• 전기화학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2000

다결정 Pt/0.1 M $H_2SO_4$수성 전해질 계면에서 중간주파수 구간의 위상이동 변화와 Langmuir흡착등온식 사이의 관계를 교류임피던스 방법 즉 위상이동 방법을 이용하여 연구 조사하였다. 제안된 계면등가회로는 전해질저항($R_S$), Faraday저항$(R_F)$, 흡착유사용량$(C_\varphi)$의 등가회로 요소($C_P$)의 직렬접속으로 구성된다 지연되는 위상이동$(\varphi)$은 음전위(E) 및 주파수(f)에 따르며, $\varphi=-tan^{-1}[1/2{\pi}f(R_s+R_F)C_p]$이다. 중간주파수(6Hz)에서 위상이동 변화$(\varphi\;vs.\;E)$는 Langmuir흡착등온식$(\theta\;vs.\;E)$의 결정에 적용할 수 있는 실험적인 방법이다. 다결정 $Pt/0.1\;M\;H_2SO_4$ 전해질 계면에서 수소의 흡착평형 상수(K)와 흡착표준자유에너지$({\Delta}G_{ads})$는 각각 $1.8\times10^{-4}$와 21.4kJ/mol이며 과전위 수소흡착(OPD H)에 기인한다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.741-748
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• 2002

The present study investigated the two-phase flow characteristics of refrigerant R-22 in T-branch with horizontal and vertical inlet tube The key experimental parameters were the orientation of inlet and branch tubes (horizontal and vertical), diameter ratio of branch tube to inlet tube (1 and 0.61), inlet mass flux (200~500 kg/$m^2$s) and inlet quality (0.1~0.4). Predicted pressure profile agreed with the measured data within 25.4%. The flow distribution ratio decreased as the mass flux increased. The flow distribution ratio decreased by 12~25% as the tube diameter ratio decreased from 1 to 0.61, and decreased by 38~47% as the orientation of branch changed from horizontal to vertical upward for horizontal inlet tubes. As the orientation of inlet tube changed from horizontal to vertical upward for horizontal branch, the flow distribution ratio increased by 15~68%, but the quality in the branch tube decreased by 28~92% due to phase separation.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.117-126
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• 1987

연구에서는 작동 유체중에 포집되어 있는 불용성 포집 계면층을 통과하는 금속입자 운동에 대한 특성을 조사하기 위하여 상호 불용인 착색 글리세린수용액과 사염화탄소 등의 계면층을 만들고 단일강구를 하강시켜 이 계면을 통과 할 때의 계면의 변화에 의한 유체 이동의 궤적과 그 후연에 생기는 기포체적에 관한 이론해석 및 실험분석을 통하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. 상층액 내에서의 강구 하강에 의한 유체 이동궤적은 상층액과 하층액의 비중 및 점도가 모두 같은 경우를 제외하고는 상층액의 두께에 영향을 받는다. 2. 하층액의 점도가 상층액의 점도와 같거나 큰 경우의 불용성 계면에서는 용액의 물성치에 관계없이 그 궤적 형상이 일정하고, 하층액의 점도에 의해 지배적이며 그 궤적의 형상은 다음과 같다. (1)/(V-2.35)=0.014+0.038$\mu$l super(-1) + 0.028$\mu$l super(-2). 3. 하층액의 점도가 상층액의 것보다 큰 경우의 유체 이동궤적의 체적은 구의 하강거리와 상하층액의 점도비에 의해 다음과 같다. V(Sr) super(0.34)=7.86a super(-2.08). 4. 후류기포생성체적의 비는 R sub(e)수가 100 이하에서 R sub(e)수에 의존하나 그 이상에서는 M sub(0)수의 영향이 지배적이며 그의 상관식은 다음과 같다. (V sub(w)/V sub(b))M sub(0) super(-0.22)=0.012R sub(e) super(1.53) ; R sub(e)<100. (V sub(w)/V sub(b))M sub(0) super(-0.22)=62.5 ;R sub(e)>100

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.471-478
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• 2011

Investigations of crystal structure and phase transition of $Pb(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3$ ceramics doped with A-site substitution impurity (La, Nd) or B-site substitution impurity (Sb, Nb) at 2 mol% concentration were carried out. X-ray diffraction patterns of impurities doped $Pb(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3$ ceramics have been measured at pressures up to ~5 GPa with diamond anvil cell and synchrotron radiation. The patterns were obtained at room temperature using methanol-ethanol mixture as pressure-transmitting media. In order to refine the crystal structure, Rietveld analysis has been performed. The structures of impurities doped $Pb(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3$ ceramics are tetragonal in space group P4mm at ambient pressure and are transformed into a cubic phase in space group Pm$\bar{3}$m as the pressure increases. In this study, when A-site substitution donor $La^{3+}$ or $Nd^{3+}$ ion was added to $Pb(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3$ ceramics, the phase transition phenomena showed up at the pressure of 2.5~4.6 GPa, but when B-site substitution donor $Nb^{5+}$ or $Sb^{5+}$ ion was added to it, the phase transition appeared at relatively lower pressure of 1.7~2.6 GPa.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.421-439
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• 2022

Phase I dose-finding trials are essential in drug development. By finding the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a new drug or treatment, a Phase I trial establishes the recommended doses for later-phase testing. The primary toxicity endpoint of interest is often a binary variable, which describes an event of a patient who experiences dose-limiting toxicity. However, there is a growing interest in dose-finding studies regarding non-binary outcomes, defined by either the weighted sum of rates of various toxicity grades or a continuous outcome. Although several novel methods have been proposed in the literature, accessible software is still lacking to implement these methods. This study introduces a newly developed R package, UnifiedDoseFinding, which implements three phase I dose-finding methods with non-binary outcomes (Quasi- and Robust Quasi-CRM designs by Yuan et al. (2007) and Pan et al. (2014), gBOIN design by Mu et al. (2019), and by a method by Ivanova and Kim (2009)). For each of the methods, UnifiedDoseFinding provides corresponding functions that begin with next that determines the dose for the next cohort of patients, select, which selects the MTD defined by the non-binary toxicity endpoint when the trial is completed, and get oc, which obtains the operating characteristics. Three real examples are provided to help practitioners use these methods. The R package UnifiedDoseFinding, which is accessible in R CRAN, provides a user-friendly tool to facilitate the implementation of innovative dose-finding studies with nonbinary outcomes.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.485-495
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• 2018

CCC-r 관리도는 고품질공정에서 공정불량률을 관리하는 경우 매우 효율적이라고 알려져 있다. 이 관리도를 사용할 때 관리상태의 공정모수는 일반적으로 알려져 있지 않기 때문에 제1국면의 표본을 추출하여 이를 추정해야 한다. 제2국면에서 관리도의 성능은 제1국면에서 추정한 모수와 관리한계에 영향을 받기 때문에, 추정 오차의 영향을 살펴보는 것은 중요하다. 이 논문에서는 일반적으로 많이 사용하는 평균런길이의 평균(average of average run length) 이외에 평균런길이의 표준편차(standard deviation of average run length)를 사용하여 CCC-r 관리도의 관리상태의 성능을 평가하였다. 그 결과 CCC-r 관리도에서 안정적인 관리상태의 성능을 유지하기 위해서는 이전에 권장하던 제1국면의 표본 크기보다 훨씬 더 큰 표본이 필요하다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.673-680
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• 2017

In the proposed paper, we designed low noise frequency synthesizer with compact size for Multi-Band. The proposed frequency synthesizer consists of fundamental frequency band(2 GHz) and harmonic frequency band(4 GHz). To improve the phase noise and spurious level of frequency synthesizer, we analyze how the configuration of frequency synthesizer affect the phase noise and design the multi-band's structure. The implemented frequency synthesizer reduce both the phase noise and spurious level. The phase noise is -92.17 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz frequency offset in 2 GHz and -90.50 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz frequency offset in 4 GHz. All spurious signals including fundamental frequency are suppressed at least 20 dBc than the second harmonic frequency.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.237-240
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• 2000

We have proposed a simple method based on IIR filters for realizing sound image localization. How-ever the nonlinearity of phase characteristics of the IIR filters, which are used for sound image localization, cause decrease of the localization accuracy. In this paper we investigate the influence of phase characteristics on the sound localization. Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) of a dummy-head are approximated by the IIR filter. We carried out sound image localization experiment with 2-loudspeaker reproduction using the approximated HRTFs. Then the errors which obtained from experiments were compared with the theoretical values which were estimated from the phase shifts of the IIR filters. As a result there was little influence of the nonlinear phase characteristics of the IIR fitters in the localization on the horizontal plane.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.686-697
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• 2003

A new colloidal silver (Ag) system is present in which a fine colloidal Ag is in situ deposited onto functionalized porous poly (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (poly (EGDMA)) microspheres. The effectiveness of Ag deposition was investigated considering the surface characteristics of poly (EGDMA) microspheres. The result reported in this study illustrates that the control of surface area and surface functionality (in this study, a hydroxyl group) of poly (EGDMA) microspheres is an important factor that determines practically the degree of deposition of colloidal Ag. The x-ray analysis showed that Ag nanoparticles were dispersed evenly inner and outer surfaces and had a face center cubic (fee) phase. In the preservative efficacy test, the Ag-containing poly (EGDMA) microspheres had a powerful anti-bacterial activity, showing a high potential for a new preservative in cosmetic industry.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1676-1681
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• 2006

We report on Organic Vapor Phase Deposition $(OVPD^{(R)})$ an innovative deposition technology for organic light emitting device (OLED) and organic semiconductor manufacturing. The combination of $OVPD^{(R)}$ with Close Coupled Showerhead (CCS) technology results in manufacturing equipment with vast potential for cost effective manufacturing of OLED displays commercially competitive to LCD. The actual $OVPD^{(R)}$ equipment concept and design is discussed: Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) modeling is compared with experimental results proving the excellent controllability of the deposition process. Further other production relevant deposition properties are being reviewed e.g. high deposition rates and high organic material utilization efficiency of the $OVPD^{(R)}$ - Technology. Data from devices made by $OVPD^{(R)}$ show comparable/ superior performance to those fabricated with conventional vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE) techniques. An outlook on further potentials of $OVPD^{(R)}$ with respect to enabling advanced organic device structures is given.