• 한국포장학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2001

In order to optimize designing process of corrugated fiberboard boxes for agricultural products, first of all, compression strength of each liner were experimentally evaluated on the various conditions of relative humidity and analyzed by liner regression analysis. At the 66 percents of relative humidity, IK(imported kraft liner) liner board lost little of its compression strength compared to others. At the relative humidity 93 percents, KA liner board lost its compression strength only 40 percents while SK liner board lost up to 56 percents. From the result of prediction modeling of ring crush strength in various humidity conditions, R square values were ranged from 0.59 to 0.97. At 56 percents of RH or below, R square values were relatively low, but at 66 percents of RH or higher, the values were 0.85 or higher. The significance values were lower than 0.001 at every RH condition. Level of significance of experimented values was about 80 percents of predicted values and R square values were between 0.89 to 0.95.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.61-80
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• 1978

This paper presents general solutions for stochastic square duels with continuous interfiring times and various firing strategies such as standby (S), concentrated (C), seperated (I) and random (R) firings. Analysis of these square duels with negative exponential interfiring times and equivalent values of rates of fire and single shot kill probabilities reveal three important facts: i) Strategy (C) is advantageous against the opponent's strategy (S) and the advantage becomes more pronounced for lower values of single shot kill probabilities. ii) Strategy (I) is always better than strategy (C) no matter which of (C) and (I) the opponent uses and its relative advantege increases to a quarter as single shot kill probabilities increase to one but decreases to zero as they go to zero. iii) However, strategy (I) has no advantage over strategy (C) for small values of single shot kill probabilities. In this paper, square duels with strategies (C) and (I) are based on the assumptions that duelists are homogeneous and both duelists of one side fire simultaneously. The problem of relaxing these assumptions and extension of square ($2 \times 2$) duels to more general ($m \times n) duels are now being investigated.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.862-870
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• 2013

This study examines the effect of communication type of food service employees on the self-efficiency and organizational commitment. To accomplish the purpose of the study, a survey was conducted to employees of food service companies located in Seoul, from August 5, 2013 to August 25, 2013 as a method of empirical study. The results of this study was analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 and statistical reliability analysis, factor analysis, frequency analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted for hypothesis verification. The analysis results of this study are as follows. First, the R-square of regression result for 'communication type will have a positive effect on self-efficiency' was .220. Also, it was found that factors of consideration (Beta=.286, t=5.622), instruction (Beta=.303, t=5.970) and business (Beta=.214, t=4.217) had positive effects on self-efficiency. Values for factors of consideration and instruction were higher than business. Second, the R-square of regression result for 'communication type will have a positive effect on organizational commitment' was .429. Also, it was found that factors of consideration (Beta=.453, t=10.428), instruction (Beta=.380, t=8.749) and business (Beta=.282, t=6.477) had positive effects on organizational commitment. Values for factors of instruction and business were high but value of consideration factor turned out the highest. Third, the R-square of regression result for 'self-efficiency will have a positive effect on organizational commitment' was .334. Also, it was found that out of the factors of positivity (Beta=.369, t=8.423), confidence (Beta=.415, t=8.833) and negativity (Beta=-.072, t=-1.536), positivity and confidence had positive effects on organization commitment, and only positivity and confidence showed high values in organization commitment. Upon analyzing the effect of factors of self-efficiency (positivity, confidence, negativity) on organizational commitment, it was found that positivity and confidence showed high relevance but the negativity factor did not have any correlation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2012

Purpose: The color changes in red pepper during far infrared drying were studied in order to establish a color change model. Methods: The far infrared drying experiments of red pepper were conducted at two temperature levels of 60, $70^{\circ}C$ and two air velocity levels of 0.6 and 0.8 m/s. The results were compared with the hot-air drying method. The surface color changes parameters of red pepper were measured qualitatively based on L (lightness), a (redness), b (yellowness) and total color changes (${\Delta}E$). The goodness of fit of model was estimated using the coefficient of determination ($R^2$), the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean relative percent error (P) and the reduced chi-square (${\chi}^2$). Results: The results show that an increase in drying temperature and air velocity resulted in a decrease in drying time, the values of L (lightness) and a (redness) decreased with drying time during far infrared drying. The developed model showed higher $R^2$ values and lower RMSE, P and ${\chi}^2$ values. Conclusions: The model in this study could be beneficial to describe the color changes of red pepper by far infrared drying.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2008

ASM No. 2(Activated sludge model No. 2) is very useful model to analyze the wastewater treatment which removes nitrogen and phosphorus. But, it is difficult to apply ASM No. 2 to control of wastewater treatment since it has 17 material divisions and 46 parameters. So the purpose of this study was the simplification of ASM No. 2 and the provement of simplification model. Firstly ASM No. 2 was simplified with 5 material division and three phases(Anaerobic, aerobic, anoxic phases). The simplified model was proved by R-square using track study data. As a result of provement, the values of R-square in ${NH_4}^+$ were 0.9815 in ASM No. 2 and 0.9250 in simplified model and in ${NO_3}^-$ were 0.8679 in ASM No. 2 and 0.7914 in simplified model and in ${PO_4}^{3-}$ are 0.9745 in ASM No. 2 and 0.9187 in the simplified model when the ability to express the material variation was compared by R-square. So, the simplified model has enough ability to express the variation of ${NH_4}^+$, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${PO_4}^{3-}$.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.124-128
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• 2004

A Poly-Si and a ITO films with surface roughness 1.8 nm and 0.5 nm of root mean square ($R_{rms}$ vakue) values were developed, respectively. A 3 inch UXGA LTPS TFT-LCD with 667 ppi resolution and a 10 inch VGA LTPS OLED have been developed and demonstrated using PMOS technology.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2014

Adipic acid (hexane-1,6-dioic acid) is one of the most used chemical in industrial applications. This must be separated from any environmental contaminant. In this study, adipic acid separation from wastewater by adsorption method onto Perlite or Perlite + Mn or Perlite + Cu composites was investigated. Adsorption of Adipic acid was investigated in terms of equilibrium, and thermodynamic conditions. For thermodynamic investigations the experiments carried out at three different temperatures (298 K, 318 K, 328 K). In the equilibrium studies, 2 g of perlite and its composites were determined as the optimal adsorbent amount. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied to the experimental data. Freundlich isotherms for all temperatures used in this work gave some deviations with R square values under 0.98 where as Langmuir isotherm gave good results with R square values upper 0.99 at different temperatures. As a result of thermodynamic studies, adsorption enthalpy (${\Delta}H$), adsorption entropy (${\Delta}S$), and adsorption free energy (${\Delta}G$) have been calculated for each adsorbents.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2007

Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) was used to develop a rapid and efficient method to determine lignan glucosides in intact seeds of sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm accessions in Korea. A total of 93 samples(about 2 g of intact seeds) were scanned in the reflectance mode of a scanning monochromator, and the reference values for lignan glucosides contents were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Calibration equations for sesaminol triglucoside, sesaminol($1{\rightarrow}2$) diglucoside, sesamolinol diglucoside, sesaminol($1{\rightarrow}6$) diglucoside, and total amount of lignan glucosides were developed using modified partial least square regression with internal cross validation(n=63), which exhibited lower SECV(standard errors of cross-validation), higher $R^2$(coefficient of determination in calibration), and higher 1-VR(ratio of unexplained variance divided by variance) values. Prediction of an external validation set(n=30) showed a significant correlation between reference values and NIRS estimated values based on the SEP(standard error of prediction), $r^2$(coefficient of determination in prediction), and the ratio of standard deviation(SD) of reference data to SEP, as factors used to evaluate the accuracy of equations. The models for each glucoside content had relatively higher values of SD/SEP(C) and $r^2$(more than 2.0 and 0.80, respectively), thereby characterizing those equations as having good quantitative information, while those of sesaminol($1{\rightarrow}2$) diglucoside showing a minor quantity had the lowest SD/SEP(C) and $r^2$ values(1.7 and 0.74, respectively), indicating a poor correlation between reference values and NIRS estimated values. The results indicated that NIRS could be used to rapidly determine lignan glucosides content in sesame seeds in the breeding programs for high quality sesame varieties.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.437-439
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• 2005

Freshness of stored soybean curd as sensitivity ($R_{gas}/R_{air}$) was evaluated at 48-50 hr intervals using electronic nose at regular sequential square-wave temperatures between $4\;-\;10^{\circ}C$. Obtained kinetic data from apparent first principal component score $(PC1)_{app}$ and storage time were used for prediction of freshness. Percentage difference between predicted and actual values of stored soybean curd was less than 8.9% under fluctuating temperature condition.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2020

India is a developing nation and heavily spends on the development of wind power plants to meet the national energy demand. The objective of this paper is to investigate wind power potential of Ennore site using wind data collected over a period of two years by three parameter Weibull distribution. The Weibull parameters are estimated using maximum likelihood, least square method and moment method and the accuracy is determined using R² and root mean square error values. The site specific capacity factor is calculated by the mathematical model developed by three parameter Weibull distribution at different hub heights above the ground level. At last, the wind energy economic analysis is carried out using capacity factor at 30 m, 40 m and 50 m height for different wind turbine models. The analysis showed that the site has potential to install utility wind turbines to generate energy at the lowest cost per kilowatt-hour at height of 50 m. This research provides information of wind characteristics of potential sites and helps in selecting suitable wind turbine.