• Journal of the Korean Academic Society of Industrial Cluster
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-66
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• 2007

The progress of digital revolution leads to technology and industry infusion which make new products and new commodity markets in the existing industries. Under the circumstance of new innovation patterns in industries and globalization of the world, innovation firms adapt different evolution processes for different business situations. Technological innovation enhances the competitiveness of fins in the business world. This paper shows the researches on technological innovation which make constant economy growth in the knowledge based economy. And this paper also suggests the policy on technological innovation for the future growth of society. Main focus of this paper are as follows. First, the theoretical survey on technological innovation is reviewed. Second, the program and the supporting system for technological innovation in the USA and Europe are investigated. Third, the situation and problems of Korea is analysed. Fourth, strategy and suggestions on the development of technological innovation in the 21st century knowledge based economy is suggested through the window of cluster and regional economy development.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.10 no.4 s.33
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• pp.23-28
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• 2006

This paper presents the strength safety and the weight reduction analysis of nine gas valve models for a LPG cylinder using a finite element analysis program, MARC and Taguchi's experimental method. The maximum Von Mises stress of a gas valve body represents a safety of a brass valve structure for the given gas pressure of $91kg/cm^2$, which considered a safety factor of a LPG gas cylinder. The weight reduction analysis is very important for reducing a gas flow friction loss and a manufacturing cost as a design parameter. The calculated results present an design model 9 as an optimized design data with 10mm radius of a lower part gas flow pipe A, 6mm radius of an upper part gas flow pipe B and a connecting length 2 mm of tapered pipe D between lower and upper pipes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.936-942
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to characterize genetic architecture of behavior patterns in Sapsaree dogs. The breed population (n=8,256) has been constructed since 1990 over 12 generations and managed at the Sapsaree Breeding Research Institute, Gyeongsan, Korea. Seven behavioral traits were investigated for 882 individuals. The traits were classified as a quantitative or a categorical group, and heritabilities ($h^2$) and variance components were estimated under the Animal model using ASREML 2.0 software program. In general, the $h^2$ estimates of the traits ranged between 0.00 and 0.16. Strong genetic ($r_G$) and phenotypic ($r_P$) correlations were observed between nerve stability, affability and adaptability, i.e. 0.9 to 0.94 and 0.46 to 0.68, respectively. To detect significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for the behavioral traits, a total of 134 and 60 samples were genotyped using the Illumina 22K CanineSNP20 and 170K CanineHD bead chips, respectively. Two datasets comprising 60 (Sap60) and 183 (Sap183) samples were analyzed, respectively, of which the latter was based on the SNPs that were embedded on both the 22K and 170K chips. To perform genome-wide association analysis, each SNP was considered with the residuals of each phenotype that were adjusted for sex and year of birth as fixed effects. A least squares based single marker regression analysis was followed by a stepwise regression procedure for the significant SNPs (p<0.01), to determine a best set of SNPs for each trait. A total of 41 SNPs were detected with the Sap183 samples for the behavior traits. The significant SNPs need to be verified using other samples, so as to be utilized to improve behavior traits via marker-assisted selection in the Sapsaree population.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.69-82
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• 1984

The general fearfulness of hospitalized school-age children and the emotional anxiety of their mothers were investigated and compared to those of normal children and their mothers, in order to provide theoretical basis for establishing comprehensive nursing care of hospitalized children including their mothers. The present study was carried out from Sept. 5th to Oct. 3rd, 1983. A total of 81 hospital I zed children and their mothers were investigated and 95 normal elementary school children and their mothers as control group were surveyed The general fearfulness of children and the emotional anniety of their mothers were measured through questionaire by using Geer's FSS-Ⅱscale and Spielberger's STAI scale, respectively. The results were analyzed by computer using S.P.S.S. program and summarized as follows: 1. The emotional anxiety of the mothers of hospitalized children was greater than that of normal children's mothers. (P=0.000). 2. The general fearfulness of hospitalized children was greater than that of normal children (p=0.000) 3. The general fearfulness of hospitalized children varied with children's age and sex, mother's age and mother's experience of hospitalization. a) The general fearfulness of the hospitalized children at the age of 7∼9 was greater than that of the age 10∼12. (P=0.020) b) Girl's scored greater fearfulness than boys. (p=0.037) c) The younger mother's age resulted in the higher children fearfulness. (P= 0.0059). d) When the mothers did not have experience of hospitalization, the children's fearfulness was high. (P=0.014) 4. The anxiety-state of hospitalized children's mother was proportionally reacted to their anxiety-trait. (r=0.694, p=0.000) 5. The relationship between mother's emotional anxiety and their hospitalized children's general fearfulness failed to show statistical significance. (r= 0.1184, P＞0.05). These results indicated that the general fearfulness of hospitalized children was affected by environmental factors beside mother's emotional anxiety. An extensive study on the factors influencing the general fearfulness of hospitalized children is needed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the correlation between stress and smartphone addiction in some university students. Methods: The subjects were 220 health major students in D area. The study was conducted for 2 weeks, in June, 2016. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, awareness toward stress, stress-coping pattern, and smartphone addiction. Data was analyzed through SPSS 18.0 program. Results: In the analysis of stress levels according to general characteristics, female group showed higher experience compared to male group (high group 46.10, subgroup 44.38) (p<0.05). Male group and higher stress group showed higher experience in problem solving, social support, and emotional stress coping (p>0.05). Stress and stress coping (r=0.322), stress and smartphone addiction (r=0.299) showed positive correlation. The significant factors of smartphone addiction were average daily using time (${\beta}=0.477$, p<0.001), study stress (${\beta}=0.177$, p<0.05), social stress (${\beta}=0.323$, p<0.01), problem solving (${\beta}=-0.320$, p<0.001), social support (${\beta}=0.064$, p<0.05), and emotional stress coping (${\beta}=0.264$, p<0.001). These factors explained 30.8% of the variance in smartphone addiction. Conclusions: The results from this study indicated that stress had a negative impact on smartphone addictions in subjects. It is necessary to provide smartphone addiction management for stress management.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2012

Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) is the most important marker for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in NCEP-ATP III(National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III) guideline. Therefore, LDL cholesterol is pathologically meaningful, accurate measurement should be a top priority. Currently, LDLC is directly measured in most cases, but, the estimate is still used in mass health examination or screening test. This study is about the comparison of LDL-Cholesterol direct measurement with the estimate using various formula (Friedewald: [LDL-F=TC-HDL-TG/5], Nakajima: [LDL-N=TC-HDL-TG/4], Hattori: [LDL-H =0.94TC-0.94HDL-0.19TG], Puavilai: [LDL-P=TC-HDL-TG/6], Carvalho: [LDL-C=3(TC-HDL)/4]) for calculating more accurate value. We analyzed total cholesterol (TC), try-glyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and LDLC levels of 210 subjects between June and November in 2011. Until now, the Friedewald formula is the most commonly used estimate for the LDLC. When Friedewald formula was applied, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.940, showing high correlation. But, the result of the direct method was significantly different, compared with those of the Friedewald formula in triglyceride levels ${\geq}400mg/dL$(p<0.05). There was the highest correlation when we used LDL-P formula(r=0.947) in triglyceride levels <400 mg/dl. Also there was the lowest mean difference regardless of triglyceride level. Therefore, the study showed that TG/6 is more precise means of calculation than TG/5. On the other hand, the calculation of LDL-Cholesterol was underestimated, compared with direct measurement. It is necessary to have more data and modified Friedewald formula should be used for the accurate calculation.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 2017

The continuous increase of emission rates of green house gases and the effects on global warming added a new dimension to the problem of substituting the petroleum and its derivatives by environment friendly and sustainable energy sources for the world. Solar and wind energy appear at the top of the list of renewable of high potential, widely available, of dominated technology and well accepted. Brazil is one of the few countries in the world that receives number hours of sunshine exceeding 3,000 hours per year with a daily average of 4.5 to 6 kWh. However, this potential is largely unexplored and poorly tapped. The number of renewable systems implanted in Brazil has grown in recent years, but still insignificant when compared, for example, with Germany and Spain among others. This paper presents the results of an optical study on small concentration solar collector with evacuated tube enveloping the absorber and internal reflective surface fixed on the bottom part of the evacuated tube. The designed collector has a 2D geometrical concentration ratio between 2.455 and 4.91. The orientation of the solar collector, the ratio of the radius of the receiver to the radius of the absorber, the incidence angle for each period of the year, the collector inclination angle, the aperture angle of the reflective surface, concentration and optical efficiency were determined. The ray traces and flux distribution on the absorber of the evacuated tube solar collector were determined by using the program Ray Optics Simulation. The optical efficiency varies during the year according to the solar declination. For the periods were the solar declination is close to zero the efficiencies are maximum, and the variation during the day is around 25.88% and 99.9%. For the periods were the solar declination is maximum the efficiencies are minimum, and the variation during the day is around 23.78% and 91.79%.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.1444-1450
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• 2019

The fast-neutron shielding behaviour (FNSB) of two clay-materials (Ball clay and Kaolin)of Southwestern Nigeria ($7.49^{\circ}N$, $4.55^{\circ}E$) have been investigated using effective removal cross section, ${\Sigma}_R(cm^{-1})$, mass removal cross section, ${\Sigma}_{R/{\rho}}(cm^2g^{-1})$ and Mean free path, ${\lambda}$ (cm). These parameters decide neutron shielding behaviour of any material. A computer program - WinNC-Toolkit has been used for computation of these parameters. The toolkit evaluates these parameters by using elemental compositions and densities of samples. The proficiency of WinNC-Toolkit code was probe by using MCNPX and GEANT4 to model fast neutron transmission of the samples under narrow beam geometry, intending to represent the actual experimental setup. Direct calculation of effective removal cross section ($cm^{-1}$) of the samples was also carried out. The results from each of the methods for each types of the studied clay-materials (Ball clay and Kaolin) shows similar trend. The trend might be the fingerprint of water content retained in each of the samples being baked at different temperature. The compositions of each sample have been obtained by Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique (Tandem Pelletron Accelerator: 1.7 MV, Model 5SDH). The FNSB of the selected clay-materials have been compared with standard concrete. The cognizance of various factors such as availability, thermo-chemical stability and water retaining ability by the clay-samples can be analyzed for efficacy of the material for their FNSB.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2019

The present study was performed to identify the nematodes recovered from the Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius brandtii, from Daejeon Metropolitan City, the Republic of Korea. Total five nematode worms were detected in the body cavities of two out of the twenty birds necropsied, and they were identified using morphological features, light and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and molecular (18S rRNA analysis) methods. The nematodes were all female Diplotriaena manipoli and had numerous eggs at different developmental stages in the uterus. The nematodes were long and slender measuring about 123-145 mm. The eight submedian cephalic papillae were arranged into four large, outer papillae and four small, inner-circle papillae. A pair of amphidal pores were located at the lateral portion of the mouth. The manubrium apex of trident was rounded and three branches of trident were bluntly rounded at the posterior ends. Using 18S rRNA partial sequence arrangements, DNA analysis of nematode worms was also carried out, and they were identified to be close to the Serratospiculum tendo based on a phylogenic tree analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular characterization and SEM study of D. manipoli.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1790-1797
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the nursing practice environment, moral distress, and the factors that influence person-centered care and the experience of person-centered care among nurses working in a long-term care hospitals. 154 nurses who was working in long-term care hospitals in D city and G province were evaluated. Date were collected from May 1st to 31th, 2020 and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. The mean score of nursing practice environment was 2.42, the moral distress was 3.27, and person-centered care was 3.60. Person-centered care showed significantly positive correlations with moral distress(r=.53, p<.001) and showed significantly positive correlations with nursing practice environment(r=.32, p<.001). Regression analysis revealed that the factors which significantly influenced person-centered care were nursing practice environment and moral distress. Therefore, in order to increase person-centered care, nursing intervention programs that improve the nursing practice environment and reduce moral disgtress are required for nurses working in long-term care hospitals.