• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.912-916
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of saponin in the shoot of Aralia elata on serum lipid level and glucose in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Sprague Dawley normal male rats weighing 70$\pm$5g were randomly assigned to normal(control group), crude saponin(S group), and shoot of Aralia elata(D group). Experimental diets have been fed for 6 weeks. STZ induced diabetic rats were classified to diabetic control(DC group) and crude saponin(DS group). Diabetic rats were experimentally induced by intravenous injection of STZ(65mg/kg of body weight) dissolved in citrate buffer(pH 4.5). DS group has been i.p. injected with crude saponin solved in phosphate buffer(pH 7.0, 10mg/100g body weight) and DC group fed for 10 days. Body weight decreased significantly in crude saponin group. Feed intakes and feed efficiency ratio were not significantly different among C, S, and D group. The crude saponin group has indicated the lowest values of serum total cholesterol, glucose, and triglyceride. However, the values of serum glucose and triglyceride were not significant. Insulin levels among the crude saponin group, the shoot powder group, and the control group were not significantly different. When STZ induced diabetic rats have i.p. injection of crude saponin, the crude saponin has reduced the serum glucose but it is not been significant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.212-217
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• 1999

The effects of nuruk and wheat bran on cholesterol level in serum and activities of free radical metabolizing enzymes were investigated in rats. The rats were fed a diet containing nuruk or wheat bran for one month. Body weight and food intake were measured. Animals were sacrificed after one month. The increased food efficiency ratio throughout whole growth period was observed in the rats fed with either nuruk containing Aspergillus terreus or wheat bran compared with control group on normal diet. In the rats fed with nuruk, hepatic GSH content, glutathione S transferase activity, hepatic cytochrome P 450 content, and aniline hydroxylase activities were generally increased. In the rats fed with nuruk containing other fungi except Aspergillus terreus, xanthine oxidase activity was decreased. The decreased cholesterol level in serum was observed in rats fed with nuruk prepared from Aspergillus terreus and wheat bran. LDL cholesterol level was decreased in rats fed with nuruk prepared with other fungi such as Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. But HDL cholesterol level was increased in all groups fed with nuruk from any fungi and wheat bran. These results suggested that nuruk or wheat bran supplemented diet might exert their effect by decreasing cholesterol level in serum and amount of oxygen free radical level.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 1994

To evaluate the role of dietary earthworm flour in liver injury by CCl4 treatment, the rats were fed 5% earthworm flour supplemented diet for 53 days and control rats were fed standard diet without earthworm supplementation. Liver damage was induced both in earthworm flour supplemented diet and control groups by two intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 at the level of 0.1$m\ell$/100g body weight(50% in olive oil) at intervals of 16 hours the increasing rate of lover weight/body weight(%) and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase activity to the control group were higher in CCl4-treated rats fed earthworm flour supplemented diet than those fed standard diet. The decreasing rate of hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity was also higher in rats fed earthworm supplemented rats by the CCl4 treatment, Hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity was sinificantly higher in rats fed earthworm supplemented diet than those fed standard diet. It is concluded that a dietary earthworm flour argument the metabolic rate of CCl in rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2009

The in-vitro immunomodulatory function of murine natural-killer (NK) cells induced by red-ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats was examined in this study. The IL-2-induced NK cell activity was significantly decreased in the OVX rats compared to the sham groups, but the normally induced NK cell activity was not. RGAP, however, increased the NK cell activity in both groups, and this effect involved iNOS expression. The inhibition of iNOS activity did not increase the NK cell cytotoxicity by RGAP in the OVX rats. The data that were obtained also demonstrated that the expression of iNOS was increased in the spleen of the OVX rats. These results indicate that RGAP increases the tumoricidal activity of the NK cell in the OVX rats, which is a primed or activated state of innate immune cells resulting from the changes in cytokine production induced by estrogen-deficient stress. Therefore, RGAP has a synergistic effect on the NK cell activities, which are regulated by the iNOS signals in OVX rats. This suggests that RGAP is useful for potential therapeutic strategies as a nutrient in regulating the NK cells in OVX rats.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of the fruit extract of Lycium chinense Mill(Lycii Fructus, LF) on multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups; normal, STZ-control, Lycii Fructus extractorally administrated 300 ㎎/㎏ group (STZ-LF). Diabetes was induced in rats by consecutive injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at doses of 30 ㎎/㎏ for 5 days. After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG) and HDL-Cholesterol were measured in sera of rats. Histopathological changes of pancreas, kidney, liver and lung tissues were observed by microscope after H&E, Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining. The changes of body weight, blood glucose, and food and water intake were also measured.Results : There were no differences in body, food intake and water intake in LF-administrated groups compared with STZ control group. However, LF extract significantly decreased the levels of serum glucose, CHO, TG and HDL-Cholesterol in diabetic rats. In histopathological analysis of kidney, liver and lung, LF-administrated groups showed the inhibition of morphological damage.Conclusions : These results suggest that LF have a biological action on multi low-dose STZ-induced diabetes in rats via decreasing the serum glucose, TG and TG levels and may protect the morphological changes of kidney, liver and lung.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2010

This study was performed to explore the effects of the fermented functional extracts (FE) on blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetes. FE were created by mixing 9 kinds of plants with sea water and then allowing the mixture to ferment for 1 year. FE were supplemented in the feed of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats at 1%, 3% and 5%. The 1% feeding group showed the lowest weight loss of the three experimental groups. The blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level were significantly decreased in the FE fed rats compared to the diabetic control (DMC) group. The lipid levels in serum were decreased in 1% and 3% FE fed rats in comparison to the DMC group, and there was no significant difference in triglyceride levels due to the FE concentration. The HDL-C level was significantly increased in rats with FE supplemented diets, compared to the DMC group. The levels of lipid peroxides in liver tissue were significantly decreased in FE fed diabetic rats, and the hepatic glycogen content was increased in rats receiving supplements. As a result of these studies, we believe 1% FE may be the optimum level for controlling blood glucose and alleviating hyperlipidemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 1988

The present study was undertaken to clarify the involvement of atrial natriuretic peptide in the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Plasma concentration of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide was higher in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in normotensive Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats. Plasma renin concentration was lower in SHR than in normotensive rats, as observed in earlier experiments. Hydration-induced increase in urine flow and urinary excretions of sodium and potassium were smaller in SHR than in normotensive control rats. Intraarterial infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide resulted in increases in urine flow, urinary excretions of sodium and potassium in both hypertensive and normotensive rats. Renal response to atrial natriuretic peptide was markedly suppressed in SHR. Plasma renin and aldosterone concentration were suppressed by atrial natriuretic peptide in both SHR and normotensive rats. The responses were not significantly different in both groups. These results suggest that the renal responsiveness to atrial natriuretic peptide may be suppressed in SHR by some mechanisms still remaining obscure.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 1996

To evaluate an effect of ethanol pretreatment on the toluene metabolism, toluene (50% in olive oil) was given three times at 0.2 ml/100g body weight at the interval of one day to the rats fed with 5% ethanol during two months. The ethanol pretreated rats were not identified particular liver injury by the histopathologic findings. In case of toluene treatment, the ethanol pretreatment to the rats led to more increased concentration of urinary hippuric acid than those treated with only toluene. The ethanol pretreatment to the rats led to the increased activities of hepatic aniline hydroxylase and these enzyme activities were higher both in toluene treated and those pretreated with ethanol, but no differences were found in two groups. Ethanol pretreated rats showed the more increased activities of benzylalcohol dehydrogenase than control group. Moreover, the ethanol pretreatment to the toluene treated rats led to significantly more increased activities of benzylalcohol dehydrogenase compared with those treated with toluene only. Furthermore, the alcohol pretreatment to the toluene treated rats also led to somewhat higher activities of benzaldehyde dehydrogenase than those treated with toluene. In conclusion, these results indicate that the chronic pretreatment of ethanol at not so much liver damage as normal may rather activate the toluene metabolism.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 1996

The effect of KTC-1, a new semisynthetic rifamycin antituberculous drug, on general toxicity, reproductive capability and fetal development was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Male rats were administered KTC-1 with mashed feed from 63 days before mating to the end of mating period, and female rats were given from 14 days before mating to day 7 of gestation at dose levels of 0, 375, 750, and 1,500 ppm. The females were sacrificed on day 21 of gestation for examination of their fetuses. At 1,500 ppm, a reduction in body weight gain and testis atrophy were observed in male rats. Histological examination revealed testicular atrophy, absence or decrease of germinal cells, and vacuolization of Sertoli cells in testis. A reduction in body weight gain, a decrease in food consumption were found in female rats. In addition, decreases in the number of corpora lutea, iraplantations, and the litter size of live fetuses were seen. Mating, fertility, and pregnancy performances were also affected. There were no external abnormalities observed by examination of fetuses. At 750 ppm, a reduction in the body weight gain of male and female rats and decreases in the number of implantations and litter size were found. At 375 ppm, no treatment-related effects were observed. The results suggest that the no-effect dose levels (NOELs) of KTC-1 are 375 ppm for males and females on general toxicity, 750 ppm for males and females on reproductive capability, and 375 ppm for fetuses on embryonic development.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.408-419
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• 1991

The effects of various dietary fats on plasma lipids. liver lipids, and Plasma Peroxide levels were studied in rats fed for 6 wk with diets containing 15 wt% fat, as sesame oil. raw perilla seed oil. roasted perilla seed oil, heated perilla seed oil. mackerel oil or beef tallow. TBA values of these lipids during 4 wk storage, and linolenic acid contents of three kinds of perilla seed oil were also measured. Linolenic acid contents of raw perilla seed oil. roasted perilla seed oil and heated perilla seed oil were 62.3%, 61.6% and 53.1% respectively. Raw perilla seed oil showed the lowest rate of lipid peroxidation after 4 wk storage at 4$^{\circ}C$, and mackerel oil showed the highest peroxidation rate. The plasma cholesterol levels of rats consuming diets in which the carbohydrate was rice were not affected by n-3 PUFA. Rather, the degree of peroxidation seems to have a direct effect on cholesterol levels as shown by the hypocholesterolemic effect of raw perilla seed oil and beer tallow. However. the HDL-cholesterol level was greater in rats fed either roasted perilla seed oil or mackerel oil. Rats fed roasted perilla seed oil and raw perilla seed oil had lower levels of plasma triglycerides than rats fed beef tallow. In rats fed roasted perilla seed oil, the total lipid and cholesterol contents of liver were significantly lower than in those fed the other kinds of perilla seed oil. The plasma lipid peroxide levels were lower in rats fed either roasted perilla seed oil or beef tallow.