• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.193-194
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• 2019

Due to structural problems in the transportation market, such as fraudulent competition and multi-level transportation transactions, tariff are not properly refIected to the final trucker even if freight tariff are increased due to diesel price hikes and transportation cost increases. By Launched "standard tariff system" in 2017 based on the trucks, government would tried to guarantee the minimum tariff such that prevents overloading, speeding, and strain for trucker. However, It is necessary to analyze in advance the issue of the system and its impact on container freight. Thus, this study analyzes the issues and countermeasures related to the tariff system that is formed when the "Truck Safety Rates" is introduced, and also analyzes the influence factors of the expenditure cost on the container freight which is applied to the "Truck Safety Rates".

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.215-219
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the screw-in effect and torque generation depending on the size of glide path during root canal preparation. Materials and Methods: Forty Endo-Training Blocks (REF A 0177, Dentsply Maillefer) were used. They were divided into 4 groups. For groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, the glide path was established with ISO #13 Path File (Dentsply Maillefer), #15 NiTi K-file NITIFLEX (Dentsply Maillefer), modified #16 Path File (equivalent to #18), and #20 NiTi K-file NITIFLEX, respectively. The screw-in force and resultant torque were measured using a custom-made experimental apparatus while canals were instrumented with ProTaper S1 (Dentsply Maillefer) at a constant speed of 300 rpm with an automated pecking motion. A statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and the Duncan post hoc comparison test. Results: Group 4 showed lowest screw-in effect ($2.796{\pm}0.134$) among the groups (p < 0.05). Torque was inversely proportional to the glide path of each group. In #20 glide path group, the screw-in effect and torque decreased at the last 1 mm from the apical terminus. However, in the other groups, the decrease of the screw-in effect and torque did not occur in the last 1 mm from the apical terminus. Conclusions: The establishment of a larger glide path before NiTi rotary instrumentation appears to be appropriate for safely shaping the canal. It is recommended to establish #20 glide path with NiTi file when using ProTaper NiTi rotary instruments system safely.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1654-1663
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• 2018

Finding a safe and broad-spectrum medication is a goal of scientists, pharmacists, and physicians, but developing and fabricating the right medicine can be challenging. The current study describes the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Fusarium mangiferae. It involves the antibiofilm activity of the nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus. It also involves cytotoxic effect against mammalian cell lines. Well-dispersed nanoparticles are formed by F. mangiferae. The sizes of the nanoparticles were found to range from 25 to 52 nm, and UV-Vis scan showed absorption around 416-420 nm. SEM, TEM, and AFM results displayed spherical and oval shapes. Furthermore, the FTIR histogram detected amide I and amide II compounds responsible for the stability of AgNPs in an aqueous solution. AgNPs were observed to decrease the formation of biofilm at 75% (v/v). DNA reducing, smearing, and perhaps fragmentation were noticed after treating the bacterial cells with 50% (v/v). Additionally, cell lysis was detected releasing proteins in the supernatant. It was also observed that the AgNPs have the ability to cause 59% cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) deaths at 25% (v/v), however, they showed about 31% toxicity against rat embryo fibroblast transformed cell lines (REF). The results of this study prove the efficiency of AgNPs as an antibiofilm against S. aureus, suggesting that AgNPs could be an alternative to antibiotics. It must also be emphasized that AgNPs displayed cytotoxic behavior against mammalian cell lines. Further studies are needed for assessing risk in relation to the possible benefit of prescribing AgNPs.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.4072-4089
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• 2018

This paper introduces a scheme for optimizing the material properties of mass-spring systems of different resolutions to provide coherent behavior for reduced level-of-detail in MSS(Mass-Spring System) meshes. The global optimal material coefficients are derived to match the behavior of provided reference mesh. The proposed method also gives us insight into levels of reduction that we can achieve in the systematic behavioral coherency among the different resolution of MSS meshes. We obtain visually acceptable coherent behaviors for cloth models based on our proposed error metric and identify that this method can significantly reduce the resolution levels of simulated objects. In addition, we have confirmed coherent behaviors with different resolutions through various experimental validation tests. We analyzed spring force estimations through triangular Barycentric coordinates based from the reference MSS that uses a Gaussian kernel based distribution. Experimental results show that the displacement difference ratio of the node positions is less than 10% even if the number of nodes of $MSS^{sim}$ decreases by more than 50% compared with $MSS^{ref}$. Therefore, we believe that it can be applied to various fields that are requiring the real-time simulation technology such as VR, AR, surgical simulation, mobile game, and numerous other application domains.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 1989

In this paper, applying the REC model which characterizes the coupling between the radiating edges to two coupled rectangular microstrip patch antenna, we obtain scattering parameters $\mid$ $S_{11}$ $\mid$ and $\mid$ $S_{12}$ $\mid$for the various coupling separations, Se=0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, and 2.0mm, The calculated values are compared with the measured values. For the rectangular microstrip patch antenna with a parasitic element which is gap-coupled to the radiating edges of the rectangular patch, calculated return losses using the REC model are compared with measrued values. Here, the each microstrip antenna is fed by a 50 microstrip line. The purpose of the paper is to compare a 50$\Omega$ microstrip line fed case with a coaxial fed case treated in Ref.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.2C
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• pp.213-221
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• 2004

A new method for design of two-channel finite-impulse response(FIR) quadrature mirror-image filter(QMF) banks with low reconstruction delay using weighting function is proposed. The weighting function used in this paper is calculated from the previous updated filter coefficients vector which is adjusted from iteration to iteration in the design of QMF banks. In this paper, passband and stopband edge frequency are used in design of QMF banks with low delay characteristic in time domain instead of specific frequency interval where the artifacts occur in conventional design method. The investigation of specific frequency interval where artifacts occur can not be required by using passband and stopband edge frequency. Some comparisons of performance are made with other existing design method to demonstrate the proposed method for QMF bank design. and it was observed that the proposed method using the weighted function and passband and stopband edge frequency improves the peak reconstruction error by 0.001 [dB], the peak-to-peak passband ripple by 0.003[dB], SNR with a white noise by 7[dB] and SNR with a step input by 32[dB], but with a reduction of the computational efficiency because of updating the weighting function over the conventional method in Ref [11].

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.1005-1008
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to estimate basic mechanical properties of alkali-activated concretes based on GGBS(Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag). In this study, various mix ratios of alkali activated concretes based on sodium silicate and GGBS were set to evaluate concrete's compressive strengths and strains on the basis of results of existing alkali-activated cements and preliminary concrete tests, which were already performed by authors [Ref. 1]. Compressive strengths of concretes of ages 1, 3, 7, 28, 56 and 91 days were tested and investigated, respectively, and at early ages (< 7days) alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) showed a high strength development, compared to that of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). A compressive strengths of AASC at age-3days range between 18 and 24 MPa, while those of OPC range 12 and 15 MPa. The stress-strain curve after maximum stress, on the other hand, is approximately reached at a compressive strain between 0.002 and 0.0025, which mechanical property is very similar to that of OPC.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.291-294
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• 2006

Corrosion is never avoided in the use rf materials with various environments. The underwater hull is normally protected against rusting by several coatings of anti-corrosive paint. The purpose of ICCP(Impressed Current Cathodic Protection) system is to eliminate the rusting or corrosion, which occurs on metal immersed in seawater. This thesis is about the ICCP control and monitoring system, which brings protection against the corrosion of the ship's hull in the sea environments. The test system for ICCP is composed of a power supply, anode, reference electrode and controller. The test system is composed power supply, anode, ref electrode, shunt and etc. The protection current is sent to the protection area though anode. Reference electrode senses whether or not the detected potential is within a range of protection of test equipment and then it is automatically controlled to increase or decrease the amount of protective current to be sent to the anode by controller. The monitoring system with LabView is also detected in order to check the normal state of the system at operation period, because an operator does not always watch over this system and thus the system cannot operate well because rf his or her negligent management. This paper was studied the variation of potential and current density with environment factors, velocity and time, and the experimental results will be explained Also, It is suggested that this system can accommodate a ship's automation for SCMS(Ship Control and Management System) and will be very useful.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.713-718
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• 2011

The advancement of computer network technology, coupled with the growing prevalence of Internet, is promoting ubiquitous computing, also called next-generation computing paradigm, as an important study field that many researches are joining and undergoing. In this paper, as the support technology for creating ubiquitous computer environment, we design the SSDLbased on XMLwhich is used for sending and receiving data by USN application service in a standardized form. A ref model, with no regard to different platforms or implementation languages, is proposed in our research on the basis of web service so that most of unspecified users could apply the standardized protocol designed for sensor data to real sensor data in various application environments based on the designed language. Therefore, through this research we can take advantage of acquisition of USN-based technology and technology draft related to application service.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.153-156
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• 2008

Complex diseases such as stroke and cancer have two or more genetic loci and are affected by environmental factors that contribute to the diseases. Due to the complex characteristics of these diseases, identifying candidate genes requires a system-level analysis of the following: gene ontology, pathway, and interactions. A database and user interface, termed StrokeBase, was developed; StrokeBase provides queries that search for pathways, candidate genes, candidate SNPs, and gene networks. The database was developed by using in silico data mining of HGNC, ENSEMBL, STRING, RefSeq, UCSC, GO, HPRD, KEGG, GAD, and OMIM. Forty candidate genes that are associated with cerebrovascular disease were selected by human experts and public databases. The networked cerebrovascular disease gene maps also were developed; these maps describe genegene interactions and biological pathways. We identified 1127 genes, related indirectly to cerebrovascular disease but directly to the etiology of cerebrovascular disease. We found that a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network that was associated with cerebrovascular disease follows the power-law degree distribution that is evident in other biological networks. Not only was in silico data mining utilized, but also 250K Affymetrix SNP chips were utilized in the 320 control/disease association study to generate associated markers that were pertinent to the cerebrovascular disease as a genome-wide search. The associated genes and the genes that were retrieved from the in silico data mining system were compared and analyzed. We developed a well-curated cerebrovascular disease-associated gene network and provided bioinformatic resources to cerebrovascular disease researchers. This cerebrovascular disease network can be used as a frame of systematic genomic research, applicable to other complex diseases. Therefore, the ongoing database efficiently supports medical and genetic research in order to overcome cerebrovascular disease.