• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.855-858
• /
• 2008

It can be said that indicator of national competitiveness in 21C knowledge-based society is a ability to create various values of knowledge. Investment of R&D in Korea is located at very high position in the world, and RAND Corporation classified Korea as a industrialized country in science & technology fields because of having potentiality to future technology with major industrialized countries. But globalization status of science and technology is badly lower position among OECD nations. To disseminate Korea's scientific and technical information in the world, this paper's purpose is to examine efforts of non-english speaking countries. And it introduces KoreaScience, gateway to scientific and technical information in korea.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2022

With the development of artificial intelligence analysis methods, especially machine learning, various fields are widely expanding their application ranges. However, in the case of classical music, there still remain some difficulties in applying machine learning techniques. Genre classification or music recommendation systems generated by deep learning algorithms are actively used in general music, but not in classical music. In this paper, we attempted to classify opera among classical music. To this end, an experiment was conducted to determine which criteria are most suitable among, composer, period of composition, and emotional atmosphere, which are the basic features of music. To generate emotional labels, we adopted zero-shot classification with four basic emotions, 'happiness', 'sadness', 'anger', and 'fear.' After embedding the opera libretto with the doc2vec processing model, the optimal number of clusters is computed based on the result of the elbow method. Decided four centroids are then adopted in k-means clustering to classify unsupervised libretto datasets. We were able to get optimized clustering based on the result of adjusted rand index scores. With these results, we compared them with notated variables of music. As a result, it was confirmed that the four clusterings calculated by machine after training were most similar to the grouping result by period. Additionally, we were able to verify that the emotional similarity between composer and period did not appear significantly. At the end of the study, by knowing the period is the right criteria, we hope that it makes easier for music listeners to find music that suits their tastes.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.18-32
• /
• 1993

A marine engine system (MES) should be evaluated by not only reliability (R) but also maintainability (M) and manning index (MI), because this system can be recognised as a typical man-machine system. In 1977 at the first ICMES Conference in Paris one of the authors presented a total evaluation of the MES with the three indices, R, M, MI, proving the human ability of detecting faults and defects in this system. This paper describes how the MES has developed from the point of view of the above three indices during the past 30 years in Japan and its problems in the future, and arrives at the following conclusions : the reliability of the MES has developed due to quality control (QC) ; the maintainability of the MES has improved due to education and training ; the manning index of the MES has improved due to Rand M ; the availability of the MES has kept constant due to the decreasing complement onboard, at the rate of one person per year approximately ; and two esimations having the three indices were shown by the SRIC 1990 Data Base in Japan, for the two kinds of subsystems in the developed MES.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.959-969
• /
• 1997

This research is intended to help the development of new products and marketing strategies studying consumers' knowledge level and attitude towards original brand and the extension attitude related to the brand image. The detailed purposes of this study are as follow: First, it is to measure consumers' knowledge and attitude towards original brand. Second, it is to clarify the dimensions of the image about the original brand and extended brand product which is perceived by the consumer. Third, it is to meassure image consistency and product similarity between the original brand and extended product. The sample group consisted of female college students 393 in Seoul. Stratified sampling, based on major and grade of sturients and the structure of the college they were attending was used as sampling method. Questionnaires, which were selected from literature and proceeding researches published in Korea and abroad, were modified for this study, SAS Package was used for data analysis. The results observed in this study were as follow: 1. Consumers' knowledge level about original brand showed high among students majoring in clothing-related subjects and their general attitude proved to be positive. 2. Image factors of original brand were classified to dignity factor, personality/modernity factor, femininity factor, and ornamentation factor. Lipstick is considered to have high image consistency and product similarity. 3. Comparing the attitude before and after extension, extension to lipstick which showed high image consistency and product similarity received more positive reactions than one to bed cover sheet. 4. It was founded that although knowledge and attitude towards original brand with image consistency had no influence on the extension attitude, knowledge and attitude without image consistency influence the extension attitude.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 2009

Objectives : To identify target areas and set priorities among those areas identified for national quality evaluation. Methods : Target areas were identified from: i) analysis of the national health insurance claims data, mortality and prevalence data ii) various group surveys, including representatives from 22 medical specialty associations, 19 physician associations, QI staffs in hospital, civil organizations, and commissioners of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA) ⅲ) literature reviews and RAM(RAND/UCLA appropriateness method). The priority areas for national quality evaluation represented the full spectrum of health care and the entire life span. The criteria for selecting the priority areas were impact, improvability, and measurability. The priority areas were divided into three categories : short-term, mid-term, long-term. Results: Based on the group surveys and the data analysis, 46 candidates were selected as quality evaluation priority areas. 13 areas were selected as having a short-term priority areas: tuberculosis, community acquired pneumonia, stroke, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic lower respiratory disease(asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), intensive care unit, emergency room, nosocomial infection, use of antibiotics, multiple medication and renal failure. This results suggested that we need to enlarge the target priority areas to the chronic diseases in short-term. Conclusions: The priority areas identified from the study will assist healthcare quality associated institutions as well as HIRA in selecting quality evaluation areas. It is required to develope and implement strategies for improving the quality of care within the next 5 years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.50 no.7
• /
• pp.181-193
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to establish the marketing strategy, that strengthens the brand royalty of their own in apparel industry and that can induce consumer's brand switching against competitive brand. This might be done by suggesting influencing factors on the brand switching for fashion goods. This study was classified into theoretical and experimental study Experimental study was done, using the survey to prove the models for consumers' responses to brand switching by the theoretical study. The survey was conducted through two preliminary questionnaires. It was used as a criterion to prove the validity of the main survey and analyse the reliability. It analyzed at last five hundred ninety-two women in the age of twenty to thirty years odd who live in Seoul and the suburban of Seoul. Followings are the summary of the results revealed through the experimental study. First, brand switching behavior of consumers far formal dress was attributed to two extremes the inner motivation of variety seeking tendency and communication contact, complex variety seeking group, true variety seeking group, derived variety seeking group, and variety avoiding group. Second, the structure of low dimension related fashion according to factor analysis, which affects brand switching, was composed to involvement in 5-dimension, information search in 3-dimension. Based on the results of this study the types of brand switching in fashion goods can be classified by the variety seeking tendency. as inner motivation, and level of contact communication as a outside stimuli. In addition this study showed a correlation among the factors for brand switching related to variables of fashion.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.52-62
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate dietary macronutrient and $VO_{2}$ by BMI The subjects consisted of 50 female college students. They were divided into three groups: Below BMI 18.5 kg/$m^{2}$ (n = 9), BMI 18.5 - 23 kg/$m^{2}$ (n = 28), above BMI 23 g/$m^{2}$ (n = 13). Health-related questionnaires, dietary macronutrients, macronutrient compositions, food frequency questionnaires, body compositions and $VO_{2}$ were studied. Macronutrient compositions that macronutrient intakes were expressed by the percentage of daily energy intakes. There were significant differences in body fat, percent of body fat, and fat distribution by BMI Also, significantly increasing of basal metabolic rate (BMR) was shown by BMI, but BMR per body weight was decreased by BMI Overall, there were no significant differences in health-related questionnaires, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), dietary macronutrients and $VO_{2}$ by BMI but salty taste preferences and carbohydrate intakes, FFQ of beans, white vegetables rand, yellow-green vegetables in the above BMI 23 g/$m^{2}$ group were significantly higher than other groups. There were no significant differences in macronutrient composition but the lipid composition of subjects was shown above $20\%$. Also, energy intakes of subjects were shown to be low; especially the below BMI 18.5 kg/$m^{2}$ group was very low ($55\%$ of RDA). Significantly positive correlation was found in BMR and body composition such as skeletal muscle & lean body mass, but significant correlation was not found in BMR and dietary macronutrients. Overall, researched energy metabolism factor was not different by BMI Only in the BMI 18.5 23 kg/$m^{2}$ (normal) group, significantly positive correlation was found in $VO_{2}$peak and body fat oxidation. Therefore, proper nutritional education for female college students is needed in order to improve their obesity-related health. Moreover, a nutritional survey method of finding diverse factors that affect their health should be developed to meet various needs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.1908-1918
• /
• 1991

Fatigue tests have been carried out to measure the degradation of the residual strength and the fatigue life in carbon/epoxy (0/45/90/-45)$_{2s}$ composite materials. Theoretical predictions of residual strength and fatigue life were compared with experimental results. Distribution characteristics were studied using the probability of failure based on the cumulative distribution function and median rand. The static ultimate strength of carbon/epoxy composites used herein is observed to be relatively higher than that of existing similar composites ; while fatigue life is shorter due to the brittleness of matrix. The fatigue life obtained in these experiments is shorter than that estimated by residual strength degradation model when the stress level above 0.6 For the stress level of 0.6, the experimental value was abruptly increased. The cumulative distribution function for the static ultimate strength is well correlated to that for the strength converted from the measured fatigue life. Also, the predicted distribution of residual strength shows good agreement with the experimental results. Therefore, it is proven that the residual strength degradation model is reasonable.e.

• Bioinformatics and Biosystems
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2006

The aim of this paper is to discuss the effect of missing values in detecting differentially expressed genes in a cDNA microarray experiment in the context of a one sample problem. We conducted a cDNA micro array experiment to detect differentially expressed genes for the metastasis of colorectal cancer based on twenty patients who underwent liver resection due to liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. Total RNAs from metastatic liver tumor and adjacent normal liver tissue from a single patient were labeled with cy5 and cy3, respectively, and competitively hybridized to a cDNA microarray with 7775 human genes. We used $M=log_2(R/G)$ for the signal evaluation, where Rand G denoted the fluorescent intensities of Cy5 and Cy3 dyes, respectively. The statistical problem comprises a one sample test of testing E(M)=0 for each gene and involves multiple tests. The twenty cDNA microarray data would comprise a matrix of dimension 7775 by 20, if there were no missing values. However, missing values occur for various reasons. For each gene, the no missing proportion (NMP) was defined to be the proportion of non-missing values out of twenty. In detecting differentially expressed (DE) genes, we used the genes whose NMP is greater than or equal to 0.4 and then sequentially increased NMP by 0.1 for investigating its effect on the detection of DE genes. For each fixed NMP, we imputed the missing values with K-nearest neighbor method (K=10) and applied the nonparametric t-test of Dudoit et al. (2002), SAM by Tusher et al. (2001) and empirical Bayes procedure by $L\ddot{o}nnstedt$ and Speed (2002) to find out the effect of missing values in the final outcome. These three procedures yielded substantially agreeable result in detecting DE genes. Of these three procedures we used SAM for exploring the acceptable NMP level. The result showed that the optimum no missing proportion (NMP) found in this data set turned out to be 80%. It is more desirable to find the optimum level of NMP for each data set by applying the method described in this note, when the plot of (NMP, Number of overlapping genes) shows a turning point.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.499-502
• /
• 2004

Groundwater chemistry in a coastal region having complex contaminant sources was investigated. Water analysis data for 197 groundwater samples collected from the uniformly distributed sixty-six wells were used. Chemical analysis rand results indicate that groundwaters show wide concentration ranges in major inorganic ions, reflecting complex hydrochemical processes of pollutants. Due to the complexity of groundwater chemistry, Results illustrate that thirty five percent of the wells do not fit for drinking based on nitrate and chloride concentration in the study area. the samples were classified into four groups based on Cl and NO$_3$ concentrations and the processes controlling water chemistry were evaluated based on the reaction stoichiometry. The results explained the importance of mineral weathering, anthropogenic activities (nitrification and oxidation of organic matters), and Cl-salt inputs (seawater, deicer, NaCl, etc.) on groundwater chemistry. It was revealed that mineral dissolution is the major process controlling the water chemistry of the low Cl and NO$_3$ group (Group 1). Groundwaters high in NO$_3$ (Groups 2 and 4) are acidic in nature, and their chemistry is largely influenced by nitrification, oxidation of organic matters and mineral dissolution. In the case of chloride rich waters (Group 3), groundwater chemistry is highly influenced by mineral weathering and seawater intrusion associated with cation-exchange reactions.