• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2022

Arrhythmia is a condition in which the heart beats abnormally or irregularly, early detection is very important because it can cause dangerous situations such as fainting or sudden cardiac death. However, performance degradation occurs due to personalized differences in ECG signals. In this paper, we propose arrhythmia classification using hybrid combination model of CNN-LSTM. For this purpose, the R wave is detected from noise removed signal and a single bit segment was extracted. It consisted of eight convolutional layers to extract the features of the arrhythmia in detail, used them as the input of the LSTM. The weights were learned through deep learning and the model was evaluated by the verification data. The performance was compared in terms of the accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score through MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The achieved scores indicate 92.3%, 90.98%, 92.20%, 90.72% in terms of the accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, respectively.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.856-866
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• 2015

A heterogeneous network (HetNet) is a network topology composed by deploying multiple HetNets under the coverage of macro cells (MCs). It can improve network throughput, extend cell coverage, and offload network traffic; for example, the network traffic of a 5G mobile communications network. A HetNet involves a mix of radio technologies and various cell types working together seamlessly. In a HetNet, coordination between MCs and small cells (SCs) has a positive impact on the performance of the networks contained within, and consequently on the overall user experience. Therefore, to improve user-perceived service quality, HetNets require high-efficiency network protocols and enhanced radio technologies. In this paper, we introduce a 5G HetNet comprised of MCs and both fixed and mobile SCs (mSCs). The featured mSCs can be mounted on a car, bus, or train and have different characteristics to fixed SCs (fSCs). In this paper, we address the technical challenges related to mSCs. In addition, we analyze the network performance under two HetNet scenarios-MCs and fSCs, and MCs and mSCs.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.860-866
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• 2019

The lead element or its salts are good radiation shielding materials. However, their toxic effects are high. Due to less toxicity of bismuth salts, the radiation shielding properties of the bismuth salts have been investigated and compared to that of lead salts to establish them as a better alternative to radiation shielding material to the lead element or its salts. The transmission geometry was utilized to measure the mass attenuation coefficient (${\mu}/{\rho}$) of different salts containing lead and bismuth using a high-resolution HPGe detector and different energies (between 81 and 1333 keV) emitted from point sources of $^{133}Ba$, $^{57}Co$, $^{22}Na$, $^{54}Mn$, $^{137}Cs$, and $^{60}Co$. The experimental ${\mu}/{\rho}$ results are compared with the theoretical values obtained through WinXCOM program. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with their experimental ones. The radiation protection efficiencies, mean free paths, effective atomic numbers and electron densities for the present compounds were determined. The bismuth fluoride ($BiF_3$) is found to have maximum radiation protection efficiency among the selected salts. The results showed that present salts are more effective for reducing the intensity of gamma photons at low energy region.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.98
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• pp.690-696
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• 2005

It is very important to reduce the PAPR(Peak to Average Power Ratio) in the OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) communication system. The proposed method in this paper is an effective PAPR reduction method using the Golay complementary codes without my side information. There are some PAPR reduction methods with the complementary code pairs or sequences. They are usually a type of the forward ewer correction codes so that they produce more redundancies and lower down the code rate. Because of this, the information rate may be cut down or more bandwidth must be required. In this paper, we propose a PAPR reduction method that uses the multi-phase complementary code f3r converting the 4-QAM into 16-QAM constellation. It does not change the code rate and does not require the side information.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.356-365
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the degree and correlation among clinical nurses' interpersonal problems, emotional labor and professional self-concept and to examine the effects of interpersonal problems and emotional labor on professional self-concept. Data were collected through a self reported structured questionnaire of 150 clinical nurses using convenient sampling methods from August 2, 2016 to August 30, 2016. The mean score of interpersonal problems was 2.57 and the score of moving toward people was the highest. The mean score of emotional labor was 3.50 and the score of emotional expression frequency was highest. The mean score of professional self-concept was 2.54 and the score of communication was highest. Interpersonal problems were positively correlated with emotional labor(r=0.392, p<0.001), while professional self-concept was negatively correlated with interpersonal problems(r=-0.452, p<0.001) and emotional labor(r=-0.376, p<0.001). Stepwise regression showed that interpersonal problems had the greatest effect on professional self-concept(${\beta}=-0.377$, p<0.001), followed by $Age(yr){\geq}40$, Age(yr)>$30{\leq}40$, education level and emotional labor. These variables together explained 44% of the professional self-concept among clinical nurses(F=24.38, p<0.001). In conclusion, strategies for reducing interpersonal problems and emotional labor should be developed to improve professional self-concept of clinical nurses.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.232-241
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• 2021

This study was conducted to prepare a countermeasure for turnover due to the effect of education satisfaction at franchise stores on turnover factors through the medium of education requirements. In the method of collecting data, 237 copies of the questionnaire method were used as the final data. The results are first, the analysis of educational requirements in general characteristics shows that academic background (F=5.655, p<).01), Analysis of the factors for turnover shows that position (t=-2.809, p<).Significant differences were shown in 01. Second, educational satisfaction is the educational requirement (r=-.16, p<).The correlation between 05) and turnover factors (r=-.18) is significant, and the educational requirement is turnover factors (r=.53, p<).It is shown to be a significant static correlation with 01. Third, designers (B=.25), t=2.332, p<.05) and educational requirements (B=.88, t=9.313, p<).001) has been shown to have significant static effects. Fourth, the educational requirements for educational satisfaction and turnover factors are significant (β=.52, p<).We can see that it is fully mediated by 001.Therefore, it is believed that it will be possible to investigate quarterly satisfaction and demand after communication and training with workers at direct stores, and reduce turnover through various curriculum education.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.98
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• pp.697-708
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• 2005

The forward link of the 3G CDMA system may become limited under the increasing of the number of users. The conventional channelization code, Walsh code, has not enough sizes f3r much possible users, therefore, the quasi orthogonal function(QOF), which process optimal crosscorrelation with Walsh code, is considered. In this paper, we investigate quasi orthogonal function on Jacket matrices, which can lead lower correlations values and better performance in 3G CDMA system. Moreover, to simplify the detector and improve the BER performance, a novel detection for QOF CDMA system is proposed. Finally, the simple recursive generation of the bent sequences for QOF mask function is discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.1 s.139
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• pp.13-22
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to understand the feature and phenomena of women's costume in Choson dynasty by the approach of semiotics. In order to do so, F Saussure's linguistic symbol theory, C. Peirce's conception on semiology theory and cultural semiology of R. Barthes ware used as tool to analyse traditional women's costumes in $Chos\v{o}n$ dynasty. And I choose basic conceptions based on their semiotic theory. which were langue & parole. dennotation & connotation, paradigm & syntagm, code, and analysed. structure of sign, communication though the non-language. The fashion of the $Chos\v{o}n$ dynasty contains various meaning as sign symbol system and makes the communication possible as it is mentioned above. We nay understand the sign symbol system described in the fashion sign by analysing the structure and meaning operation of sign on the basis of social, political, and idealistic background of the times, to understand the polysemy quality of the fashion.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1531-1534
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• 2002

Shape description and its corresponding matching algorithm is one of the main concerns in MPEG-7. In this paper, a new method is proposed for shape registration of 2D objects for MPEG-7 Shapes are recognized using the Hu statistical moments in frequency domain. The Hu moments are moment-based descriptors of planar shapes, which are invariant under general translation, rotational, scaling, and reflection transformation. The image is transformed into frequency domain using Fourier Transform. Annular and radial wedge distributions fur the power spectra are extracted. Different statistical features (Hu moments) are found f3r the power spectrum of each selected transformed individual feature. The Euclidean distance of the extracted moment descriptors of the features are found with respect to the shapes in the database. The minimum Euclidean distance is the candidate for the matched shape. The simulation results are performed on the test shapes of MPEG-7.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.13-33
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• 1982

The NAVSTAR/GPS is a satellite-based navigation system that will provide extremely accurate three-dimensional position and velocity information to users anywhere on or near the earth. This system has been studied primarly for military use and thus the results of studies are seldom obtainable for civilian use up to date. Expecting this system to be opened to civilian use in the future, this paper aims to the collection of basic data of the PN phase modulated communication system adopted in the GPS system by computer simulation. The results of studies are as follows; 1) The PN phase modulation of the speed of 106b/s can be simulated by Fourier summation, the spectrum region which can be restricted is in the region of 0.5-1.5 MHz and spectrum number required is over than 270. 2) By computer simulation, it is verified that optimum r.f filter bandwidth is about 0.3 MHz for the case of $10^6$b/s PN codes phase modulated in 1.575GHz carrier. 3) In case that PN rate to data rate is between 10 and 100, the allowable minimum SNR to demodulate data signal correctly by optimum LPF is about 0.3. It is also verified that the larger the frequency ratio of PN code to the data code, the lower the allowable minimum SNR required.