• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.465-478
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• 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of target messenger RNA (mRNA) complementary to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) at the post-transcriptional level. Hsa-miR-422a, which is commonly known as miRNA derived from transposable element (MDTE), was derived from short interspersed nuclear element (SINE). Through expression analysis, hsa-miR-422a was found to be highly expressed in both the small intestine and liver of crab-eating monkey. AT-Rich Interaction Domain 5 B (ARID5B) was selected as the target gene of hsa-miR-422a, which has two binding sites in both the exon and 3'UTR of ARID5B. To identify the interaction between hsa-miR-422a and ARID5B, a dual luciferase assay was conducted in HepG2 cell line. The luciferase activity of cells treated with the hsa-miR-422a mimic was upregulated and inversely downregulated when both the hsa-miR-422a mimic and inhibitor were administered. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 (NF-E2) was selected as the core transcription factor (TF) via feed forward loop analysis. The luciferase expression was downregulated when both the hsa-miR-422a mimic and siRNA of NF-E2 were treated, compared to the treatment of the hsa-miR-422a mimic alone. The present study suggests that hsa-miR-422a derived from SINE could bind to the exon region as well as the 3'UTR of ARID5B. Additionally, hsa-miR-422a was found to share binding sites in ARID5B with several TFs, including NF-E2. The hsa-miR-422a might thus interact with TF to regulate the expression of ARID5B, as demonstrated experimentally. Altogether, hsa-miR-422a acts as a super enhancer miRNA of ARID5B by collaborating with TF and NF-E2.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2007

The evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$ (R-744) in a horizontal tube was investigated experimentally. The main components of the refrigerant loop are a receiver, a variable-speed pump, a mass flow meter, a pre-heater and an evaporator (test section). The test section consists of a smooth, horizontal stainless steel tube of 4.57 mm inner diameter. The experiments were conducted at saturation temperature of $-5^{\circ}C\;to\;5^{\circ}C$, and heat flux of 10 to $40kW/m^2$. The test results showed that the evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$ are highly dependent on the vapor quality, heat flux and saturation temperature. The measured pressure drop during the evaporation process of $CO_2$ increases with increased mass flux, and decreased saturation temperature. The evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$ is much lower than that of R 22. In comparison with test results and existing correlations, the best fit of the present experimental data is obtained with the previous correlation. But existing correlations failed to predict the evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$. Therefore, it is necessary to develop reliable and accurate predictions determining the evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$ in a horizontal tube.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.249-255
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• 2005

Flow condensation heat transfer coefficients(HTCs) of R22, R4IO, Propane(R290) were measured inside a horizontal 9 hole aluminum multi-channel flat tube. The main test section in the refrigerant loop was made of a 0.53 m long multi-channel flat tube of hydraulic diameter of 1.4 mm. Refrigerant was cooled by passing cold water through an annulus surrounding the test section. Data were obtained in qualities of 0.1 ${\sim}$ 0.9 at mass flux of $200{\sim}400$ $kg/m^2s$ and heat flux of $7.3{\sim}7.7$ $kW/m^2$ at the saturation temperature of $4^{\circ}C$. All popular heat transfer correlations in single-phase subcooled liquid flow and flow condensation originally developed for large single tubes predicted the present data of the multi channel flat tube within 25% deviation when effective heat transfer area was used in determining experimental data. This suggests that there is little change in flow characteristics and patterns when the tube diameter is reduced down to 1.4 mm diameter range. Hence, a modified correlation based on the present data was proposed which could be applied to small diameter tubes with effective heat transfer area. The correlation showed a mean deviation of less than 20% for all data.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 2001

The dietary fiber was extracted from apple pomace with various concentrations of acidic, alkaline solvents and water in $24.4{\sim}29.3%$ yield. The extractions of water-soluble dietary fiber with acidic(6.85%) and alkaline solvent(6.55%) were more effective than the water extraction(6.0%). The higher extraction yield was obtained with increased concentration of acidic or alkaline solvents. The content of galacturonic acid was higher in the order, 0.01 M HCl(77.5%)>0.05 M HCl(76.8%)>$H_2O(76.1%)$>0.05 M NaOH(73.8%)> 0.01 M NaOH(69.0%) and the extraction with acidic solvent showed the highest pectin yield. The color value increased by extraction with solvent in higher concentration. And at equal concentration, the color value of alkaline extract was higher than that of acidic exctract. There was no relationship between the color value and the extraction yield of dietary fiber. In the investigation on the rheological properties, the shear stress increased in proportion to galacturonic acid contents. While water-soluble dietary fiber extracted with acid and water represented Newtonian rheological properties, the alkaline extract was inclined to have converting property from pseudoplastic to Bingham pseudoplastic with increment of alkaline concentration. In the studies on the time-dependence of apparent viscosity, the thixotropic property with hysteresis loop was observed in alkaline extract.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1329-1335
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• 2011

Korean native goats, which are characterized by black coat color, have existed on the Korean peninsula for a long time. Until now, there has been no comprehensive investigation concerning their genetic diversity, phylogenetic analysis or origin. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and verified phylogenetic status of the Korean native goat using the 453-bp fragment of the hypervariable fragment I (HVI) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region from 60 individuals among 5 populations. The Korean native goat showed less haplotype diversity when compared with goats from other countries. In addition, 6 haplotypes that had not been previously reported were verified in this study. In phylogenetic analyses with other country's goats, 10 haplotypes from Korean native goats were classified into mtDNA lineage A. Moreover, in a phylogenetic tree for goats which contained mtDNA lineage A, 8 of 10 haplotypes could be included in a subgroup with goats from Vietnam and an area of China. However, none of the remaining haplotypes belonged to a major group of Korean native goats and were located on different independent positions. These results suggest that almost Korean native goats aligned more closely to China and Vietnam breeds in mtDNA lineage A and there was no gene flow from other mtDNA lineages. Our results will contribute to conservation strategies and genetic breeding of Korean native goats.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.94-97
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• 2004

Step-edge Josephson junctions (SEJ) have been fabricated on sapphire substrates with in situ deposited films of CeO$_2$ buffer layer and YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7}$ films on the low angle steps. Direct coupled SQUID magnetometers with the SEJ were formed on 1 cm X 1 cm R-plane sapphire substrates. Typical 5-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-wide Josephson junctions have R$_{N}$ of 3 Ω and I$_{c}$ of 50 $mutextrm{A}$ at 77 K. The direct coupled SQUID magnetometers were designed to have pickup coils of 50-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-wide 16 parallel loops on the 1 cm X 1 cm substrates with outer dimension of 8.8 mm X 8.8 mm. The SEJ SQUID magnetometers exhibit relatively low 1/f noise even with dc bias control, and could be stably controlled by flux-locked loops in the magnetically disturbed environment. Field noise of the do SQUID was measured to be 200∼300 fT/Hz$^{1}$2/in the white noise region and about 2 pT/Hz$^{1}$2/ at 1 Hz when measured with dc bias method.hod.d.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1431-1438
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• 2013

A pack-level battery hardware-in-the-loop simulation (B-HILS) platform is implemented. It consists of dynamic vehicle models using PSAT and multiple control interfaces including real-time 3D driving and GPS mode. In real-time 3D driving mode, user can drive a virtual vehicle using actual drive equipment such as steering wheel and accelerator to generate the cycle profile of the battery. In GPS mode, actual road traffic and terrain effects can be simulated using GPS data while the trajectory is displayed on Google map. In the latter part of the paper, several performance tests of an actual lithium-polymer battery pack are carried out utilizing the developed system. All experiments are conducted as parts of actual development process of a commercial battery pack adopting 2nd generation Prius as a target vehicle model. Through the experiments, the low temperature performance and fuel efficiency of the battery are quantitatively investigated in comparison with the original nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) pack of the Prius.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

In this paper, we demonstrated a polarimetric fiber pressure sensor using a polarization-diversity-loop-based Sagnac interferometer(PDLSI) composed of polarization-maintaining fiber(PMF) and a fiber Bragg grating(FBG). In order to compare the pressure sensitivity for various kinds of PMF, three kinds of bow-tie PMF were employed as sensor heads. The maximum pressure sensitivity was measured as approximately -15.07nm/MPa, and an R2 value to represent sensor linearity was measured as ~0.992 at the sensor system using corresponding PMF over a pressure range of 0-0.3MPa. An FBG was utilized and located adjacent to the PMF segment for compensating temperature-induced errors in the measurement of pressure. The pressure sensitivity of the proposed sensor was improved by approximately four times compared with the previously reported pressure sensor based on polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1992 no.05
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• pp.203-208
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• 1992

In order to restore the gait function by functional electrical stimulation(FES) in hemiplegic patients, an electrical stimulator and foot sensor were developed on the basis of optimal parameters which resulted from animal experiments. Physical properties of the soleus muscle were quite different from those of themedial gastrocnemius muscle, that is, the former had a characteristic or slow muscle and the letter had a characteristic of fast muscle in rats. Optimal parameters for electrical stimulation were 0.2ms of pulse width and 20Hz of frequency in the soleus muscle and 0.3ms, 40Hz in the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Amplitude modulated electrical stimulator with -15V of maximal output was made and automatic on-off time if the stimulator was 5 seconds. The foot sensor composed of 3 sensors in 3 pressure points of the foot was made in order to control the gai t function by closed loop feedback system. The gait function was improved by using the stimulator and foot sensor in peroneal palsy. These results suggest that the electrical stimulator with closed loop feedback system may restore the gait function in hemiplegic patients.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.144-151
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• 1994

We designed and fabricated a $2{\times}4$ symmetric self electro-optic effect device array using GaAs/ AIo.04 G$\DeltaR$), and optical bistability loop width ($\Delta$). The average values of the elements of the $2{\times}4$ S-SEED array were CR~13.1, R~24%, and $\Delta$~91%. It was found that the AFP cavity structure enhances the self-biased optical bistability in ESQW-SEED under no external bias. That is due to the decreased intrisic region thickness in AFP-SEED structures, and which increases the built-in electric fields. The zero-biased S-SEED showed CR of ~4.7, R~9%, and $\Delta$~22%.X>~22%.