• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2011

Objective : In "Suwen" annotated by Wangbing at Tang dynasty of China, there are many books that he quoted. "Zhenjing" is one of them. "Zhenjing" has been known as another name of "Lingshu". However, in Wangbing's annotations, "Zhenjing" and "Lingshu" are shown as quotation books. Method : "Zhenjing" and "Lingshu" are compared. Result : 2 quotations of "Zhenjing" out of 32 quotations are from "Suwen" instead of "Lingshu", 3 quotations are not related with "Lingshu", 3 quotations are similar with "Lingshu" and rest of them could be from "Lingshu". Conclusion : It is supposed that several types of "Lingshu" could be existed when Wangbing wrote annotated "Suwen".

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.99-111
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• 2011

Objective : Wangbing annotated "Suwen" through the method of book-quotation. "Lingshu" is the one in quotation. It is objective that "Lingshu" quotated by Wangbing and existing "Lingshu" are identical. Method : "Lingshu" quotated by Wangbing and existing "Lingshu" are compared. Result : 5 quotations out of 94 quotations of "Lingshu" are not in existing "Lingshu", 11 quotations are different and 5 quotations are from "Suwen". Conclusion : It is supposed that several types of "Lingshu" could be existed when Wangbing wrote annotated "Suwen".

• Language Facts and Perspectives
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• v.44
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• pp.31-70
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the formal features and discourse functions f quotations in Korean lectures. In this study, quotations with quotation marks and quotations made from shell nouns, as well as quotations with quotation marks '고, 라고' and quotations made from quotation verbs, were included in the category of quotes. For my research, I examined the form of quotes and the discourse functions of 1536 quotes in the lecture discourse of 66,693 words. As a result, indirect quotations were used much more than direct quotes in Korean lectures (80 % : 20 %). Because a lecture is a informational discourse, it is more important to simplify the information and deliver it efficiently based on the content rather than directly quoting it for the purpose of empathy or vividness of events. On the other hand, however, the speakers(lectures) wanted to guarantee the objectivity and originality of the information delivered. For this purpose, the speakers(lectures) used the form of a semi-directional quotation, which is to maintain the original intonation, modality or to use the direct quotation marker '라고' as the direct quotes. In lectures, the speakers use a variety of discourse strategies to effectively manage the hearer's information acceptance, and many quotes were used for this purpose. Quotes were most often used to develop statements efficiently(22.6%). And many quotes were used to ease the burden of hearers accepting new informations and terms(12.8%). In addition, quotes were used to enhance the original informations(17.8%), and the speaker used them as a hedge to express his thoughts or opinions in a roundabout way(11.4%). Finally, quotes were also used to present examples(9.2%) or to indicate verbal forms in supporting materials such as handouts or textbooks(3.1%). These discourse functions reflects the special nature of the lecture discourse.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.135-139
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• 2010

Quotations in "Dongeuibogam" are originated from books of Oriental Medicine. Those are exactly same with original books. However, some quotations are not in same comparing to original books. Authors are in concerns that the original sentences which are quoted in "Dongeuibogam" are how different and how similar or same, with comparing methods between them. As a result, we could find out original sentences in original books and we could make comparison between those and quotations of chapter of bone in "Wehyungpyun", "Dongeuibogam". Also we could get explanations of qoutations' accuracies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Precious Mirror of Korean Medicine constitutes the basis of Korean orthodox medicine. In Korea it is regarded as the most influential medical work in existence and therefore been accorded first place among the medical works. Many books and reference works referred to Six Viscera and Five Bowels were quoted in Precious Mirror of Korean Medicine This dissertation is to study quoted passages and reference books related to Six Bowels and Five Viscera in Precious Mirror of Korean Medicine Based upon the medical works--Introduction to Medicine, Elementary Questions and Spiritual Pivot of Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, Difficult Classic, Compendium of Medicine and etc.-- all but few references the quotations are clearly traced to their origin. It is hoped that this preliminary study will serve as a starting point for further work on the text, with more specific attention to the method of quotations and its many linguistic problems.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

Purpose : As the intensive care unit (ICU) survival rate increases, interest in the lives of ICU survivors has also been increasing. The purpose of this study was to identify the sentiment of ICU survivors. Method : The author analyzed the quotations from previous qualitative studies related to ICU survivors; a total of 1,074 sentences comprising 429 quotations from 25 relevant studies were analyzed. A word cloud created in the R program was utilized to identify the most frequent adjectives used, and sentiment and emotional scores were calculated using the Artificial Intelligence (AI) program. Results : The 10 adjectives that appeared the most in the quotations were 'difficult', 'different', 'normal', 'able', 'hard', 'bad', 'ill', 'better', 'weak', and 'afraid', in order of decreasing occurrence. The mean sentiment score was negative ($-.31{\pm}.23$), and the three emotions with the highest score were 'sadness'($.52{\pm}.13$), 'joy'($.35{\pm}.22$), and 'fear'($.30{\pm}.25$). Conclusion : The natural language processing of AI used in this study is a relatively new method. As such, it is necessary to refine the methodology through repeated research in various nursing fields. In addition, further studies on nursing interventions that improve the coherency of ICU memory of survivors and familial support for the ICU survivors are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.63-112
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• 2003

Although the HawngJeNeKyung(黃帝內經) was regarded as the the extremly aged book in oriental medicine history, We can find out many quotations in the HawngJeNeKyung. Some of this quotations are applicable to the age of the Warring States(戰國), but the other quotations are correspond to its after the period of HouHan(後漢). The books included before the QianHan(前漢) are 12 kinds of books, such as KyuTak(揆度), KiHang(奇恒), SangKyung(上經), HaKyung(下經), etc. The books included after the HouHan(後漢) are 5 kinds of books, such as CheonWonOkChek(天元玉冊), DaeYo(大要), HyunJuMilEo(玄珠密語), etc. Founded on these various books, the theories of oriental medicine was accomplished in the HawngJeNeKyung.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.7-56
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• 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the original texts with quotations in 16 Kinds of Cough Part in Haesu Chapter of Dong-Yi-Bo-Gam and to find out the ideas of Huh Jun(許浚, 1546-1615; the author of Dong-Yi-Bo-Gam) in there. Methods: I compared the original texts with quotations in 16 Kinds of Cough Part in Haesu Chapter of Dong-Yi-Bo-Gam. Results: 1. There is only one quoted sentence which perfectly matches with original text in 16 Kinds of Cough Part in Haesu Chapter of Dong-Yi-Bo-Gam. The other sentences are all modified while they are quoted by Huh Jun, at least one word. 2. The arrangement order of 'medical effect', 'consisting medicines and their dosages' and 'doctrine in application' were rearranged following the form of Dong-Yi-Bo-Gam when being quoted. 3. In cases of reciting the text, Huh Jun tries to clarify the original source of the context. However, instead of using original quotations he recited rephrased quotes from other sources. 4. Huh Jun cites from not only cough parts of other texts but also asthma(喘症) or heat(積熱) parts. 5. Titles of original text books are recorded in the end of all sentences of Dong-Yi-Bo-Gam, but there are a few wrong titles recorded. Conclusion: In consideration of the above-mentioned, the Dong-Yi-Bo-Gam is not the mere collection of various Oriental Medical books, but the Classic of Oriental Medicine to hold Huh Jun's own opinion.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.45-52
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• 2012

"Ohju Yeonmun Jangjeon Sango" written by Lee, Gyu-gyeng is one of the most important encyclopedias in the period of Chosun-Dynasty. There are two chapters related to architecture in this book, one is "ancestral rite governance·human"chapter, and the other is "architecture·human" chapter. Both of them are hard to understand because they are written in ancient Chinese and consist of various quotations in ambiguous way. This paper as a partial study is deal with the former. It makes difference between writter's original texts and quotations through textual research, and translates to modern Korean, and analyze information about ancient architecture in texts. The texts can divide to three sections. The first introduces three Chinese architectural theory books as "Gogonggi(考工記)", "Yeongjo Beopsik(營造法式)" and "Mokgyeng(木經)", and mentions about the prototype of the royal ancestral ritual building in "Gogonggi Toju(考工記圖注)". The second quotes "Seoyeong(書影)" to introduce "Yeongjo Beopsik". The third quotes "PaePyeon(稗編)" to introduce "Yeongjo Beopsik" and "Mokgyeng", and mentions about the counting unit of columns of the royal ancestral ritual building. Although the purpose for these quotations is not directly mentioned, but we can find it is intended to explain the architectural prototype and lay-out of the royal ancestral ritual building.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.16-72
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• 2011

Precious Mirror of Korean Medicine constitutes the basis of Korean orthodox medicine. In Korea it is regarded as the most influential medical work in existence and therefore been accorded first place among the medical works. Many books and reference works referred to Six Viscera and Five Bowels were quoted in Precious Mirror of Korean Medicine. This dissertation is to study quoted passages and reference books related to Six Bowels and Five Viscera in Precious Mirror of Korean Medicine. Based upon the medical works-Introduction to Medicine, Elementary Questions and Spiritual Pivot of Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, Difficult Classic, Compendium of Medicine, A-B Classic of acupuncture and Moxibustion Pulse Classic, Synopsis of Golden Chamber, Key to Therapeutics of Children's Diseases, A Complete Work of Ancient and Modern Medicine, and etc.-- all but few references the quotations are clearly traced to their origin. It is hoped that this preliminary study will serve as a starting point for further work on the text, with more specific attention to the method of quotations and its many linguistic problems.