• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.595-600
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• 2022

Water dropworts, Oenanthe javanica and O. javanica var. japonica are called "minari" in Korea and are eaten as a vegetable. Cicuta virosa is common European water hemlock and has toxic properties, such as cicutoxin. Molecular variations of water dropwort species in Korea were investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The six populations were studied with 10 primers (Operon, OPB) for RAPD analysis. The 72 DNA fragments (bands) were found among six populations. Among these 72 bands, 61 (84.7%) bands were polymorphic. The typical populations of Cicuta virosa in Korea were small, isolated, and patchily distributed for natural populations and they maintained a high level of genetic diversity. However, when cultivated populations of O. javanica var. japonica were large and widely grown in rice paddies as vegetables, they maintained a lower genetic diversity than those of C. virosa and wild populations of O. javanica. Although the diversity indices of wild populations were shown to be higher than those of cultivated populations, no significant difference for measures of genetic variability was shown. Total genetic diversity value (H_T) was 0.342. The interlocus variation in the within-population genetic diversity (H_S) was 0.201. The proportion of total genetic variation due to differences among populations (G_ST) range was 0.414, indicating that 41.4% of the total variation was among populations. In conclusion, the RAPD technique was a useful method for discrimination between C. virosa and O. javanica. In addition, RAPD-OPB markers could further distinguish the strains from different food sources.

• Mycobiology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 2002

Gibberella fujikuroi is species complex. This species complex includes Fusarium tabacinum, F. moniliforme(=F. verticillioides), F. nygamai, F. proliferatum as well as F. subglutinans. Our objective was to develop a technique to differentiate between isolates of F. subglutinans, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. Thirty-two strains of F. subglutinans, six strains from F. verticillioides and five strains of F. Proliferatum isolated from maize in Austria were studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD). F. subglutinans strains clustered very closely, with similarity ranging from $87{\sim}100%$. On the other hand, all the amplification patterns of F. verticillioides were identical, as well as in the case of F. proliferatum. Our results indicated that these Fusaria species are distinct species and hence RAPD markers can be quick and reliable for differentiating them.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2003

Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax. In order to develop a DNA marker specific for Bacillus anthracis and to discriminate this species from Bacillus cereus group, we applied the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR technique to a collection of 29 strains of the genus Bacillus, including 22 species of the B. cereus group. A 709-bp RAPD marker (KHT5) specific for B. anthracis was obtained from B. anthracis BAK. The PCR product of internal primer set from the KHT5 fragment distinguished B. anthracis from the other species of the B. cereus group.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 1993

The study was carried out for comparison of variants and development of genetic markers using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic D사A (RAPD) analysis method. The ginseng variants used were as follows: Chungkyung-Chong, Hwangskoog-Chong, KG101 selected by the pureline selection method, and 6 kinds of Jakyung-Chong strains Uinjakyung, Jakyung-Chong 81783, Jakyung-Chong 847913, Jaky tong-Chong 79742, Jinjakyung of USSR, and Mimaki of Japan). Four of 10 RAPD primers showed the distinctive polymorphism among 9 ginseng variants and lines, and were selected for more detailed polymorphic analysis. The sequences of 4 selected primers were TGCCGAGCTG (Primer#2), AATCGGGCTG (#4), GAAACGGGTG (U7), and GTGACGTAGG (#8). All primers produced several common bands among the strains. However, when primer # 2 was applied, the electrophoregram showed the specific band at 1.8 kb region in Chungkyung-Chong, Hwangskoog- chong, and KG101, and 1 kb in the Jakyung-Chong 847913. In primer #4, 1.1 kb band was shown in Chungkyung-Chong, Hwangskoog-Chong, KG101, and Jakyung-Chong 79742. In primer # 7, 700 bp band was appeared in Jakyung-Chong 81783 and Jinjakyung of USSR In primer # 8, 800 bp band was observed only in Mimaki, comparing to another strains. When Similarity Index (SI) was calculated, Chungkyung-Chong and Hwngskoog-Chong, and Jakyung- chong 81783 and Jinjakyung of USSR showed the most close SI, 0.11 and 0.08, respectively. The data of KG101, which showed the SI of 0.13 with the group of Chungkyung-Chong and Hwangskoog-Chong, coincided with the fact that it was released from Hwangskoog-Chong by breeding process. The data of Jakyung strains indicated the significant variation among the strains. From these results, RAPD analysis method could be succesively applied to the classification and genetic analysis for breeding of Korean ginseng.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated genetic diversity of 22 microsporidian isolates infecting tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta collected from various geographical forest locations in the state of Jharkhand, India, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based marker assay: random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A type species, NIK-1s_mys was used as control for comparison. The shape of mature microsporidians was found to be oval to elongate, measuring 3.80 to $5.10{\mu}m$ in length and 2.56 to $3.30{\mu}m$ in width. Of the 20 RAPD primers screened, 16 primers generated reproducible profiles with 298 polymorphic fragments displaying high degree of polymorphism (97%). A total of 14 RAPD primers produced 45 unique putative genetic markers, which were used to differentiate the microsporidians. Calculation of genetic distance coefficients based on dice coefficient method and clustering with un-weighted pair group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis was conducted to unravel the genetic diversity of microsporidians infecting tasar silkworm. The similarity coefficients varied from 0.059 to 0.980. UPGMA analysis generated a dendrogram with four microsporidian groups, which appear to be different from each other as well as from NIK-1s_mys. Two-dimensional distribution based on Euclidean distance matrix also revealed considerable variability among different microsporidians identified from the tasar silkworms. Clustering of few microsporidian isolates was in accordance with the geographic origin. The results indicate that the RAPD profiles and specific/unique genetic markers can be used for differentiating as well as to identify different microsporidians with considerable accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 1996

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis was applied to detect the molecular polymorphisms in Gentiana scabra var. buergeri. A high level of molecular variability was found among wild plants and cultivars. In genetic analysis, eight of twenty primers were selected and 54 amplification products ranged 2. 2 to 0.2 kb were compared. Twenty - nine amplified products showed polymorphic, while five were monomorphic. Twenty of line specific bands were found. In genetic similarity and cluster analysis using PCR products, three wild plants collected from Naejangsan, Daedunsan and Keojedo and one cultivar Seochunjaerae were grouped into one cluster, while cultivar Jinbujaerae and Japanese line separated into another clusters, respectively. The identification of DNA polymorphisms by the RAPD technique will facilitate the selection of the lines from different origin.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.295-298
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• 1997

Genonlic DNA from Metagonimn vokogawci and Metagonimw Miyata type was amplified by polymerase chain reaction based on the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPDI technique. Eight random 10-mer oligonucleotide primers (OPA-02, 5-TGCCGAGCTG-3; OPA-09, 5-GGGTAACGCC-3; OPA-17, 5-GTGATCGCAG-3; OPA-11, 5-CAATCGCCGT-3; OPA-13, 5-CAGCACCCAC-3; OPA-17. 5-GACCGCTrGT-3; OPA-19, 5-CAAACGTCGG-3; OPA-20, 5-GTTGCGATCC-3) WITH A G+C CONTENT FO 60-70% (Kit A. Operon Technologies Inc., California, USAI could produce distinguishable banding patterns between the two Metngonimus species. From the results of this study, it was suggested that Metcsonimus Miyata type has a different DNA sequence from M. WOkQgGUIGi. Key words: Metcgonimw vokognwai, MetnBonimw Miyata type, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1233-1237
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• 2008

The genetic variability within and among three deer species in Malaysia, namely Cervus nippon (sika), Cervus timorensis (rusa) and Cervus unicolor (sambar), were evaluated using the RAPD technique. The DNA extracted from the buffy coat of 34 sika, 38 rusa and 9 sambar were analysed using ten primers that gave bands which showed good resolution. The primers generated 164 RAPD markers in total, and these ranged in size from 150 to 900 bp. The percent of polymorphism of the bands generated per primer ranged from 66.66-93.33% for rusa, 36.84-61.14% for sambar and 52.38-100% for sika. The overall percent polymorphism observed for the 164 RAPD markers was 99.39%. The results revealed five exclusive, monomorphic markers for sambar and one exclusive, monomorphic marker for sika; none was observed for rusa. However, these cannot be declared as markers for the identification of the species without analysis of more samples, populations and species. The means of within population genetic distances, based on Dice's and Jaccard's similarity indices, were similar for the rusa (0.383 and 0.542, respectively) and sika (0.397 and 0.558, respectively) populations with the sambar population being the least variable (0.194 and 0.323, respectively). The Dice based genetic distances within the species ranged from 0.194 to 0.397 and the genetic distances among the species were 0.791-0.911. The genetic distances based on Dice's and Jaccard's similarity indices between the rusa and sambar were 0.556 and 0.713, between the rusa and sika populations were 0.552 and 0.710, and between sambar and sika were 0.622 and 0.766, respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.232-239
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• 2011

The genus Acorus is known as an indigenous medicinal plant. Genetic diversity of thirteen accessions of A. calamus and eight of A. gramineus, with an accession of Colocasia antiquorum and two of Iris pseudacorus as outgroups, were evaluated using RAPD markers for cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis, and NIR spectroscopic profiles for principal component analysis.A total of 371 polymorphic bands were obtained by using the selected 12 random primers. The genetic distances were estimated from 0.03 to 0.31 within A. calamus and from 0.03 to 0.51 within A. gramineus. The dendrogram and three-dimensional plot separated the accessions into four distinct groups (A. calamus, A. gramineus, C. antiquorum, and I. pseudacorus). Moreover, for the diversity among genus Acorus, eleven A. calamus accessions, one A. gramineus accession, and two I. pseudacorus accessions were non-destructively analyzed from their leaves by NIR spectroscopy, which discriminated Acorus accessions like the RAPD analysis. Interestingly, thirteen accessions of A. calamus were clustered into two groups based on RAPD and NIR analyses, which indicates that there are two ecotypes of A. calamus in Korea. An accession (CZ) of A. calamus with yellow stripe on leaves was closely grouped with another (CX) at a genetic distance (GD) of 0.03, which shows that the stripe trait might be generated by chimeric mutation. The genetic distance between A. calamus and A. gramineus was revealed to be farthest from 0.80 to 0.88 GD. In genus Acorus the genetic diversity and genetic variation were identified by using RAPD marker technique and non-destructive NIRs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.406-413
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• 2016

Abalones are gastropod mollusks belonging to the genus Haliotis. Pacific abalones are regarded as a very important marine gastropod mollusk in Korea, Japan, China, and also in food industries around the world. In Korea, 6 species of abalone have been reported to occur along the coasts: Haliotis discus hannai, Haliotis discus discus, Haliotis madaka, Haliotis gigantea, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta, and Haliotis diversicolor diversicolor. This study was performed to discriminate the genetic variances by the partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis against four species of Pacific abalone (H. discus hannai, H. discus, H. madaka, H. gigantea). COI gene is reasonably well conserved and has been sequenced in various invertebrate taxa. The RAPD analysis technique is a relatively simple and low cost method that allows differentiation of taxa without the need to know their genomes. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships within each species. The COI and RAPD analysis were able to distinguish between H. gigantea and the other three species. However, these analysis methods were inadequate to distinguish between H. discus and H. madaka. These results are believed to be able to provide a basis data for future hybrid breeding research by defining the genetically closely related four species of abalone, which is to develop new hybrid abalone for export using hybrid breeding.