites due to being strong. Chasmogamous reproduction mainly enhances established and new population. Therefore, the functions of sexual and asexual propagules of perennial or annual plants differ from each other. These traits of propagule thus determine its success at a particular region of any environmental gradients. Eventually, if environmental resources or stress levels change in either space or time, species composition will probably also change. The reason based on which the plants differ with respect to favored reproduction modes in each environmental condition, may be involved in their specific realized niche.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.291-294
• /
• 2012

Embryonic stem cell classically cultured on feeder layer with FBS contained ES medium. Feeder-free mouse ES cell culture systems are essential to avoid the possible contamination of nonES cells. First we determined the difference between ES cell and MEF by Oct4 population. We demonstrate to culture and to induce differentiation on feeder free condition using a commercially available mouse ES cell lines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
• /
• 2006.10a
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 2006

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2008

Subsocial behavior of the genus Cryptocercus cockroaches has been believed as primitive traits of termite eusociality. Thus, it has been believed that understanding Cryptocercus subsociality is a pre-requisite stage to infer evolutionary route of the eusociality in termites. Woodroaches of Cryptocercus are also well known because of its peculiar characteristics including adults living monogamously in pairs, semelparous reproduction, xylophagy, obligatory association between adults and their offspring, slow development, and anal trophallaxis by adults. Based on the previously accumulated data, we try to understand two major components of Cryptocercus life history, development and reproduction. We hypothesize that harsh winter and length of winter might be one of the main causes driving the appearance of the delayed development and semelparous reproduction in Cryptocercus life history.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.225-229
• /
• 2007

The mating systems of natural populations of Potentilla freyniana in Korea were determined using allozyme analysis. The result suggests that P. freyniana is outcrossing as well as employing vegetative reproduction by stolon (self-fertilization rate, s < 0.5). The values of the inbreeding coefficient of eight populations in Korea varied from 0.244 to 0.331, with an average value of 0.274. For eight natural populations, multi-locus estimates of outcrossing (tm) was 0.603 across 13 polymorphic loci, with individual population values ranging from 0.530 to 0.652. The relatively low outcrossing rates of some populations could be attributed to extensive vegetative reproduction by stolon and the isolation of flowering mature plants. Although P. freyniana usually propagated by asexually-produced ramets, I could not rule out the possibility that sexual reproduction occurred at a low rate because each ramet may produce terminal flowers. Although heterozygote excess was observed in some natural populations, most populations exhibited varying degrees of inbreeding and a heterozygote deficit.