• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 1993

Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effect of Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang on the Anti-allergie effect in rats and mice. The results obtained as follows: 1. (1) In the effects of Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang on vascular permeability responses to intradermal histamin in rats, Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang revealed significant effect. (2) In the effects of Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang on vascular permeability responses to intradermal serotonin in rats, Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) revealed significant effect. 2. In the 48 hour homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats provoked by the Ig E-like antibody against egg albumin, Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang revealed significant effect. 3. In the delayed type hypersensitivity responses to picryl chloride in mice, Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) revealed significant effect. 4. In the delayed type hypersensitivity responses to SRBC(Sheep Red Blood cell) in mice, Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang revealed significant effect. According to above-stated results, Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang were concluded to be effective as anti-allergic regimen and recommended to be used for treatment of allergic diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 2015

Objectives: Realgar has been frequently used for skin disorders in history of herbal medicine. However, the efficacy of realgar has not been examined in atopic dermatitis(AD). In this study, the effects of realgar on AD were investigated, especially on pruritus and inflammation. Methods: AD lesions were induced in the shaved backs of BALB/c mice through repeated application of DNCB. The mice were treated for 11 days with 1% realgar ($100{\mu}L/day$). Histological changes in skin thickness were observed. The anti-pruritic effects of realgar were evaluated by the change in numbers of scratching behavior of mice and expression of substance P. The expressions of cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 were measured. Also, anti-inflammatory effects of realgar were examined on expressions of NF-${\kappa}B$, phospho-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Results: Realgar decreased skin thickness (both dermal and epidermal) 38% and 17% respectively, compared to positive control, DNCB group. The scratching behavior of mice was reduced by 42% and expression of substance P was significantly less. Cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 were significantly reduced by 52.6% and 77.6%, respectively. The expressions of NF-${\kappa}B$, phospho-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and MAPKs (phospho-ERK1/2, -p38 and -JNK) were significantly suppressed with marked effects on phospho-ERK1/2. Conclusions: The collective results suggest that realgar shows anti-pruritic and anti-inflammatory effects on AD. And realgar might be a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.294-303
• /
• 2007

Objectives : We are aimed to identify anti-tumor effects of realgar on some kinds of cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Materials & Methods : We used 5 kinds of cancer cell lines: lung cancer cells(A549). stomach cancer cells(KATO) and neuroglioma cells(SUN-1118. U-87MG, U-373MG). We injected the boiled extracts of realgar $50{\mu}g$. $100{\mu}g$ to cultural media( ml )for 24 hours. We measured the killing effects on 5 kinds of cancer cells through inverted and fluorescence microscope, the suppressive effects on viability of those cells via XTT assay and the effects on the revelation of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins related to apoptosis by western blotting. Results : In the changes of morphology, the extracts of realgar showed more significant killing effects on all cancer cells. especially KATO, SNU-1118, U-87MG, U-373MG, than the control group with dose dependence, which was statistically significant. In XTT assay, the extracts of realgar showed more suppressive effects on viability of all cancer cells, especially KATO and U-373MG, than the control group with dose dependence, which was statistically significant. In the revelation of proteins related to apoptosis, the extracts of realgar increased the level of Bax and decreased that of Bcl-2 in all cancer cells with dose dependence. Conclusions : We identified that realgar had more anti-tumor effects on stomach cancer and neuroglioma than on lung cancer in the experiments above. However, these basic experiments were performed in vitro. We hope the anti-tumor effects of realgar will be practically identified through more progressive research.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.2883-2888
• /
• 2014

Background: Realgar which contains arsenic components has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as an anticancer drug. However, neither Realgar nor its formula are soluble in water. As a result, high dose of Realgar has to be administered to achieve an effective blood medicine concentration, and this is associated with adverse side effects. The objective of the present study was to increase the solubility of a formula using hydrometallurgy technology as well as investigating its effects on in vitro and in vivo cell proliferation and apoptosis in Sarcoma-180 cell line. Materials and Methods: Antiproliferative activity of Realgar Bioleaching Solution (RBS) was evaluated by MTT assay. Further, effects of RBS on cell proliferation and apoptosis were studied using flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. Kunming mice were administered RBS in vivo, where arsenic specifically targeted solid tumors. Results: The results indicated that RBS extract potently inhibited the tumor growth of Sarcoma-180 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy further indicated that RBS significantly induced cell apoptosis through the inhibition of cell cycle pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Further, on RBS administration to mice, arsenic was specifically targeted to solid tumor.s Conclusions: RBS could substitute for traditional Realgar or its formula to work as a potent tool in cancer treatment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.409-420
• /
• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the anti-tumor effects of realgar on various cancer cells through molecular biologic and cellular biologic methods. Materials & Methods : We used 5 kinds of cancer cell lines:stomach cancer cell (AGS), glioma cells (T98G, A172, SNU-489) and prostate cancer cells (LNCaP). We injected the boiled extract of realgar. $50{\mu}$g/ml and $100{\mu}$g/ml to culture media (ml) for 24 hours. We examined the morphological changes under an inverted microscope and a fluorescence microscope. We measured the suppressive effect on viability of 5 kinds of cancer cells via XTT assay. We examined the effect on the revelation of PARP cleavage, Bcl-2 protein and Bax protein by western blot analysis. Results : The extract of realgar caused markedly morphological changes on AGS, T98G, SNU-489, and LNCaP. All of them showed withdrawn and floating appearance. The suppressive effect on viability of AGS, T98G, A172, SNU-489, and LNCaP showed that each test group had more suppressive effect on viability of AGS, T98G, A172, SNU-489, and LNCaP than the control group, which was statistically significantly (p<0.01). The extract of realgar did not induce PARP cleavage in AGS, T98G, A 172, SNU-489, or LNCaP. In the revelation of protein related to apoptosis, the protein levels of Bcl-2 decreased and the protein levels of Bax increased in AGS, T98G, SNU-489, and LNCaP treated with realgar. The protein levels of Bcl-2 decreased and the protein levels of Bax did not change in A172 treated with realgar. Conclusions : This experiment showed that realgar has anti-tumor effect on stomach cancer cells (AGS), glioma cells (T98G, SNU-489L and prostate cancer cells (LNCaP)

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.259-271
• /
• 2019

We evaluated mineralogical, physical property and accelerated weather resistance of cinnabar, realgar and orpiment used as cultural heritages and traditional paintings. JB and JS are sample names of cinnabar and JH and UH are sample names of orpiment and Realgar, respectively. As a result of mineralogical property evaluation, Jinsa was identified cinnabar (HgS) and there was no difference in chemical composition according to the grade. UH and JH were confirmed realgar (AsS) and orpiment (As₂S₃), respectively. The polarization characteristics such as shape and color indicate that pigments using our test were natural mineral pigment observed by polarization microscope. Especially, in the case of cinnabar, it is not easy to distinguish between natural mineral pigment and synthetic pigment. But the results of polarization microscope said that cinnabar is natural occurring mineral which have authentic mineral particle and unevenly fracture. As a result of thermal analysis, JH has a higher glass transition temperature and heat stability than UH. After accelerated weather test, cinnabar, realgar and orpiment were striking result in color change because of light degradation. Red color of cinnabar turn into black and the color of realgar and orpiment became brighter than before. JB (meta-cinnabar) is more photosensitivity and faster becoming dark than JB (cinnabar). Finally light transforms realgar (red, As₄S₄) in arsenolite (As₂O₃).

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2010

While herbal medicine including mineral herbal medicine mostly provides microelements to the human body thanks to abundant metallic elements, its harmfulness has been raised due to elements of heavy metals. Harmfulness of mineral herbal medicine needs to be analyzed quantitatively as well as qualitatively so that specificity of herbal medicine including mineral herbal medicine can be reflected. Consequently, the following aims should be set up to mineral herbal medicine, REALGAR, standard processing of REALGAR and the standards of processed drugs should be secured. On the basis of the results of this study, the reasonable measures to develop the processing method and the test method for heavy metals were presented. Such measures are expected to give the following results. First, consumers may take food and medicine without anxiety, and food and medicine may be effectively managed, and the national service may be improved, and also safety against heavy metals may be publicized. Second, as the principal ingredients and microelements of mineral herbal medicine are qualitatively analyzed, such results are expected to contribute to the advance of national analytics for herbal medicine.

• Proceedings of the Petrological Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1999.06a
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 1999

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.159-177
• /
• 1999

In the study on the mineral substance used in Dong Eu Bo Gam(range of 'Sin') and the recent prescription of china, the results were as follows. 1. According to Dong Eu Bo Gam, Realgar was used for Sa-Su most often and Gold-leaf, Succinum, especially Cinnabaris were used for amnesia, epilepsy, a general term of manic-depressive psychosis too. The most kinds of mineral substance used for epilepsy. 2. According to recent prescription of china, Fossilia Ossis Mastodi got the most, and Succinum, Cinnabaris, Lapis Chloriti, Haematitum, Magnetitum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Fossilia Dentis Mastodi, iron powder were used frequently. For external application, Sulfur was too. And most kinds of mineral substance were used for epilepsy and schizophrenia. 3. Realgar, Gold-leaf, Succinum, Cinnabaris, Lapis Chloriti, Haematitum, Magnetitum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Fossilia Dentis Mastodi, iron powder have drug effect for mental disease, especially for epilepsy induced by terror. 4. For Application of mineral substance, it should be considered that the chemical elements of mineral substance act on human body. 5. For drug effect, it is important to make clear of original prescription.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.59-74
• /
• 1994

The Study was performed on the anticonvulsive effects of Woohwangporyonghwan(WPH) and Woohwangporyonghwan except CINNABARIS and REALGAR(WPHCR) in ICR mice pretreated with strychnine, picrotoxin, and caffeine as convulsive agents, and also was done on the accumulation of Hg & AS in organs of ICR mice by ICP hydride generation method. The results were obtained as follows: 1. WPH and WPHCR group showed significant effect in delaying the onset of convulsion induced by strichine, but time to death was effective only in WPHCR group. 2. WPH and WPHCR group were significantly effective in delaying convulsion induced by picrotoxin, and time to death. 3. The anticonvulsive effect of WPH and WPHCR group was not found convulsion induced by caffeine. 4. The accumulation of Hg, AS in liver and kidney of ICR mice was not determined below 50ng/g and below 80ng/g respectively. From the above results it could be concluded that WPH and WPHCR group were effective in the convulsions induced by strychnine and picrotoxin, although the accumulation of Hg & As in liver and kidney was not proved, further study might be necessary to prove the drug safety of WPH included CINNABARIS and REALGAR.