• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2014

In this study, HPLC-RI was used to determine sugars and sugar alcohols contents in 102 different kinds of processed foods met to children's taste. The average amount of sugars per 100 g of candies was 70.25 g, of processed cocoa products was 65.34 g, of processed chocolate products was 47.53 g, of breads was 25.66 g, of cookies was 22.28 g, of ices was 12.47 g, of snacks was 9.74 g. Processed cocoa product items had relatively higher sucrose contents (56.80 g/100 g) than any other items. The average amount of sucrose per 100 g of candies was 44.20 g, of processed chocolate products was 32.89 g, of breads was 23.11 g. When the contents of sugars in processed foods met to children's taste per on serving size were compared to WHO guidelines, the percentages were 5.84~28.52 about recommended daily intake of total sugar of 50 g. The result for the analysis of confectioneries showed that 13 samples of 102 were detected and the sugar alcohols content of samples investigated varied between 0.01~15.06%.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2014

The seaweeds with high carbohydrate ratio Gelidium amansii, Saccharina japonica and Enteromorpha intestinalis were used as red, brown, and green seaweeds, respectively. Thermal acid hydrolysis, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation were carried out using those seaweeds to produce ethanol. The ethanol concentrations from red, brown and green seaweed were 14.8 g/L, 11.6 g/L and 9.9 g/L, respectively. After the production of ethanol, the seaweeds were reused to absorb heavy metal. The maximum biosorption ratio was Cu(II) (89.6%), Cr(III) (82.9%), Ni(II) (66.1%). Cu(II) had the highest affinity with 3 waste seaweeds. Red seaweed was verified the most effective substrates to both process.

• 생태와환경
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.288-297
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• 2010

본 연구는 2008년과 2009년에 금강의 대표적 지류중 하나인 미호천을 대상으로 상류, 중류, 하류 지점을 선정하고, 각 지점에서 서식하고 있는 피라미의 생체 조직별 총수은 농도를 분석하였다. 또한 오염내성도 길드 및 섭식길드 분석을 통해 어류상 분포를 규명하였으며, 어류군집를 이용한 다변수 평가모델을 적용하여 생태계 건강성을 평가하였다. 조사를 통해 채집된 어류는 총 40종 2,557 개체이며 이중 피라미가 35% (894개체)로 우점하고 있었고, 고유종은 11.4% (10종 291개체)가 출현하여 금강수계의 평균 고유종 비율(39.3%)보다 낮게 나타나고 있다. 오염내성도에 따른 길드분석결과, 전체적으로 내성종이 58.9% (15종 1,507개체)로 단연 우세하였고, 민감종은 6.6% (4종 168개체)로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 또한 섭식길드 분석에서도 잡식종이 60.5% (17종 1,546개체)로 높게 출현한 반면, 충식종은 31.5% (11종 805개체)로 낮게 나타났다. 여울성 저서어종수도 전체의 7.7% 정도로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 다변수 어류 평가지수를 통한 생태계 건강성 평가에서는 2008년에 평균 25.3 (n=3), 보통~악화상태(Fair~Poor condition)를, 2009년에 평균 26.3 (n=3), 보통상태(Fair condition)를 각각 보이고 있었다. 물리적 서식지 평가모델 분석결과에서는 평균 134 (n=3)로서 양호상태를 보이고 있으나, 대부분의 지점에서 하상 퇴적물의 축적이 관찰되어 저질 오염이 진행되고 있었다. 어류 조직별 수은농축도 분석에서는 신장 조직(Kidney)이나 간 조직(Liver)에서 높게 나타나며, 아가미(Gill)에서 가장 낮게 나타나고 있으며 전체적으로 한국 식약청의 담수어 중금속 잔류 허용기준인 500 ${\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$을 초과하지 않은 상태로 나타났다. 전체적으로 본 연구는 각종 산업단지 및 농공단지 등과 함께 분뇨 및 폐수처리시설 등과 같은 점오염원이 넓게 산재되어 상하류 전체 구간에 걸쳐 영향을 받고 있는 미호천의 생태적 특징을 잘 반영하고 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.559-569
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• 2010

The liquid-phase sintering method was used to prepare a glass lens forming core composed of SiC-$Al_2O_3-Y_2O_3$. Spark plasma sintering was used to obtain dense sintered bodies. The sintering characteristics of different SiC sources and compositions of additives were studied. Results revealed that, owing to its initial larger surface area, $\alpha$-SiC offers sinterability that is superior to that of $\beta$-SiC. A maximum density of $3.32\;g/cm^3$ (theoretical density [TD] of 99.7%) was obtained in $\alpha$-SiC-10 wt% ($6Al_2O_3-4Y_2O_3$) sintered at $1850^{\circ}C$ without high-energy ball milling. The maximum hardness and compression stress of the sintered body reached 2870 Hv and 1110 MPa, respectively. The optimum ultra-precision machining parameters were a grinding speed of 1243 m/min, work spindle rotation rate of 100 rpm, feed rate of 0.5 mm/min, and depth of cut of $0.2\;{\mu}m$. The surface roughnesses of the thus prepared final products were Ra = 4.3 nm and Rt = 55.3 nm for the aspheric lens forming core and Ra = 4.4 nm and Rt = 41.9 for the spherical lens forming core. These values were found to be sufficiently low, and the cores showed good compatibility between SiC and the diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating material. Thus, these glass lens forming cores have great potential for application in the lens industry.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1005-1013
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• 2008

In this study, in order to analyze the air quality of the indoor environments of schools, we measured the indoor, outdoor and personal exposure concentration level of $PM_{10}$ for 40 classrooms(20 old, 20 new) in chungnam area from June 22 to July 19 and from November 21 to December 30, 2003. 1. Old classrooms contained more dust than new classrooms; the average of respirable dust is $43.27\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for new classrooms while $53.38\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for old one. The exposure concentration level of respirable dust in new classrooms were in summer higher outdoors than indoors. The values were indoors $46.71\;{\mu}g/m^3$, outdoors $50.46\;{\mu}g/m^3$, and personal $41.62\;{\mu}g/m^3$. Meanwhile in winter indoors had a higher concentration level than outdoors, the values being indoors $39.11\;{\mu}g/m^3$, outdoors $34.86\;{\mu}g/m^3$, and personal $49.01\;{\mu}g/m^3$. 2. Cr concentration level within dust was slightly higher in summer indoors ($101.50{\pm}32.10\;ng/m^3$) and outdoors ($100.89{\pm}35.18\;ng/m^3$) than winter indoors ($85.80{\pm}48.95\;ng/m^3$) and outdoors ($74.43{\pm}38.93\;ng/m^3$), but in personal concentration level, winter was higher. The results of this research show insufficient understanding of health risks from indoor air pollution, and shows possible health problems to students from school indoor air pollution. As such, a logical and systematic education program for students about the importance of indoor air quality should be carried out. Also the results of $PM_{10}$ concentration level measurements emphasize the need for regular measurements of indoor / outdoor and personal concentration level. New classrooms in particular needs to be used after measuring pollutants and safety, and requires installation of a ventilation device in all classrooms to improve air quality.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2006

계란 품질, 난황 콜레스테롤 함량 및 지방산 조성의 변화에 관한 산란계 사료 내 서로 다른지방의 첨가효과를 조사하였다. 36주령의 Hyline brown 산란계 총 200수(4처리구${\times}$50수/반복)를 공시하여 우지, 옥수수유, 아마인유 및 어유를 각각 5.0% 함유하는 실험사료를 10주간 급여하였다. Haugh unit, 파란 강도, 난각 두께 및 난황색에 대한 처리구 간 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 첨가지방은 계란 콜레스테롤 함량과 고도 불포화지방산 조성을 현저하게 변화시켰다. 난황의 n-6지방산 함량은 옥수수유 첨가구가 31.61%로써 가장 높았고 우지, 아마인유 및 어유 첨가구순으로 낮았으며, n-3 지방산 함량은 아마인유와 어유 첨가구가 각각 9.74%, 5.16%로써 유의적 증가 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 난황지방 산 조성의 n-3지방산 증가는 계란 콜레스테롤 함량 감소를 초래하였다. 난황 콜레스테롤(mg/g yolk) 및 계란 콜레스테롤(mg/60g egg) 범위는 각각 $15.98{\sim}18.37mg$ 및 $227{\sim}261mg$으로써 우지 첨가구가 가장 높았고 어유, 아마인유 및 옥수수유 첨가구 순으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 난황 콜레스테롤의 감소율은 우지 첨가구와 비교하였을 때 어유 13.01%, 아마인유 11.49% 및 옥수수유 6.91%로써 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과는 산란계 사료 내 첨가되는 지방급원을 조절해 줌으로써 계란 콜레스테롤을 낮출 수 있으며 n-6와 n-3 지방산을 난황으로 축적하는 것이 가능함을 시사해준다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.427-430
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• 2014

We developed a novel immunochromatographic assay (ICA) (EZ-Step VanA rapid kit; Dinona, Korea) for the detection of VanA ligase from vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Of eight monoclonal antibodies screened by ELISAs, the VanA ligase ICA constructed with 1H9 plus 3G11 showed the greatest reactivity. The detection limit of the kit was $6.3{\times}10^6$ CFU per test. Of 127 vancomycin-resistant microorganisms, 100 vanA VRE were positive in the VanA ligase ICA, and 27 non-vanA vancomycin-resistant isolates were negative. These results were consistent with those of the PCR analyses. Thus, our ICA is a reliable and easy-to-use immunological assay for detecting VanA-producing VRE in clinical laboratories.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2006

The anti platelet effects of a novel guanidine derivative, KR-32570 ([5-(2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl) furan-2-ylcarbonyl]guanidine), were investigated with an emphasis on the mechanisms underlying its inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. KR-32570 significantly inhibited the aggregation of washed rabbit platelets induced by collagen $(10{\mu}g/mL)$, thrombin (0.05 U/mL), arachidonic acid $(100{\mu}M)$, a thromboxane (TX) $A_2$ mimetic agent U46619 (9,11-dideoxy-9,11-methanoepoxy-prostaglandin $F_2,\;1{\mu}M$) and a $Ca^{2+}$ ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin $(0.5{\mu}M)$ ($IC_{50}$ values: $13.8{\pm}1.8,\;26.3{\pm}1.2,\;8.5{\pm}0.9,\;4.3{\pm}1.7\;and\;49.8{\pm}1.4{\mu}M$, respectively). KR-32570 inhibited the collagen-induced liberation of $[^3H]$arachidonic acid from the platelets in a concentration dependent manner with complete inhibition being observed at $50{\mu}M$. The $TXA_2$ synthase assay showed that KR-32570 also inhibited the conversion of the substrate $PGH_2$ to $TXB_2$ at all concentrations. Furthermore, KR-32570 significantly inhibited the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ mobilization induced by collagen at $50{\mu}M$, which is the concentration that completely inhibits platelet aggregation. KR-32570 also decreased the level of collagen $(10{\mu}g/mL)$induced secretion of serotonin from the dense-granule contents of platelets, and inhibited the NHE-1-mediated rabbit platelet swelling induced by intracellular acidification. These results suggest that the antiplatelet activity of KR-32570 against collagen-induced platelet aggregation is mediated mainly by inhibiting the release of arachidonic acid, $TXA_2$ synthase, the mobilization of cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ and NHE-1.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.480-488
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• 2019

오메가-3 제품의 안전성을 알아보기 위하여, 경기지역에 유통되는 20개의 fish oil과 algae oil을 원료로한 건강기능식품 오메가-3에 대하여 EPA와 DHA의 함량과 산화 정도를 조사하였다. 산가의 결과값은 0-2.9 mg/g으로 평균 및 표준편차는 $0.5{\pm}0.6$이며 CODEX/FAO의 기준 3.0 mg/g을 적용하였을 때 모두 적합하였으며, 과산화물가의 경우 2.6-14.1 meq/kg로 평균 및 표준준편차는 $5.5{\pm}2.9$이며, 기준 5.0 meq/kq을 적용하였을 때 20건 중 11건이 적합하고 9건이 기준을 초과하였다. 아니시딘가는 국제적인 기준을 20을 적용하였을 때 18건이 적합하였으며 2건이 기준을 초과하였다. 총 산화가는 기준 26을 적용하였을 때 16건이 적합하였으며 4건이 기준을 초과하였다. 오메가-3의 산화에 대한 안전성 확보를 위하여 새롭게 설정되어 3월부터 시행되고 있는 산가 및 과산화물가에 대한 기준 올해 11월 시행예정인 아니시딘가와 총산화가에 대한 시행은 매우 바람직하며 지속적인 감시를 통하여 산화로부터의 안전성 확보에 기여할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine the adsorption-desorption characteristics of polyhexame-thyleneguanidine phosphate in three different soil types of textural classification. Adsorption and desorption studies is impotent for prediction their fate and generating essential information on the mobility of chemicals and their distribution in the soil, water and air of our biosphere. The detection limit of the test substance quantified by a spectroscopic method using Eosin indicator was $0.25{\mu}g/mL$. The reproducibility of analytical method was confirmed by the preliminary test. The concentrations of polyhexamethylenequanidine phosphate in aqueous solution were $1.36{\pm}0.09,\;2.45{\pm}0.01,\;and\;$4.25{\pm}0.05{\mu}g/mL$ by a spectroscopic method using Eosin indicator. The adsorption percents of polyhexamethylenequanidine phosphate in soil were greater than 95.2% for all three test soils. The desorption percents from the adsorbed soil were less than 4.5, 4.7 and 4.7%. Therefore, the adsorption coefficient (K) were greater than 110, 111 and 116. The adsorption coefficient calculated as a function of the organic carbon content (Koc) of the test soils were greater than 9,181, 11,100, and 8,942, respectively. Therefore, the test substance, polyhexamethylenequanidine phosphate could be concluded as medium or high adsorption (>25%) and poorly desorption (<75%) in soil media. Therefore, this chemical is likely to be retained in soil media and may not pose a risk in the aquatic environment.