• 제목/요약/키워드: REED

검색결과 622건 처리시간 0.036초

Adsorption Characteristics of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn from Aqueous Solutions onto Reed Biochar

  • Choi, Ik-Won;Kim, Jae-Hoon;Lee, Soo-Hyung;Lee, Jae-Kwan;Seo, Dong-Cheol;Cho, Ju-Sik
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제49권5호
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    • pp.489-494
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    • 2016
  • Carbon-based sorbents such as biochar and activated carbon have been proven to be cost-effective in removing pollutants containing heavy metals from wastewater. The aim of this study was using batch experiment to evaluate the adsorption characteristics of heavy metals in single-metal conditions onto reed biochar for treating wastewater containing heavy metals. The removal rates of heavy metals were in the order of Pb > $Cu{\fallingdotseq}Cd{\fallingdotseq}Zn$, showing the adsorption efficiency of Pb was higher than the other heavy metals. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were used to model the equilibrium adsorption data obtained from adsorption of Pb on reed biochar. For reed biochar, the Langmuir model provided a slightly better fit than the Freundlich model. Lead was observed on the biochar surface after adsorption by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The main functional groups of reed biochar were aromatic carbons. Overall, the results suggested that reed biochar could be useful adsorbent for treating wastewater containing Pb.

마이크로 셀룰러 시스템에서 MRC 다이버시티와 Reed-Solomon 부호를 적용한 Trellis Coded QPSK 신호의 오율 해석 (Error Performance Analysis of Trellis Coded QPSK Signal with Reed-Solomon Coding and MRC Diversity Reception in Micro-Cellular System)

  • 노재성;김영철;박기식;조성언;조성준
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.427-438
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    • 1998
  • 본 논문에서는 동일채널간섭과 라이시안 페이딩 환경에서 Trellis Coded QPSK 시스템의 BER 생능올 분석 하였다. 고려되는 Trellis Coded QPSK 시스템은 시스템의 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 최대비 합성(MRC) 다이버시티 수신법과 Reed-Solomon 부호를 사용하였다. 유도한 오율식을 이용하여 Trellis 부호화된 QPSK 시스템의 성능을 구하여, 신호 전력 대 잡음 전력비 (SNR), 신호 전력 대 간섭파의 전력비 (SIR), 라이시안 페이딩 파라미터 (KR), MRC 다이버시티의 가지수 (M), Reed-Solomon 부호의 천체 블럭 길이 (n), Reed-Solomon 부호의 정정 가능한 심볼의 수 (t), Trellis 부호기의 상태수를 함수로 하여 그래프로 나타내고 분석하였다. 분석결과, 제안하는 시스템의 성능은 마이크로셀 환경에서 동일채널간섭과 페이딩에 의하여 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 희망하는 신호의 전력이나 신호 전력 대 간섭파의 전력비를 증가시켜 Trellis 부호화된 QPSK 시스템의 BER 성능을 개선할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 마이크로 셀룰러 시스템의 BER floor 현상은 동 일채널간섭에 의하여 발생하고, 이 현상은 신호 전력 대 간섭와의 전력배가 낮은 경우에는 높은 BER에서 발생 함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 통일채널간섭과 라이시안 페이딩의 영향올 억압하기 위해서는 M=2인 MRC 다이버 시티 수신된 Trellis Coded QPSK 시스댐보다는 t=2, n=15인 Reed-Solomon 부호롤 척용한 Trellis Coded QPSK 시스템이 효율적임을 알 수 있었다.

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갈대-상(床)을 이용한 쓰레기 매립지 침출수의 생물학적 연속흐름 처리 (Biological Treatment of Processed-Leachate from Landfills by Reed (Phragmites australis)-Bed in a Continuous Flow System)

  • 김인성;조용주;최홍근;이은주
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.375-381
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    • 2004
  • 본 연구는 수도권 매립지에서의 침출수 처리 방류수와 같은 특수한 수질 내에서 우수한 생장의 갈대(Phragmites australis)를 선별하여 침출수 처리 방류수의 자연정화 방법 및 처리 효율을 확인하기 위해 실시하였다. 침출수 처리 방류수에 대한 우수 갈대의 선발을 위해 13개의 갈대 서식지로부터 수집한 갈대를 침출수 처리 방류수에서 배양하며 영양염류 제거, 생태-생리학적인 반응 및 생장율 등을 조사하여 선별하였다. 본 실험에서는 침출수 처리 방류수 내에서 우수한 생장을 나타낸 갈대와 자연계에서 분리한 도우미 미생물(효모, 유산균 및 광합성 세균 등)을 조합한 갈대-상(床; reed-bed)에 침출수 처리 방류수를 연속적으로 공급하면서 체류 시간 및 식재 밀도 차이에 따른 침출수 처리 방류수의 수질 정화 효율을 확인하였다. 침출수 처리 방류수를 공급하며 약 5주 후에 갈대-상을 통과한 배출수 수질을 분석한 결과, 색도(chromaticity)는 약 $29.5{\sim}36.9\%$. 총질소(T-N)는 약 $49.4{\sim}67.2\%$, 총인(T-P)은 약 $42.1{\sim}94.6\%$, 생물화학적 산소요구량($BOD_5$)은 약 $74.5{\sim}88.8\%$, 화학적 산소요구량($COD_{Mn}$)은 약 $15.6{\sim}20.8\%$, 총 고형물질(TDS)은 약 $17.5{\sim}35.4\%$ 그리고 염도(salinity)는 약 $15.3{\sim}34.7\%$ 등으로 감소되었다. 또한 체류시간은 생물화학적 산소요구량을 감소시키고 질소 및 인의 제거에 영향을 주었고 식재밀도는 인의 제거에 영향을 주었다. 이러한 결과로 갈대-상을 통해 처리된 생물학적 처리 배출수의 수질이 침출수 처리 방류수의 수질에 비해 향상되었음을 확인하였다.

Influene of aquatic macrophytes on the interactions among aquatic organisms in shallow wetlands (Upo Wetland, South Korea)

  • Jeong, Keon-Young;Choi, Jong-Yun;Jeong, Kwang-Seuk
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.185-194
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    • 2014
  • Seasonal monitoring was implemented to understand the influence of macrophyte bed structure on the composition and trophic interaction of aquatic organisms (algae, zooplankton, macro-invertebrate, and fish) in a shallow wetland (Upo Wetland, South Korea). Distinct division of the plant assemblage (reed zone and mixed plant zone) was observed. The reed zone was composed solely of Phragmites communis, whereas the mixed plant zone comprised a diverse macrophyte assemblage (Salvinia natans, Spirodela polyrhiza, Trapa japonica, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Hydrilla verticillata). Most of the aquatic organisms were more abundant in the mixed plant zone than in the reed zone, and this was positively associated with the seasonal development of macrophyte cover. Stable isotope analysis showed seasonal interactions among aquatic organisms. The majority of aquatic animal (zooplankton, Odonata, and Ephemeroptera) were dependent on epiphytic particulate organic matter (EPOM), and the dependence on EPOM gradually increased toward autumn. Interestingly, Lepomis macrochirus consumed Ephemeroptera and zooplankton in both macrophyte zones, but Micropterus salmoides depended on different food items in the reed zone and the mixed plant zone. Although, M. salmoides in the reed zone showed food utilization similar to L. macrochirus, it consumed Odonata or small L. macrochirus in the mixed plant zone. Based on these results, it appears that differences in the structure of the two macrophyte zones support different assemblages of aquatic organisms, strongly influencing the trophic interactions between the aquatic organisms.

UWB 시스템 용 Reed-Solomon 복호기 설계 (Design of A Reed-Solomon Decoder for UWB Systems)

  • 조용석
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제36권4C호
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    • pp.191-196
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    • 2011
  • 본 논문에서는 오류정정 능력이 비교적 작은 경우에 매우 효율적인 직접복호법을 이용하여 기존의 복호기에 비해 하드웨어적으로 매우 간단한 UWB 용 (23, 17) Reed-Solomon 복호기의 설계 방법을 제안한다. 설계된 복호기는 오류위치다항식 및 오류평가다항식의 계산에 $GF(2^m)$ 상의 곱셈기가 9개만 사용되어, 기존의 복호기가 약 20여개가 소요되는데 비해 매우 간단한 하드웨어로 구현할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 또한 제어회로도 매우 간단하고, 복호지연도 오증계산에 걸리는 한 블록만큼만 소요되므로 수신 시퀀스를 저장하는 버퍼 메모리를 절약할 수 있다.

리드스위치를 이용한 일체형원자로용 제어봉 위치지시기 설계 제작 및 특성해석 (The Design, Fabrication, and Characteristic Experiment for Control Rod Position Indicator Using Reed Switch in System-Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor)

  • 허형;김종인;김건중
    • 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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    • 제52권8호
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    • pp.452-461
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    • 2003
  • The reliability and accuracy of the information on control rod position are very important to the reactor safety and the design of the core protection system. A survey on the RSPT(Reed Switch Position Transmitter) type control rod position indicator system and its actual implementation in the existing nuclear power plants in Korea was performed first. The control rod position indicator having the high performance for SMART was developed on the basis of RSPT technology identified through the survey. The arrangement of permanent magnet and reed switches is the most important procedure in the design of control rod position indicator. The hysteresis of reed switches is one of the important factors in a repeat accuracy of control rod position indicator as well. This paper investigates efficiency of the magnetic flux concentrator and the hysteresis using FEM and verified differences in physicals characteristics by comparing the results of FEM and those of the experiment. As a result, it is shown that the characteristics of prototype control rod position indicator have a good agreement with the results of FEM.

Hodgkin병의 세포학적 검색 (Cytologic Findings of Hodgkin's Disease with Special Emphasis on Reed-Sternberg Cells and Their Variants)

  • 고영혜;박찬필;이중달
    • 대한세포병리학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 1991
  • Cytologic findings from five cases with variable types of Hodgkln's disease were reviewed with special emphasis on the Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells and their variants. Typical R-S and Hodgkin's cells were mono- or binucleated, and nuclei had rounded smooth contour, Acidophilic prominent nucleoli with perinucleolar halo were conspicuous in comparison to typical Reed-Sternberg cells, L & H (lymphocytic and histiocytic) cells in the lymphocyte predominant type tended to show pop-corn like irregular nuclear contour and to lack the prominent nucleoli. Lacunar cells in the nodular sclerosis type had multilobated nuclei with prominent acidophilic nucleoli. There was no prominent perinucleolar halo in L & H and lacunar cells. In conjuction with the number of Reed-Sternberg cells and back ground findings observed on the smears, the characteristic features of R-S cells and their variants allowed to make typing of Hodgkin's disease.

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Photosynthetic Activity of Epiphytic Algae in Embayment Reed Zone in a Lagoon Connected with Lake Biwa

  • Mitamura, Osamu;Tachibana, Junji;Ishida, Noriko;Seike, Yasushi;Choi, Jun-Kil
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.48-57
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    • 2009
  • Primary production of epiphytic and planktonic algae in a shallow reed zone of a lagoon Nishinoko was investigated. Concentrations of nutrients varied widely horizontally and locally in the lagoon. It seems that the reed zone has a heterogeneous environment. The photosynthetic rates of epiphytic and planktonic algae were 7 to 14 mg C surface stem $m^{-2}hr^{-1}$ and 12 to $46mg\;Cm^{-3}hr^{-1}$, respectively. The areal primary production of epiphytic algae was estimated as 4 to $13mg\;Cm^{-2}hr^{-1}$ from the stem density of Phragmites and the water depth at each station. The production of phytoplankton, on the other hand, was 5 to $56mg\;Cm^{-2}hr^{-1}$. The contribution of epiphytic algae to total primary production averaged 53%, although the assimilation number was much lower than that of phytoplankton. The present results indicate that the epiphytic algae are one of the significant primary producers in the reed zone.