• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.563-571
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of oriental herbal drink to improve aerobic capacity in elite endurance runners. 14 male elite college runners were participated and divided into two group; i ) oriental herbal drink group (OG), ii ) placebo group (PG). All subjects were completed treadmill exercise protocol using GXT at before (B) and after (A) experimental treatment of one week. The V02max, anaerobic threshold (AT) were measured by gas analysis and heart rate (HR) were measure by polar system at pre, max, post, post 30 min and post 60 min. Blood samples were collected to analyze blood components. The V02max were significantly increased in OGA compared to OGB whereas the V02max and AT in OGA were significantly higher than PGA. The blood lactate concentration were shown higher decrease rate in OGA compared to Doth OGB and PGA during recovery whereas LDH and Na were significantly increased in OGA compared to both OGB and PGA. The blood concentrations of CI and K were significantly increased in OGA compared to PGA. There were no significant differences were founded in WBC, RBC, Hct, Hb and other components associated with energy sources(glucose, TG, TC, HDL, LDL, creatinine, CPK). These results suggested that this oriental herbal drink can be administrated to improve aerobic capacity in long distance runners.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Kimchi intake of Acanthopanacis cortex extract (APCE) supplementation on cytokine-induction and immune response in mice. To study in experiments using male Balb/c mice fed Kimchi and Kimchi of APCE supplementation (addition of 2% of total Kimchi weight) containing fed experimental diet during 2 weeks. Experimental mice were fed control diet or diet containing freeze-dried Kimchi at the level of 5%(w/w) or 5% freeze-dried Kimchi with 2% APCE supplementation. The main ingredient of Kimchi was Korean cabbage and fermentation was carried out at $4^{\circ}C$ for three weeks. Freeze-dried 2% APCE supplementation was added to Kimchi at the begining of fermentation. In order to investigate the effect of Kimchi intake of APCE supplementation (5%Kimchi-2%APCE), the following was performed; body weight, food intake, hematological parameter, serum level of mouse interleukin-4 (mlL-4) and mouse interferon-$\gamma$ (mIFN-$\gamma$ ), and, the percentage of CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8+, B220+ in splenic cells. The results of final body weight, and food diet intake of two Kimchi groups were lower than those of the control group (not supplemented experimental diet). The hematology change obtained from the level of WBC (white blood cell) and platelet were not affected by feeding different dietary regiments, but the level of RBC (red blood cells) HB (hemoglobin), and spleen weight of two Kimchi groups were increased significantly than those of the control group. The serum level of IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ of two Kimchi groups were increased significantly than those of the control group, also enhanced the percentages of the CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ by 5% freeze-dried Kimchi, and 5%Kimchi-2%APCE group were 43.9 and 65.2%, and 96.0 and 208% than those of the control group, respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that Kimchi itself has an immuno-stimulatory effect and Kimchi contaning 2% APCE supplementation has the more pronounced effect in vivo system.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to know hematologic characteristics of patients with stroke in Sasang Constitutional Medicine which will be helpful for the prevention and treatment of stroke. Methods We collected data from 111 patients who received treatment as a stroke inpatient at one Korean medicine hospital in Busan, Korea. A Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) specialist diagnosed their Sasang Constitutional types based on the four diagnosis standard of SCM and herbal medicine reaction. Results of hematologic tests were classified according to gender, age, stroke types and Sasang Constitutional types and analysed by SAS system. Results 1. Male's mean value of RBC count, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit was lower than normal range. 2. The mean value of hsCRP of above age 65 group was 3.19 times significantly higher than under age 65 group. 3. The mean value of platelet of cerebral hemorrhage group was significantly higher than cerebral infarction group. 4. The mean value of triglyceride of Taeeumin was significantly higher than Soyangin and Soeumin. Conclusions For the prevention of stroke, appropriate treatment of stress, trauma and infections is needed and male require a regular and balanced meals. Especially Taeeumin need to eat small meals to avoid excessive accumulation of energy.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2019

Rising of water temperature due to global warming is a great concern to aquaculturists and fishery biologists. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of high water temperature on juvenile red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara based on the evaluation of stress responses in blood. E. akaara juveniles were exposed to different thermal conditions ($25^{\circ}C$, $28^{\circ}C$, $31^{\circ}C$, and $34^{\circ}C$) for 6 weeks following 2 weeks of acclimation at $25^{\circ}C$. Blood cell morphology and number were examined at three sampling points (2, 7, and 42 days) from a total of 180 fish. Major erythrocytic cellular abnormalities (ECA) observed in blood smears of thermally stressed groups ($31^{\circ}C$ and $34^{\circ}C$) after 6 weeks were echinocytes, teardrop-like cells, swollen cells and vacuolated cells. Both red and white blood cell number (RBC and WBC) were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in $31^{\circ}C$ and $34^{\circ}C$ group after 6 weeks thermal exposure. Differential leucocytes number showed significant increases in neutrophil (N) and decreases in lymphocytes (L) in the highest temperature ($34^{\circ}C$). Different N:L ratio was observed at different thermal conditions which can be used as a reliable alternative to measure stress response. Taken together, these results suggest that higher temperature ($31^{\circ}C$ and $34^{\circ}C$) can interfere the immune system of red spotted grouper by altering the blood cell morphology and number.

• ALGAE
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.93-110
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• 2023

Progress in phylogenomic analysis has led to a considerable re-evaluation of former cyanobacterial system, with many new taxa being established at different nomenclatural levels. The family Geminocystaceae is among cyanobacterial taxa recently described on the basis of polyphasic approach. Within this family, there are six genera: Geminocystis, Cyanobacterium, Geminobacterium, Annamia, Picocyanobacterium, and Microcrocis. The genus Geminocystis previously encompassed two species: G. herdmanii and G. papuanica. Herein, a new species G. urbisnovae was proposed under the provision of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Polyphasic analysis was performed for five strains from the CALU culture collection (St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation), and they were assigned to the genus Geminocystis in accordance with high 16S rRNA gene similarity to existing species, as well as because of proximity to these species on the phylogenetic trees reconstructed with RaxML and Bayes methods. Plausibility of their assignment to a separate species of the genus Geminocystis was substantiated with smaller cell size; stenohaline freshwater ecotype; capability to complementary chromatic adaptation of second type (CA2); distinct 16S rRNA gene clustering; sequences and folding of D1-D1' and B box domains of the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer region. The second objective pursued by this communication was to provide a survey of the family Geminocystaceae. The overall assessment was that, despite attention of many researchers, this cyanobacterial family has been understudied and, especially in the case of the crucially important genus Cyanobacterium, taxonomically problematic.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2009

$\beta$-glucan is a fiber-type complex sugar (polysaccharide) derived from the cell wall of baker's yeast, oat and barley fiber, and many medicinal mushrooms, such as maitake. The primary uses of $\beta$-glucan are to enhance the immune system, to lower blood cholesterol levels and to treat tumor. $\beta$-glucan has no systemic toxicity in mice, therefore it needed clinical trail to prove efficacy and safety for human. The subjects total 56 healty volunteers were divided into two groups including taken $\beta$-glucan tablet group and placebo group. Subjects were taken two tablets per oral for 4 weeks. They had agreed to take part in this experiment, and didn't take any other clinical trail products. After 4 weeks blood of subjects were checked. The check list are TNF-$\alpha$, INF-$\gamma$, IL-2, IL-4, total WBC, differential WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, platelet, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HCT, Na, K, Ca, Cl, AST, ALT, ALP, $\gamma$-GTP, total protein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, albumin, uric acid, creatinine, BUN, pH, protein, glucose, ketone body, blood, bilirubin. We evaluated efficacy by cytokines that compare before and after taking. Collected data were analyzed as two sample t-test, chi-square test and ANOVA using SAS V.9.1.This study results are that in TNF-$\alpha$ of $1^{st}$ efficacy measurement item, all of two groups figure were increased significantly compare to before figure. In IL4 of $2^{nd}$ efficacy measurement item, experimental group figure were decreased significantly but placebo group figure were increased. The conclusions show that based on the above results, $\beta$-glucan has favorable effect to enhance immune system, especially IL4 results showed that it has effect to improve the allergic immune system.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.224-239
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• 1994

본 연구는 1993년 10월부터 1994년 3월 사이에 PCE를 세정제로 사용하는 세탁소중 충청권에 있는 23개소의 세탁소 작업자 30명을 폭로군으로, 모대학교 사무직원 42명을 비폭로군으로 하여 자각증상을 조사하였고, 세탁소 작업자의 PCE 폭로농도 및 작업장 기중농도를 측정하였다. 혈액과 뇨를 채취하여 혈액학적, 임상화학적 검사 및 뇨단백, 뇨당을 검사함으로써 PCE 폭로정도에 따른 관련성을 분석하여 다음과 같이 결과를 요약하고, 세탁소의 작업장 환경을 양호하게 관리하기 위한 몇가지 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 1. 폭로군이 비폭로군에 비해 조사항목 대부분에서 높은 자각증상 호소율을 나타냈으며, 특히 호흡기계, 심혈관계, 소화기계, 신경정신계에서 높은 자각증상을 호소했다. 개인폭로농도와 자각증상 호소율은 상호 관련성이 없었다. 2. 1일 8시간 작업시 PCE의 허용농도는 우리나라의 경우 50.0ppm, ACGIH에서는 25.0ppm으로 권장하고 있다. 조사대상 세탁소 형태별로 작업자의 PCE폭로농도는 체인본부가 16.85ppm, 일반 세탁소가 8.83ppm, 셀프-서비스점이 3.07ppm으로 나타났다. 전체적으로 세탁소 작업자의 PCE 폭로농도는 25.0ppm 이하가 19개소(82.6%)였으며, 25.0ppm 이상 측정된 세탁소는 4개소(17.4%)였고, 50.0ppm을 넘는 세탁소는 한 곳도 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 측정대상 세탁소의 작업환경 관리가 비교적 양호함을 알 수 있다. 3. PCE 기기의 가동횟수가 증가할수록 또한 작업량(세탁량)이 많아질수록 PCE 폭로정도는 증가하였다. 또 개방형 PCE 기기를 사용하는 작업자의 폭로농도는 6.18ppm, 밀폐형은 11.48ppm으로 나타났으나, 밀폐형을 사용하는 세탁소의 경우 개방형보다 작업량이 2-3배 정도 많았으며, 이 결과는 기기의 형태보다 작업량과 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 혈액학적 검사에서는 WBC, RBC, Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT 모두 정상으로 나타났으며, 혈액의 임상화학적 검사에서도 간기능, 신장기능 진단에 이용되는 GOT, GPT, ALP, U-A 및 LDH가 정상으로 나타났다. 5. 뇨단백 및 뇨당 검사에서는 대부분 정상이었고, 3명의 뇨단백이 30mg/dl 이하로 약간 배출되었으며, 뇨당은 3명이 100mg/dl 이하, 2명이 100-250mg/dl로 약간 높게 배출하였다. 이상의 결과에서 PCE 폭로군은 비폭로군보다 신체의 여러부분에 대해 높은 자각증상 호소율을 나타냈다. 조사대상 세탁소의 작업환경은 비교적 양호하게 관리되고 있었으며, 혈액학적 및 임상화학적 검사는 직업성으로 인해 이상이 유발되었다고 평가할만한 사실은 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 세탁소에서는 PCE뿐만 아니라 얼룩을 제거하기 위하여 여러 종류의 유기용제를 사용하기 때문에 작업자들은 항상 위해한 환경 인자에 노출되고 있다고 사료되므로, 작업장 환경을 보다 쾌적하게 관리하기 위해서는 PCE의 기계적 누출을 조사하고, 의류의 충분한 건조, 적절하고 합리적인 환풍기의 가동 및 개인보호구 착용 등에 관심을 기울여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.251-286
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• 2000

To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement of aqua-acupuncture with Cistanches Herba infusion solution, we used Cistanches Herba infusion solution(taken by water-alcohol method) put into Chung-wan(CV12) and Chok-Samni(S36) of BALB/c or C57BL/6 which are corresponding to human body. We observed the cytotoxicity, the effect on the expression of MMP-9 gene, the ability to control cancer cell proliferation, change of body weight, surviving number, MST, ILS, changes in amount of WBC, RBC, PLT, total protein, creatinine, glucose and LDH, weight of spleen, number of pulmonary colony, histological analysis on tissue metastasis of lung and liver, splenic cell proliferation, the expression of cytokine gene, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ and NK cell, and concluded like this. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The cytotoxicity about B16-F10 cell line of $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-5}$ diluent groups in Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 2. The cytotoxicity about HT1080 cell line of $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-5}$, $2^{-8}$ diluent groups in Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 3. The effect on expression of MMP-9 gene was decreased in all the sample groups, compared with control group. 4. The effect on the control-ability on the cancer cell proliferation showed cytotooicity significantly in $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-4}$, $2^{-5}$ diluent groups. 5. S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice were inhibited significantly in weight increase in all the sample groups, compared with control group. The surviving number increased in almost sample groups, except one group put into Chok-Samni(S36) with 20% Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment group that showed same number of the control group. 6. S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice showed high MST and ILS significantly in almost sample groups, compared with control group. But one group put into Chok-Samni(S36) with 20% Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment group showed low MST and ILS than control group. 7. The sample group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice showed increased ILS compared with control group significantly in anti-metastasis test. 8. The sample group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice were increased significantly in the number of WBC and glucose, and decreased significantly in the amount of LDH, compared with control group. However, there's no significant increase or decrease in number of RBC, PLT, total protein and creatinine. 9. We couldn't find any significant relation in spleen weight of the sample group. 10. In pulmonary colony, sample group was decreased significantly, compared with control group. 11. Histological analysis of sample group inhivited compared with that of control group in both of lung and liver. 12. In immune system, all the sample groups showed having more relevancy to the effect on splenic cell proliferation than normal group. 13. The effect on cytokine gene expression of all the sample groups were increased than control group. 14. In flow cytometry there's no significant relation in number of $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ cell, however, the number of $CD4^+$ cell and NK cell in sample groups were increased than in control group. Above the results showed that aqua-acupuncture of Cistanches Herba infusion solution has effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement.

• 대한수혈학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2018

배경: 대량수혈은 혈액은행의 상당한 집중을 요하게 된다. 이 연구의 목적은 아주대병원의 대량 수혈에 사용된 혈액제제와 외상센터에서 응급환자들을 위하여 직접 사용되었던 O형 Rh 양성농축적혈구를(이하 O형 혈액) 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 대량수혈은 24시간 이내 10 단위 이상의 적혈구제제를 수혈 받은 것으로 정의하였다. 수혈을 포함한 진료 기록은 병원정보시스템에서 추출하여 검토하였다. 병원정보시스템을 통하여 2016년 3월부터 2017년 11월까지 출고된 총 적혈구제제, 신선동결혈장, 혈소판제제(성분채집혈소판 혹은 농축혈소판)에 대한 정보를 검토하였다. 한 단위의 성분채집혈소판은 6 단위의 농축혈소판과 동일한 것으로 간주하였다. 결과: 345건의 대량수혈이 발생하였으며, 적혈구제제 11.7% (6233/53268), 신선동결혈장 24.3% (4717/19376), 그리고 혈소판제제 4.8% (4473/94166)가 대량수혈에 사용되었다(P<0.001). 대량수혈과 비대량수혈에 사용된 적혈구제제의 혈액형은 각각 A형 28.0%와 34.1%, B형 27.1%와 26.0%, O형 37.3%와 29.7% 그리고 AB형 7.5%와 10.2%였다(P<0.001). 적혈구제제:신선동결혈장:혈소판제제의 비율은 대량수혈은 1:0.76:0.72인 반면, 비대량수혈은 1:0.31:1.91을 나타내었다. 응급 O형 혈액은 461 단위가 대량수혈 환자의 36.2% (125/34)에서 사용되었으며, 한 환자당 사용된 응급 O형 혈액은 1~18단위까지 다양하였다. 결론: O형 적혈구는 대량수혈시 많이 이용되므로 대량수혈시 응급 O형 혈액의 남용을 최소화하기 위한 의료진들의 지속적인 교육이 필요하다. 신선동결혈장도 대량수혈시 자주 사용되므로 대량수혈시 즉시 가용할 수 있는 혈장 해동에 대한 수기를 갖추는 것이 중요할 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2014

방사선요법은 항암 치료에서 널리 이용되는 요법으로, 항암치료에 저선량 방사선을 이용하는 것에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있고, 저선량 방사선의 다양한 생물학적 효과가 있음이 보고되고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 마우스 모델에서 저선량 방사선이 면역반응에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 또한 이를 감지할 수 있는지를 조사하였다. C57BL/6 마우스에 $^{137}Cs$ 선원을 이용하여 연속 3일간 총 90 mGy의 저선량 방사선을 전신 조사한 후 마지막 방사선 조사 2, 14, 28일 후에 마우스를 희생시켜 말초 혈액 세포수, 비장 세포수, 비장 내 면역세포의 비율과 활성화 정도를 분석하였다. 말초 혈액 검사를 통해, 저선량 방사선 조사군에서 적혈구와 혈소판 수의 유의적 변화는 관찰할 수 없었으며, 백혈구 수는 마지막 방사선 조사 후 2일째에 선량-의존적인 감소를 보였으나, 점차 회복되는 경향을 나타냈다. 비장세포 수도 2일째 감소를 보였지만 서서히 그 수가 증가됨을 확인하였다. 2일과 14일째에 비장세포의 Foxp3 mRNA가 감소된 반면, CD4 T 세포와 CD69 양성세포가 증가되었다. 마우스에서 분할 저선량 방사선을 전신조사한 결과, 방사선조사군에서 특이적인 임상 증상이나 유의적인 체중감소를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 마우스를 대상으로 저선량을 분할 조사하였을 경우에도 면역학적 변화를 확인할 수 있으며 이를 통해 향후 저선량 방사선의 생물학적 효과를 뒷받침하는 자료로 활용할 수 있으리라 기대한다.