• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2021

Although many guidelines for pancreatic cystic neoplasms focus on the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas (IPMN) at the highest oncological risk, there are many issues that surgeons need to consider at the time to plan the surgical procedures based on characteristics of IPMN subtypes, such as multiplicity of branch duct-IPMN (BD-IPMN) and intraductal spreading of main duct-IPMN (MD-IPMN). For multifocal BD-IPMN, partial pancreatectomy would be selected to remove BD-IPMN with predictors of malignancy, while the other lesions without risk factors can be left, although total pancreatectomy might be considered if the patients have a strong family history of pancreatic cancer. Partial pancreatectomy would be also adequate procedure for MD-IPMN if negative surgical margin for high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma were achieved. It has become to be well-known that patients with BD-IPMN are at increased risk for developing not only IPMN-associated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) but also PDAC independent from the IPMN. Hence, the detection of a concomitant PDAC is also an important focus for strategies after resection of BD-IPMNs. Our recent analysis of patients after partial pancreatectomy for MD-IPMN with negative surgical margin identified an unexpected recurrence pattern, which we called "monoclonal skip" recurrence. MD-IPMN seems to be disseminated in the pancreatic ductal systems and MD-IPMN with identical genetic background was detected in the remnant pancreas even in a long time after index surgery. We proposed strategies of postoperative surveillance based on characteristics and natural history of each morphological subtype.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.388-392
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• 2024

In liver transplantation, the primary concern is to ensure an adequate future liver remnant (FLR) volume for the donor, while selecting a graft of sufficient size for the recipient. The living donor-resection and partial liver segment 2-3 transplantation with delayed total hepatectomy (LD-RAPID) procedure offers a potential solution to expand the donor pool for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We report the first case involving a cirrhotic patient with autoimmune hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, who underwent left lobe LDLT using the LD-RAPID procedure. The living liver donor (LLD) underwent a laparoscopic left hepatectomy, including middle hepatic vein. The resection on the recipient side was an extended left hepatectomy, including the middle hepatic vein orifice and caudate lobe. At postoperative day 7, a computed tomography scan showed hypertrophy of the left graft from 320 g to 465 mL (i.e., a 45.3% increase in graft volume body weight ratio from 0.60% to 0.77%). After a 7-day interval, the diseased right lobe was removed in the second stage surgery. The LD-RAPID procedure using left lobe graft allows for the use of a small liver graft or small FLR volume in LLD in LDLT, which expands the donor pool to minimize the risk to LLD by enabling the donation of a smaller liver portion.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.315-324
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• 2024

The role of surgical resection in patients with recurrent pancreatic cancer is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the survival outcomes of pancreatic re-resection for locally recurrent pancreatic cancer following index pancreatectomy. A literature search was carried out in CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Proportion meta-analysis model was constructed to quantify 1 to 5-year survival after pancreatic re-resection for locally recurrent pancreatic cancer. Random-effects modelling was applied to calculate pooled outcome data. Fifteen retrospective studies were included, reporting a total of 250 patients who underwent pancreatic re-resection for locally recurrent pancreatic cancer following their index pancreatectomy. Pancreatic re-resection was associated with 1-year survival 70.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.0-76.2), 2-year survival 38.8% (95% CI, 28.6-49.0), 3-year survival 20.2% (95% CI, 13.8-26.7), and 5-year survival 9.2% (95% CI, 5.5-12.8). The between-study heterogeneity was insignificant in all outcome syntheses. Repeat pancreatectomy for local recurrence of pancreatic cancer in the remnant pancreas following the index pancreatectomy is associated with acceptable overall patient survival. We recommend selective re-resection of such recurrences in younger patients with favorable tumor size and location. Our findings may encourage more robust studies to be conducted in this context to provide stronger evidence.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.5 s.82
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• pp.625-642
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of mechanical and thermal fatigue stress on the shear, tensile and shear-tensile combined bond strengths(SBS, TBS, CBS) in various orthodontic brackets bonded to human premolars with chemically cured adhesive(Ortho-one, Bisco, USA). Five types of commercially available metal brackets with various bracket base configurations of Photoetched base(Tomy, Japan), Non-Etched Foil Mesh base(Dentaurum, Germany), Micro-Etched Foil Mesh base(Ortho Organizers, USA), Chessboard base(Daesung, Korea), and Integral base(3M Unitek, USA) were used. Samples were divided into 3 groups, the first group was acted with shear-tensile combined loads($45^{\circ}$) of 200g for 4 weeks(mechanical fatigue stress), the second group was subjected to the 5,000 thermocycles of 15 second dwell time each in $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$ baths(thermal fatigue stress), and the third group was the control. Bond strengths were measured at the crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. The cross-section of bracket base/adhesive interface and the fracture surface were examined with the stereoscope and the scanning electron microscope. The resin remnant on bracket base surface was assessed by ART(Adhesive Remnant Index). The obtained results were summarized as follows, 1. In static bond strength, Photoetched base bracket showed the maximum bond strength and Integral base bracket showed the minimum bond strength(p<0.05). In all brackets, shear bond strength(SBS) was in the greatest value and shear-tensile combined strength(CBS) was in the least value(p<0.05). 2. After mechanical fatigue test, Photoetched base bracket showed the maximum bond strength and Integral base bracket showed the minimum bond strength(p<0.05). In Photoetched base bracket and Micro-Etched Foil Mesh base bracket, shear bond strength(SBS), tensile bond strength(TBS) and shear-tensile combined strength(CBS) were decreased after mechanical fatigue test(p

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.1 s.96
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• pp.51-61
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a self-etching primer on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and on the failure pattern of bracket-adhesive interfaces in dry or wet condition. Brackets were bonded to extracted human teeth according to one of three experimental protocols. In the Group P, teeth were etched with $37\%$ phosphoric acid. After the Transbond XT Primer was applied onto the etched surfaces, the brackets were bonded with Transbond XT(3M, Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) and light cured for 40 seconds. In the Group SD, a self-etching primer(3M, Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) was placed on the enamel for 3 seconds and gently evaporated with air, as suggested by the manufacturer. The brackets were then bonded with Transbond XT as in the Group P In the Group SW, artificial saliva was applied to the enamel surface for 10 seconds to allow complete hydration of the surface before application self-etching primer The brackets were then bonded following the procedures of Group SD. Each group was divided into 2 sub-groups(0.5h, 24h) according to debonding time. Shear bond strengths were measured by Instron universal testing machine. After debonding, the teeth and brackets were examined under scanning electron microscope and assessed with the adhesive remnant index. The result obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The shear bond strengths were high enough to use clinically in all testing groups, but the shear bond strengths of Group SD and SW were significantly lower than Group P(p<0.05). 2. With respect to comparison of debonding time, 24h debonding samples exhibited heigher shear bond strength than 0.5h debonding samples in Group P, SD and SW(p<0.05). 3. In the self etching primer groups(Group SD and Group SW), there was no significant difference in mean shear bond strength between under dry and wet state(p>0.05). 4. There was a greater frequency of ARI score of 0 and 1 with the Group P. On the other hand, there was a higher frequency of ARI scores of 2 and 3 with Group SD and Group SW(p<0.05).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.5 s.76
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• pp.599-611
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate shear, tensile and shear/tensile combined bond strengths(SBS, TBS, S/TBS) in various orthodontic brackets bonded to human teeth with chemically cured adhesive (Ortho-one, Bisco, USA). Five types of metal brackets with various bracket base configurations (Micro-Loc base(Tomy, Japan), Chessboard base(Daesung, Korea), Non-Etched Foil Mesh base(Dentarum, Germany), Micro-Etched Foil Mesh base(Ortho Organiners, USA), Integral base(Unitek, USA)) were used in this study. Shear, tensile and shear/tensile combined bond strengths according to the direction of force were measured by universal testing machine. The bracket base surface after bond strength test were examined by stereoscope and scanning electron microscope. The assessment of resin remnant on bracket base surface was carried out by ARI(adhesive remnant index). The results obtained were summarized as follows, 1. In all brackets, SBS was in the greatest value(p<0.05), TBS was in 50% level and S/TBS was in 30% level of SBS. 2. In bond strength, Micro-Loc base bracket showed the maximum bond strength($SBS:22.86{\pm}1.37kgf,\;TBS:11.37{\pm}0.42kgf,\;S/TBS:6.69{\pm}0.34kgf$) and Integral base bracket showed the minimum bond strength($SBS:10.52{\pm}1.27kgf,\;TBS:4.27{\pm}1.08kgf,\;S/TBS:2.94{\pm}0.58kgf) (p<0.05). 3. In bond strength per unit area, Integral base bracket showed the minimum value, Micro-Loc base and Chessboard base brackets were in similar value(p>0.05). Non-Etched Foil Mesh base and Micro-Etched Foil Mesh base bracket were similar in SBS and TBS(p>0.05), but Micro-Etched Foil Mesh base bracket was greater than Non-Etched Foil Mesh base bracket in S/TBS(p<0.05). 4. Bond failure sites were mainly between bracket base and adhesive, therefore ARI scores were low.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.309-317
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• 2016

Industrial advancements have resulted in food culture development, followed by increased seafood consumption and large-scale seafood farming, which has been accompanied by an increased prevalence of fish disease. The antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) is commonly used to prevent and treat bacterial diseases in fish. However, overuse of OTC had led to negative aspects. In view of this, we conducted a research with regard to aspects of remnants on olive flounder skin, liver, and muscle through dipping treatment and oral feeding of OTC and analyzed the results with bioassay and HPLC quantitative analyses. The dipping treatment was carried out once with 25 g/ton/hr of OTC, and the oral treatment with 62.5 mg/kg body weight/7 days. The results underwent a bioassay analysis. The dipping group reacted only on the skin right after dipping, while the oral feeding group responded on the skin for 77 days after feeding and on the muscle for 14 days. In the dipping group, the HPLC quantitative analysis revealed remnants in the skin on the 37th day and on the 13th day in the liver group. No remnants were found in the muscle, even immediately after dipping. In the oral feeding group, there was a high concentration (1.07 mg/kg) of remnant in the skin, even on the 77th day. 0.56 mg/kg in the liver, even a small amount, and no remnant in the muscle on the 42nd day. To sum up, the results suggest that it will not be harmful to our body to observe the OTC withdrawal period of 40 days with the muscle because OTC will hardly remain on it. When using olive flounder for sashimi, the skin and liver should not be used for broth, as the quantity of OTC residue is several times higher than that found in muscle. As previous studies reported that the concentration of remnants gradually decreased with heating, so it was likely to lessen, depending on the cooking temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 1999

Purpose : After the total or partial meniscectomy of the lateral discoid meniscus, many patients complain the residual pain or the recurrent symptoms of the meniscus, and some of them need reoperation. We analyzed the causes of the reoperation after initial meniscectomy. Material & Method : Two hundred seventy three patients with the symptomatic lateral discoid meniscus were treated by arthroscopic meniscectomy between October, 1989 and September, 1998. Of the 273 patients, 69 patients were treated by total meniscectomy and 204 patients were treated by partial meniscectomy. The male to female sex ratio was 1:1.04, and the average of the age was 23.1 years old(from 4 to 59 years old). The reoperation was done in 8 patients, of which 1 was the case of total meniscectomy at the initial operation, and the rest 7 were the case of partial meniscectomy. Results : Of the 8 reoperations, 3 patients recurred the meniscal symptoms within the 3rd week after the initial operation, and 5 patients recurred beyond the 3rd week after the initial operation. Among the 3 patients of carly recurrence, 2 patients showed inadequate sizes of the remnant meniscus, and 1 patient showed posterolateral instability of the remained meniscus. Among the 5 patients of late recurrence, 3 patients showed rerupture of the meniscus, and 2 patients showed associated pathology of degenerative arthritis following osteochondritis dissecans. Conclusions : The reoperation rate after initial meniscectomy of the lateral discoid meniscus was higher in partial meniscectomy than total meniscectomy. During the operation of the lateral discoid meniscus, we must determine the adequate resectional margin, confirm the remnant meniscus by probing, and look for the associated pathologies.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2003

Purpose: To evaluate diagnostic sensitivity of nuclear imaging in the detection of residual thyroid tissue and metastatic lesion, we have compared neck scintigrams with Tc-99m pertechnetate (Tc-99m scan) and high dose I-131 iodide (I-131 scan) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Subjects and Methods: One hundred thirty-five thyroidectomized patients for differentiated thyroid cancer were enrolled in this study. Twenty-three had a previous history of radioiodine therapy. Planar and pin-hole images of anterior neck with Tc-99m were acquired at 20 minutes after injection, followed by I-131 scan three days after high-dose radioiodine therapy within 7 days interval. Patients were asked to discontinue thyroid hormone replacement more than 4 weeks. Results: All subjects were in hypothyroid state. Seventy out of 135 patients (51.9%) showed concordant findings between Tc-99m and I-131 scans. I-131 scan showed higher number of uptake foci in all of 65 patients showing discordant finding. Tc-99m scan showed no thyroid bed uptake in 34 patients, whereas 23 of them (67.6%) showed bed uptake in I-131 scan. Tc-99m scan did not show any uptake in thyroid bed in 11 of 112 patients without previous history of radioiodine therapy, but 9 of them showed bed uptake in I-131 scan. Tc-99m scan showed no bed uptake in all of the 23 patients with previous history of radioiodine therapy, in contrast 14 of them (60.9%) showed bed uptake in I-131 scan. Conclusion: These results suggest that Tc-99m scan has poor detectability for residual thyroid tissue or metastatic lesion in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer patients, compared to high dose I-131 therapy scan. Tc-99m scan could not detect any remnant tissue or metastatic lesion in patients with previous history of radioiodine treatment, especially.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.175-183
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• 2008

Liver regeneration is a result of highly coordinated proliferation of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver cells. At this process, induction of metallothionein (MT), which is low molecular and cysteine rich, has been reported. The present study was carried to find the ultrastructure of hepatocytes and determine the expression of MT in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy. As a result, the remnant liver after PH grew fast from 1 day until 7 days. Various changes were morphologically observed. Disintegration of cell plates and liver lobule appeared shortly after PH. And hepatocytes showed the rapid proliferation, characterized by high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, weak intercellular junctional complexes, chromatin condensation, increase of ribosomes and mitochondria, and temporary increase of lipid droplets. Finally, remodeling of the liver lobule was completed through the rearrangement of blood vessels and cell plates by 7 days after PH. On histochemistry, immunoreactivity indicating the presence of MT appeared moderately throughout the cytoplasm of control rat hepatocyte. After PH, positive reactions for MT increased at the cytoplasm and the nucleus. These results suggest that the remnant liver cells immediately entered cell proliferation and increase of MT expression after PH. It is thought that MT protein might be associated with transfer of some factors needed to cell division from the cytoplasm to the nucleus for regeneration of the liver after PH.