• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2001년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.426-430
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• 2001

Treatment efficiency and plant growth of a combined Pond-Wetland system was investigated. The system is composed of primary and secondary ponds and six wetland cells. Reed and cattail were planted as vegetation of wetland cells. The removal rates of BOD, SS, T-N, and T-P were 40%, 41%, 30%, and 47% at the secondary pond, respectively. The system removal rates measured at the last wetland cell were 57%, 54%, 60%, and 68% for BOD, SS, T-N, and T-P, respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1129-1137
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• 2008

We investigated the ecological characteristics of reed populations growing in Korea and tried to select reed populations showing better growth patterns in waste landfill leachate. To examine the growth characteristics, 14 reed populations from various habitats were collected. Four reed populations were from inland reclaimed habitats, 4 reed populations from brackish or salt marsh habitats, and 6 reed populations from fresh water habitats. Total plant biomass after the treatment with landfill leachate showed that Daebudo and Nanjido reed populations had the higher biomass with 3755 g DW/pot and 3305 g DW/pot, respectively. Reed populations being sampled from the higher salinity and landfill habitats had relatively higher total biomass than that of other reed populations. Especially reed populations from landfill habitats showed higher biomass. Reed populations from Songjiho and Daebudo, which were believed to have tolerance to salt stress, also showed good growth patterns. Population from the fresh water habitats exhibited relatively lower tolerance to leachate treatment compared to others. From the results, we could conclude that reed populations from Nanjido and Daebudo with higher biomass and better salt tolerance were able to good candidates for purification of waste landfill leachate.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2004

$NO^3$-N removal was examined from July 2002 to December 2002 of a surface-flow constructed treatment wetland cell, which was a part of a treatment wetland system composed of four wetland cells and one distribution pond. The system was established on rice paddy near the Kohung Estuarine Lake located at the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The lake and the paddy were formed by a salt marsh reclamation project. Effluent from a secondary-level treatment plant was funneled into the system. The investigated cell was created in June 2002. Its dimensions were 87 m in length and 14 m in width. It had an open water zone at its center, which was equivalent to 10 percent of its total area. Reeds(Phragmites australis) were transplanted from natural wetlands into the cell and their stems were cut at about 40 cm height from their bottom ends. Average 25 $m^3$/day of effluent from the plant was funneled into the cell by gravity flow and average 24.2$m^3$/day of its treated effluent was discharged into the Sinyang Stream flowing into the lake. Its water depth was maintained about 0.2 m and its hydraulic detention time averaged 5.2 days. The average height of the reed stems was 45.2 cm in July 2002 and 80.5 cm in September 2002. The number of stems averaged 40.3 stems/$m^2$ in July 2002 and 74.5 stems/$m^2$ in September 2002. The reeds were established initially well. $NO_3$-N loading rate of influent and effluent averaged 173.7 and $93.5mg/m2{\cdot}day$, respectively. Removal of $NO_3$-N averaged $80.2mg/m2{\cdot}day$ and its removal rate by mass was about 50 %. Considering the initial operation of the cell and the inclusion of the cold months of November and December in the analysis period, the $NO_3$-N removal rate was good.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 직렬연결 2단 수직 및 수평 모래 갈대 인공습지에 생활하수를 간헐적으로 주입하였을 때 각 수질항목별 처리효율을 평가하는 것이다. 하수는 수리학적 부하량 $314L/m^2{\cdot}day$(수직 흐름 인공습지 기준)를 하루 4(10분 동안 주입후 5시간 50분 동안 중단)회 균등하게 간헐적으로 주입하였다. 평가 결과 pH는 유입수(7.27)보다 수직 흐름 인공습지 유출수(5.81)에서 감소하였다가 수평 흐름 인공습지 유출수(6.40)에서 다시 증가하였다. DO의 농도는 유입수에 비하여 유출수에서 높았으며 겨울로 갈수록 증가하였다. 수직 흐름 인공습지의 산소 전달율 (oxygen transfer rate: OTR)은 $58.72gO_2/m^2{\cdot}day$ 그리고 수평 흐름 인공습지의 OTR은 $7.72gO_2/m^2{\cdot}day$이었다. 각 항목별 평균 처리효율은 SS 94.80%, BOD 90.77%, $COD_{Cr}$ 85.87%, $COD_{Mn}$ 87.72%, T-N 64.74%, $NH_4{^+}$-N 86.44%, T-P 87.70%이었다. 유출수중 T-N의 반 정도는 $NO_3{^-}$-N(7.21 mg/L)이었으며 $NO_2{^-}$-N은 평균 0.64 mg/L이었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1061-1069
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• 2019

Common reed (Phragmites australis) is widespread in reclaimed land and wetland habitats. Every year, the common reed produces extensive colonies by means of underground rhizomes and ground-surface stolons. From an agricultural point of view, the common reed's large biomass is a good material for supplying organic matter. However, it has not yet been studied in terms of seedling production, transplanting conditions, and decomposition characteristics in reclaimed land. Seeds were harvested from the native common reed in Saemangeum, South Korea, the previous year and stored on an open field. The seeds were sowed in the greenhouse at the beginning of April. Common reed decomposition was studied from June to September, with the use of coarse mesh (5 mm) stem litterbags, on three samping dates and with five replicate packs per sample. These packs were dug in five soil condition (low-salinity topsoil, subsoil, high-salinity topsoil, subsoil, paddy topsoil) to 0.2 m and 0.4 m depth. The highest germination rate of common reed seeds was observed in non-salt solution, but the exhibited germination rate was 70% at 9.38 dS m^-1. The plant height of young reed decreased steadily with increasing salinity, but leaf number did not decrease by 9.38 dS m^-1. The survival rate of the two-year-old reed was 83.3%, which was 35% higher than that of the one-year reed. The transplant success rate was 0% in the no vinyl mulching in the soil, but the first year and second year seedlings survived rates were 63% and 83.3%, respectively, in vinyl mulching. Common reed decomposition rates were faster low salinity than high salinity. All nutrient contents were found to fluctuate significantly with time by soil conditions. We also need to study the growth rate of reed transplanting seedlings by soil moisture contents and the comparison of degradation in common reed tissues.

• 생태와환경
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 mesocosm을 이용하여, 습지내 인의 거동을 살펴보기 위한 현장실험 자료를 고찰하였으며, 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Mesocosm내 수체의 TP농도는 대조구인 M1에서는 $0.48\;mg\;L^{-1}$에서 $0.6\;mg\;L^{-1}$으로 증가한 반면, 처리구인 M2, M3, M4에서는 12.4, 20.4, $23.6\;mg\;L^{-1}$에서 1.92, 6.97, $6.94\;mg\;L^{-1}$로 감소되었고 TP 감소율은 M2, M3, M4에서 각각 84.5, 65.8, 70.6%로 평균 73.7%의 감소율을 보였다. 처리구 중 부착조류가 사멸하지 않은 M2와 대조구인 M1의 전체적인 물질 수지를 비교해 보면, M1의 경우는 부착조류에서의 인의 양이 소량 증가하였고, 갈대와 퇴적물에서의 인의 양은 소량 감소하였다. M1에서 부착조류의 인의 양이 늘어난 것은 대형수생식물이 고사기에 접어들어 습지내의 광조건이 충분해지면서 조류의 증가가 일어난 것이라 판단된다. M2의 경우엔 퇴적물내의 인의 총양은 5, 443 mg에서 8, 086 mg으로 증가하였고, 부착조류와 갈대 역시 각각 1, 147 mg, 1, 740 mg에서 2, 452 mg, 2.160 mg으로 증가하였다. 이로써 습지내 인의 거동에 있어 부착조류와 거대조류에 의한 인의 흡수와 침전 및 식물체에 의한 흡수가 주된 역할을 한다고 판단되며, 부착조류의 흡수가 활발했던 M2의 경우 TP 감소율이 85%에 이르고 부착조류의 흡수가 없었던 M3, M4에서 70% 이하의 TP 감소율을 나타낸 것을 볼 때, 침전과 식물체에 의한 흡수가 병행되는 것이 고농도의 TP처리에 상당히 효과적이라 생각된다. Mesocosm을 이용한 인의 이동경로 추정은 영향인자가 많은 습지내 오염물질 거동을 규명하는 매우 유용한 방법이라 판단되며, 그 결과는 인공습지를 조성하여 활용하는 데 필요한 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.893-900
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• 2009

시화호 인공습지의 유기물생산에 대한 갈대부착조류의 기여도를 평가하기 위하여 유입수의 수질특성이 다른 두 습지(반월천습지와 동화천습지)에서 4월부터 10월까지 매월 부착조류의 1차생산력을 측정하였다. 부착조류의 현존량은 반월천습지와 동화천습지에서 각각 37~3,581 mgChl.a/$m^2$surface stem(평균 655 mgChl.a/$m^2$surface stem), 87~2,093 mgChl.a/$m^2$surface stem(평균 527 mgChl.a/$m^2$surface stem)의 범위로 동화천습지에 비해 반월천습지에서 큰 값을 보였다. 반면 부착조류의 광합성효율을 나타내는 동화계수(assimilation number; AN)는 반월천습지에 비해 TN/TP 비가 작은 동화천습지에서 높았다. 두 습지로 유입되는 유입수의 TN/TP비와 AN사이에서의 음의 상관(r=0.46)으로부터 부착조류의 높은 광합성효율은 낮은 TN/TP와 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 부착조류의 단위면적당 일일 1차생산력은 반월천습지에서 307~2,473 mgC/$m^2$/day, 동화천습지에서 756~2,096 mgC/$m^2$/day로 두 습지 모두 여름에 높은 값을 보였다. 두 습지의 평균 1차생산력은 반월천습지가 부착조류의 현존량이 큼에도 불구하고 1,166 mgC/$m^2$/day으로 동화천습지(1,467 mgC/$m^2$/day)에 비해 낮았다. 이는 AN 값에서 알 수 있듯이 반월천습지의 광합성효율이 동화천습지에 비해 낮았기 때문으로 판단된다. 시화호 인공습지에서 갈대부착조류에 의한 연간 총 유기물생산은 300 tonC/year(습지 전체 유기물생산의 33%)로 습지내 유기물생산에 부착조류의 기여가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 습지내 과도한 유기물생산은 습지의 수처리효율을 저하시킬 수 있으므로 수처리용 인공습지의 관리에 있어서 갈대부착조류의 역할이 고려되어야 한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.426-432
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• 2000

Field experiment was performed from August 1996 to December 1999 to examine the feasibility of constructed wetland system for sewage treatment in rural areas. A pilot system was installed in Konkuk University and the effluent of septic tank for school building was used as an influent to the wetland treatment basin. The system was composed of sand and reed, and operated continuously including winter time. Average removal rate of about 70% was observed for BOD, COD, and SS, about 50% for T-P, and about 25% for T-N. The reason for poor T-N removal might be due to high loading rate and short retention time. The system demonstrated satisfactory effluent concentration and stable performance in growing season. And it also worked adequately in wintertime even below $10^{\circ}C$ without freezing, and removal was still significant. The amount removed in BOD, COD, and SS was almost the same as in the growing season, and the amount removed in nutrients was about half of the one in growing season. Overall performance of the experimental system was compared with existing data base (NADB, 1994), and it was within the range of general system performance. As study period increased, removal rates for BOD, COD, SS, and T-P were consistently maintained and even enhanced, but removal rate for T-N decreased slightly. Wetland system was thought to be a feasible alternative for sewage treatment in rural area considering its low cost and low maintenance requirement. However, the effluent of the experimental wetland system often exceeded current effluent water quality standards, therefore, further treatment could be required if the effluent should be discharged to public waters. Wetland system of interest locates in rural area and is a part of rural ecosystem, therefore, ultimate disposal of reclaimed sewage for agricultural purpose or subsequent land treatment might be available and further research in this matter is recommended.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

본 연구는 인공습지 유출수를 추가처리하기 위해 다양한 재료를 이용한 추가처리시설의 적용가능성을 분석하였다. 석문담수호 유입부에 설치된 인공습지 중 무식재구, 갈대식재구, 부들식재구의 하단 배수로(폭 0.3m, 수심 0.35 m)에 각각 제강슬래그, 활성탄, 굴폐각을 이용해 1.0 m 길이로 추가처리시설을 설치하였으며, 각 후 처리시설별로 유입유량을 다르게 적용하였다(제강슬래그 63 $m^3$/day; 활성탄 19 $m^3$/day; 굴폐각 81 $m^3$/day). 제강슬래그, 활성탄, 굴폐각의 COD 처리율은 각각 6 %, 24 %, 1 %로 나타났으며, 제거량은 32, 30, 5 g/day로 나타나, 모든 추가처리시설에서 유기물제거에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. T-N과 T-P의 제거효율은 활성탄에서 24 %와 4 %로 효과적이었으나, 제강슬래그 및 굴폐각에서는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 추가처리시설을 상대적으로 영양물질제거에 효과적인 인공습지와 연계하여 운영할 경우 영양물질 및 유기물을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.374-379
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• 2019

In this study, we report a new record of the clustered bur-reed Sparganium glomeratum (Laest. ex Beurl.) Beurl., from Yongneup Moor of Daeamsan Mt. in Gangwon-do, Korea. This species is distributed in the cool temperate and circumboreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere. As we recorded this species in a high-altitude wetland, we named it "Du-me-heuk-sam-neung" after the Korean word that translates to "Sparganium found in deep mountains." We provide descriptions of the morphological characteristics, photographs, and detailed illustrations of S. glomeratum, as well as a key to allied taxa in Korea.