• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 1991

The vertical distribution and chemical characteristics of water masses were measured along two south-north transects in the polar front region of the central Korean East Sea. In February, a thermocline was present at depth between 50m and loom at the southern sites of a landward A-transect, and its depth was gradually deepened northward. At an outside B-transect, a thermocline was observed at significantly deep depth of 300m to 400m at two northern stations(Stn. 10 and 11), though the depth of the southward stations was nearly identical to that at the northward stations on a A-transect. In September, there were vertically more various water masses, i.e. the Tsushima Warm surface water(TWSW) or more than $20^{\circ}C$, the Tsushima Middle water(TMW) with a range of $12{\~}17^{\circ}C$, the North Korea Cold Water(NKCW) with $1{\~}7^{\circ}C$ temperature, the Japan Sea Proper Water(JSPW) of less than $1^{\circ}C$, and the mixed water. The North Korea Cold Water could be distinguishable from the other waters, especially from the mixed water of the Tsushima Middle Water and the Japan Sea Proper Water by the pattern of $T-O_2$ diagram. For instance, the North Korea Cold Water had higher oxygen by $1{\~}2ml/l$ than those in the mixed water, although both the two water masses ranged $1{\~}7^{\circ}C$ in water temperature. AOU value was the highest in the JSPW and the lowest in the TWSW. Also, AOU indicated a nearly linear and negative correlation with water temperature. However, AOU data for two masses, the NKCW and the TMW, in September departed remarkably from a regression line. Moreover, the ratio of $$\Delta P/\Delta AOU)$ in September was about $0.45{\mu}g-at/ml$ and higher than the value observed in the open sea. This high value could be elucidated by two factors; intrusion of the NKCW with high oxygen and molecular diffusion of dissolved oxygen from the surface into the lower layer. AOU would be a useful tracer for water masses in the polar front area of the Korean East Sea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.242-251
• /
• 1989

The salted-dried mullet(Mugil japonicus) roe is a kind of traditional food particulary in the area of Young-am gun, Chunnam province. This study was conducted to conform the scientific processing conditions and to evaluate the nutritional quality and changes of major components during storage times. The manufacturing method was that the fresh roe was salted for about 20 hours for the preparation of salted-dried roe, washed by clean waters, drained, shaped a flat piece with 1.2cm thickness by pressing, and spreaded sesame oils on the surface of the salted roe periodically during wind drying for 20 days. The dried roe was blanched in heated water$(80^{\circ}C/3min)$ and packaged the dried product for storages. The fractional compositions of free lipid of wind dried roe were 40% of neutral lipids, 12% of glycolipids and 9% of phospholipids and those of bound lipids were 13% of neutral lipids. 10% of glycolipids and 13% of phospholipids respectively. The major fatty acids of the roe were $C_{16:0}$, $C_{18:0}$, $C_{18:1}$, $C_{18:2}$ and $C_{20:0}$ which was consisted of free and bound lipids in wind drying method during processing and storages. Total amino acids were 99.87g/100g and major amino acids were Glu, Pro, Leu, Lys and CySH and the protein score was average 155% and the chemical score was average 109%. Free amino acids was 1,376mg% that had 50.61% of Pro and the major kinds of those were Tyr and CySH.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.1-25
• /
• 1979

Six natural populations of Pinus densiflora S. et Z. as shown in the location map (Flg 1) were studied during 1978. The numerial pouplation codes, 13 to 18. The results of populations 1 to 12 were reported in previous papers. Following the study methods described before, 20 trees were sampled from each population and morpological characteristics such as stem forms, branching habit needle and wood properties investigated. The results are summerized as follows; 1. The mean stand ages were ranged from 36 to 97 of years. The growth performances of trees of population 14. 15 and 18 was similar, but 13, 16, and 17 seemed to be inferior more or less. 2. The ratios of clear bole length were 0.70 in population 18 as the highest but 0.28 for population 16 as the lowest. 3. The population 17 was considered to be a stand of the coarser branching habit having the crown index (The maximum crown diameter/the crown height) 158 though the branching angles were almost horizontal. 4. The differences were observed in the clear bole length ratios and crown-indices between population as shown In Fig. 3 and 4. 5. As to the serration density, number of stomata row and resin duct; the significant differences exist between individual trees within population and also between populations. 6. Population 18 shown resin duct index 0.119 as the maximum. 7. The patterns of diameter growth, based on the width of 10-year-ring segment unit(for example, the 1st segment denotes the with between pith center and 10th year ring and the 2nd one is from 11th to 20th ring and so on.), were alike among populations as shown in Fig 9. 8. Significant differences between population in mean summer wood percentage as well as in wood specific gravity was observed. The values of wood specific gravity were increased with the increase of ages in population 14, 18 however vice versa in population 13, 15, and 17. 9. The fiber length was mereased with the increased of age but no differences between populations as shown in Fig. 12.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 1994

Paroxetine is a potent and selective serotoin re-uptake inhibitor. It is well known as an effective and safe antidepressant and increasingly used for neurotic or non-psychotic depression with anxiety symptoms. The present study assessed antidepressant and antianxiety efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine against placebo in child-adolescent and adult depressive neurosis patients. 232 subjects aged 8-55 years and meeting DSM-III-R criteria for depressive neurosis or dysthymia were divided into 8 subgroups according to their sex and age(8-11 yeard old, 12-17 years old, 18-35 years old and 36-55 years old subgroup in each male and female group). In each subgroup, the randomly assigned half of the patients were treated with paroxetine(10-30mg/day) and the others with placebo for the first 2 weeks in double blind fashion. After 1 week of drug-washout period, paroxetine and placebo groups were crossed over. The depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed with Hamilton Depression Scale(HDS) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAS) at baseline and every 1 week during the trial periods. The levels of reduction in HDS and HAS scores from baseline after 2-week trial were compared between paroxetine- and placebo- treated periods by paired t-test. In all the 8 subgroups, statistically significant differences between paroxetine and placebo were found on the antidepressant efficacy after 2-week treatment. The antidepressant efficacy of paroxetine compared to placebo was most prominent in child and adolescent female groups. On anxiety symptoms, paroxetine was also significantly more effective than placebo. The antianxiety efficacy of paroxetine compared to placebo was most prominent in male and female child groups and young adult female group aged 18-35 years. As for the adverse effects of paroxetine, 3 out of 232 subjects reported mild indigestion and abdominal pain. however, in all the 3 cases, the symptoms improved without reduction of dosage or discontinuation of the drug. In conclusion, paroxetine showed significantly higher antidepressant and antianxiety efficacy compared to placebo in child-adolescent and adult depressive neurosis patients after 2-week treatment. Further trials of paroxetine in depressive neurosis are warranted to elucidate the long-term antidepressant and antianxiety efficacy of paroxetine.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.107-122
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop menus for daily intake of 25g soybean protein and to analyse nutrients of these foods. Analytical values were compared to the theoretical one using the flood composition table and recommended dietary allowances for Koreans (7th revision). The results are as follows. 1. Soybean curd residue stew, Soybean curd, Kimchi saute, and hard boiled soybean and lotus root were selected for the menu for January, of which the content of soy bean protein(SBP) was 33.1g, soybean stew, soybean curd and soybean sprout saute, and Italian deep fried soybean curd were fur February, of which the content of SBP was 35.0g. The content of SBP in soybean paste soup with soybean curd, fried soybean curd and fried soybean curd roll, the menu for March, was 24.9g. That of April were soybean curd gratin with soymilk, soybean curd and ham with garlic dressing and the content of SBP was 26.3g. That of May were soybean porridge, soybean flour cake with honey (Dasik), soybean sprout soup and the content of SBP was 26.7g. That of June were soymilk, pan-fried soybean curd, steamed soybean curd with chicken and the content of SBP was 28.4g. That of July were noodle with soymilk, mapatofu, soybean curd salad and the content of SBP was 24.7g. That of August were soybean sprout with mustard dressing, Tossed green pepper with raw soybean flour, Tofu and Kimchi stew, soybean curd steak and the content of SBP was 26.2g. That of September were Chinese cabbage soup with raw soybean flour, sweet and sour tofu and the content of SBP was 23.2g. That of Oct. were Fermented soybean stew, soybean pan cake and the content of SBP was 24.3g. That of November were not-pressed soybean curd casserole, pan-fried mashed soybean curd with egg, stir frying deep-fried soybean curd with vegetables and the content of SBP was 22.4g. That of December were soybean curd and mushroom casserole, fried soybean curd and vegetables, hard boiled soybean curd and the content of SBP was 28.9g. 2. The ratio of the analytical value over theoretical value (A/B%) of one serving in kcal, carbohydrate, protein, fat ash and dietary fiber were 57.7~107.7% 42.9~131.9%, 79.2~118.3%, 54.5~ 100%, 40.7~80.8% and 42.1~113.2%, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.25 no.1 s.66
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 1986

The races of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines were investigated at 13 localities in Kyungpook, Chungpook and Cheonnam provinces for the resistant soybean variety selection to soybean cyst nematode. Race C, 1, and 5 were distributed and among them race 5 was dominant in Korea. Native soybean 203 lines and 25 introduced soybean varieties were investigated in field where soybean cyst nematode race 5 infested. As the result, the reproduction of soybean cyst nematode in native soybean lines decreased on entry number 18, 21, 36, 38, 41, 42, 43, 45, 55, 59, 68, 72, 75, 93, 94, 95, 98, 123, 131, 136, 146, 170, 174, 187, 190, 191 than others. And then, in pot experiment, entry number 170 showed moderately resistant with 10 cysts per root, while entry number 55 was decreased reproduction a little and the other 25 line appeared susceptibility. In introduced soybean varieties, Peking, Illsoy and PI90763 showed resistance and not reproduction in field and pot experiment. But Custer, Delmar, Dyer and Jackson represented moderately resistant under 10 cysts, while the other 18 varieties were susceptible. In yield analysis, native soybean line 170 showed the same tendency as Peking and PI90763 known for resistant varieties in decreased rate of branch number, pod number, pod weight per plant and weight of 100 grains. Peking and PI90763 decreased at the rate of under 1.6% in branch number, pod number, pod weight per plant and weight of 100 grains, while Illsoy showed a little higher decreased rate of 3.8% in pod number and 3.4% in pod weight per plant. Custer, Delmar, Dyer and Jackson represented a little higher decreased rate in yield.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.471-479
• /
• 2011

This research, which was conducted for dental hygienists, intended to check out what factors have an influence on their behaviors by measuring the level of self-efficacy and consciousness on the use of radiation, knowledge and attitude on radiation safety management(RSM). The subjects were 235 of the dental hygienists and this study performed a survey 8 May to 17 June, 2011. The survey results were as follows. 1. As a result of comparing the average of the self-efficacy according to the general characteristics, a statistically meaningful difference(p<0.05) was found according to health condition, protection facilities condition. 2. As a result of comparing the average of consciousness about radiation use according to the general characteristics, a statistically meaningful difference(p<0.05) was found according to medical institute type, protection facilities conditions. 3. As a result of comparing the average of the behaviors for RSM according to the general characteristics, a statistically meaningful difference(p<0.05) was found according to monthly income, medical institute type, whether or not education on radiation was conducted, the number of education, education type, and protection facilities condition. 4. As a result of analyzing what factors have an influence on the behaviors for RSM by employing the points of those behaviors as a dependent variable and self-efficacy, consciousness, knowledge and attitude as an independent variable in order to investigate those factors, it turned out that the factors which had a relatively larger influence on the point of behaviors were attitude and self-efficacy by that order(p<0.05). In conclusion, we believe that a variety of programs should be offered to provide knowledge on RSM as a prerequisite for improving the level of RSM behaviors by dental hygienists.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.215-225
• /
• 2001

Background: There are many evidences that inflammation is an important determinant of the development of atherosclerosis and one of the systemic markers of inflammation, C-reactive protein(CRP), is associated with extent of coronary artery disease and risk of coronary events. We assessed the time response of CRP response after coronary angioplasty and it's influence on the clinical restenosis in angina patients. Materials and Methods: Patients included 36 angina patients undergoing single vessel angioplasty. Levels of CRP were measured before and 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after angioplasty. Clinical restenosis was assessed at 6 months after procedure. Results: Baseline CRP level was $0.30{\pm}0.01$ mg/dL in stable and $0.46{\pm}0.28$ mg/dL in unstable angina patients(p<0.05). After angioplasty, CRP level was increased with peak at 24 hour and persisted to 72 hours after angioplasty. At 24 hour after angioplasty, the magnitude of CRP change was $0.32{\pm}0.31$ mg/dL in stable and $0.79{\pm}0.73$ mg/dL in unstable angina patient(p<0.05). The change of CRP level was not associated with troponin-T after angioplasty. In unstable angina patients, clinical restenosis was developed in 8% of patients with low baseline CRP levels and in 50% of those with high baseline CRP levels more than 0.6 mg/dL(p<0.05). Conclusion: In unstable angina patients, inflammatory response is more increased than stable angina patients, and increased inflammatory response effects on the restenosis after coronary angioplasty.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2008

To identify the potential area of gas hydrate in the Ulleung Basin, 2-D and 3-D seismic surveys using R/V Tamhae II were conducted in 2005 and 2006. Seismic survey equipment consisted of navigation system, recording system, streamer cable and air-gun source. For reliable velocity analysis in a deep sea area where water depths are mostly greater than 1,000 m and the target depth is up to about 500 msec interval below the seafloor, 3-km-long streamer and 1,035 $in^3$ tuned air-gun array were used. During the survey, a suite of quality control operations including source signature analysis, 2-D brute stack, RMS noise analysis and FK analysis were performed. The source signature was calculated to verify its conformity to quality specification and the gun dropout test was carried out to examine signature changes due to a single air gun's failure. From the online quality analysis, we could conclude that the overall data quality was very good even though some seismic data were affected by swell noise, parity error, spike noise and current rip noise. Especially, by checking the result of data quality enhancement using FK filtering and missing trace restoration technique for the 3-D seismic data inevitably contaminated with current rip noises, the acquired data were accepted and the field survey could be conducted continuously. Even in survey areas where the acquired data would be unsuitable for quality specification, the marine seismic survey efficiency could be improved by showing the possibility of noise suppression through onboard data processing.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.373-378
• /
• 2011

The striped fruit fly, Bactrocera scutellata, damages pumpkin and other cucurbitaceous plants. The developmental period of each stage was measured at seven constant temperatures (15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and $33{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$). The developmental time of eggs ranged from 4.2 days at $15^{\circ}C$ to 0.9 days at $33^{\circ}C$. The developmental period of larvae was 4.2 days at $15^{\circ}C$, and slowed in temperatures above $27^{\circ}C$. The developmental period of pupa was 21.5 days at $15^{\circ}C$ and 7.6 days at $33^{\circ}C$. The mortality of eggs was 17.1% at $15^{\circ}C$ and 22.9% at $33^{\circ}C$, Larval mortalities (1st, 2nd, 3rd) were 24.1, 27.3 and 18.2%, respectively, at $15^{\circ}C$, Pupal mortalities were 18.2% at $15^{\circ}C$ and 23.1% at $33^{\circ}C$. The relationship between developmental rate and temperature fit both a linear model and a nonlinear model. The lower threshold temperatures of eggs, larvae, and pupae were 12.5, 10.7, and $6.3^{\circ}C$, respectively, and threshold temperature of the total immature period was $8.5^{\circ}C$. The thermal constants required to complete the egg, larval, and pupal stages were 33.2, 118.3, and 181.2 DD, respectively. The distribution of each development stages was described by a 3-parameter Weibull function.