• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.291-300
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• 1998

The forest vegetation of Mt. Odae based on the interspecific relationship was classified into 4 groups : Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis and Patrinia saniculaefolia. Thirty-one species of Quercus mongolica group including Quercus mongolica and Acer mone, 12 species of Pinus densiflora group comprising Pinus densiflora and Spodiopogon sibiricus, 6 species of Quercus variabilis group and 4 species of Patrinia saniculaefolia were positively correlated. in the results of species ordination by principal component analysis, 7 clusters by the humidity and acidity of soil, 4 clusters by the humidity and light intensity and 7 clusters by the acidity and light intensity were formed. The plot ordination showed that the distribution of species based on the humidity, soil acidity and total organic matters was in the order of Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica groups, and based on the light intensity was in the order of Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica groups.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.462-468
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• 1998

신갈나무 군집과 환경 요인과의 관계를 구명하기 위하여 설악산 한계령 지역과 백담사 부근에서 25개의 조사구를 설치하여 식생조사를 실시하였으며, TWINSPAN과 CCA 방법을 사용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 신갈나무림은 신갈나무-피나무 군집, 신갈나무-젓나무 군집, 신갈나무-쪽동백나무 군집과 신갈나무-졸참나무 군집으로 구분할 수 있다. 주요 군집들과 환경요인들과의 관계로 보면 신갈나무-ㅠㅣ나무 군집은 해발고가 다른 군집보다 높고 전질소와 C.E.C.의 양료가 적은 곳에 분포하고 있으며, 신갈나무-젓나무 군집은 해발고가 다른 군집보다 높고, 전질소와 C.E.C.의 양료가 가장 많은 곳에 분포하고 있으며, 신갈나무-쪽동백나무 군집은 해발고가 중간이며, 전질소와 C.E.C.의 양료가 적은 곳에 분포하고 있다. 군집의 분포에 영향을 미치는 환경 요인들은 해발고, C.E.C., 전질소 등이다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2016

To compare seed components of plus trees, seed powder ground after seedcoat removal was analyzed for two oak species, i. e., Quercus monglica (white oak) and Quercus variabilis (red oak), which are typical oak trees in Korea but have different fruiting characteristics. Thus we aimed at analyzing and comparing many ingredients including minerals, sugars, etc. Two species were similar to each other in the content of water, crude ash, crude protein and carbohydrates, but crude lipid content in Q. variabilis was 2.5 times higher than that in Q. mongolica. Crude proteins of Clone 124 was 1.5 times higher than that of Clone 75 in Q. mongolica. Crude lipid content showed the highest value in Clone 0511 of Q. variabilis, and more phosphate and iron was found in Q. monglica than in Q. variabilis. Glucose showed 85.4% and 88.3% on average of the total monosacchrides in two species, and galactose and arabinose were also found. In the content of phosphate, iron, and crude lipid, differences were found between two species and among clones of two species.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2011

The composition of species for each community of Quercus by vegetation and soil survey, the community classification by TWINSPAN, the structural characteristics of communities were used and analyzed during the period of 2000~2004 for Quercus mongolica forest. And the resulting suggestions for a subsequent planting model for forest are as follows. The Quercus mongolica community had the highest importance value for Quercus mongolica followed sequentially by Acer pseudosieboldianum, Acer mono, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Fraxinus sieboldiana. As a result of suggesting a planting modeling for the Quercus mongolica communities in the areas with the warmth index of both $60.90{\sim}79.79^{\circ}C$ and $53.96{\sim}64.82^{\circ}C$, Quercus mongolica was absolutely dominant in case of the subtree layer for the accompaniment species of distribution in the planting modeling by tree layer in the two areas depending on the warmth index, while there were distinct differences shown in case of the lower tree layer. While Acer pseudosieboldianum, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Sorbus alnifolia, Acer mono, etc. were appeared in the subtree layer for the areas with the warmth index of $60.90{\sim}79.79^{\circ}C$. Cornus controversa, Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus sieboldiana, etc. were many appeared in the subtree layer for the areas with the warmth index of $53.96{\sim}64.82^{\circ}C$. And, when we made ecological Quercus mongolica community, subtree layer planting is different by warmth index.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.283-290
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• 1998

The vegetation pattern of Mt. Odae based on the soil humidity gradient showed 3 types: (1) the forest of Pinus densiflora under the mesic or xeric conditions of the low altitudinal area, (2) the forest of Acer including A. mono, A. pseudo-sieboldianum and Tilia amurensis under the submesic or subxeric conditions and (3) the forest of Quercus including Q. mongolica of the higher elevational area and Q. variabilis of the lower elevational area under the xeric condition. Water content, organic matter and total nitrogen of soil were relatively low in Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis communities while they were relatively high in Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Quercus mongolica communities. According to the result of cluster analysis based on similarity indices of the communities, the proposed successional sere in the forest vegetation of Mt. Odae was as follows. P. densiflora community $\longrightarrow$ P. densiflore + Q. mongolica community $\longrightarrow$ Q. mongolica + A. pseudo-sieboldianum community. P. densiflora community $\longrightarrow$ P. densiflora + Q. variabilis community $\longrightarrow$ Q. variabilis community $\longrightarrow$ Q. mongolica + Q. variabilis community $\longrightarrow$ Q. mongolica + A. pseudo-sieboldianum community.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권2호
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• pp.220-231
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• 2006

The study was conducted to investigate the differences in carbon storage of Quercus mongolica stands with respect to latitude and altitude in Korea. Study sites were located in Mt. Joongwang, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do (altitudes 1,300 m, 1,000 m, and 800 m), Mt. Taehwa, Gwangju-si, Gyeonggi-do (altitude 350 m), Mt. Wolak, lecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do (altitude 300 m), Mt. Baekwoon, Gwangyang-si, Jeollanam-do (altitude 800 m), and Mt. Halla, Jeju-do (altitude 1,000 m). Total carbon storage and annual carbon storage of Q. mongolica stands were 85-210 tonC/ha and 7.2-10.6 tonC/ha, respectively. Lower latitude (NE) stands of Q. mongolica showed more carbon storage and annual carbon storage than higher latitude stands. Carbon storage and annual carbon storage of Q. mongolica stands were increased in low altitude. Carbon storage of Q. mongolica stands was higher in the northern aspect than in the southern aspect. However, there were no significant differences in annual carbon storage between the aspects.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.299-305
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• 1995

신갈나무군집(群集)과 환경(環境) 요인(要因)과의 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 오대산(五臺山)과 점봉산(點鳳山) 지역(地域)에 81개(個)의 조사구(調査區)를 설치(設置)하여 식생(植生) 조사(調査) 실시(實施)하였으며, TWNSPAN과 CANOCL 방법(方法)을 사용(使用)하여 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 중요치(重要置)가 높은 종(種)은 신갈나무, 당단풍, 피나무, 까치박달나무, 고로쇠나무, 물푸레나무 등(等)의 순(順)이다. 신갈나무군집(群集)은 신갈나무전형군집(群集), 신갈나무 까치박달나무군집(群集), 신갈나무 - 분비나무군집(群集)으로 구분(區分)할 수 있다. 주요(主要) 군집(群集)들과 환경(環境) 요인(要因)들과의 관계(關係)로 보면 신갈나무전형군집(群集)은 해발고(海拔高)가 다른 군집(群集)보다 상대적으로 낮고, 전실소(全室素)가 비교적 적은 곳에 분포(分布)하고 있으며, 신갈나무 - 까치박달나무군집(群集)은 해발고(海拔高)가 다른 군집(群集)보다 상대적으로 낮고, Mg, Ca 등(等)의 양료(養料)가장 많은 곳에 분포(分布)하고 있으며, 신갈나무 - 분비나무군집(群集)은 해발고(海拔高)가 다론 군집(群集)보다 상대적으로 높고, Mg, Ca 등(等)의 양료(養料)가 비교적 적은 곳에 분포(分布)하고 있다. 군집(群集)의 분포(分布)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 환경(環境) 요인(要因)들은 해발고(海拔高) 전실소(全室素)이다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2007

Allometry, basal area equations, and volume equations were developed with various tree measurement variables for the major species, Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis, in Korean natural hardwood forests. For allometry models, the relationships between total height-DBH, crown width-DBH, height to the widest portion of the crown-total height, and height to base of crown-total height were investigated. Multiple regression methods were used to relate annual basal area growth to tree variables of initial size (DBH, total height, crown width) and relative size (relative diameter, relative height) as well as competition measures (competition index, crown class, exposed crown area, percent exposed crown area, live crown ratio). For tree volume equations, the combined-variable and Schumacher models were fitted with DBH, total height and crown width for both species.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2012

Biomass expansion factors, which convert timber volume (or dry weight) to biomass, are used for estimating the forest biomass and accounting for the carbon budget at a regional or national scale. We estimated the biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEF), biomass expansion factors (BEF), root to shoot ratio (R), and ecosystem biomass expansion factor (EBEF) for Quercus mongolica Fisch. and Quercus variabilis Bl. forests based on publications in Korea. The mean BCEF, BEF, and R for Q. mongolica was 1.0383 Mg/$m^3$ (N = 27; standard deviation [SD], 0.5515), 1.3572 (N = 27; SD, 0.1355), and 0.2017 (N = 32; SD, 0.0447), respectively. The mean BCEF, BEF, and R for Q. variabilis was 0.7164 Mg/$m^3$ (N = 17; SD, 0.3232), 1.2464 (N = 17; SD, 0.0823), and 0.1660 (N = 8; SD, 0.0632), respectively. The mean EBEF, as a simple method for estimating the ground vegetation biomass, was 1.0216 (N = 7; SD, 0.0232) for Q. mongolica forest ecosystems, and 1.0496 (N = 8; SD, 0.0725) for Q. variabilis forest ecosystems. The biomass expansion factor values in this study may be better estimates of forest biomass in Q. mongolica or Q. variabilis forests of Korea compared with the default values given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2000

The forest vegetation of Mt. seondal was classified into eight communities and one afforestation by the phytosocialogical method (Z-M method). In general, Quercus mongolica trees occupied most of the area, while afforestation forest was distributed on the lower slope, cultivated land, and at the vicinity of village. The vegetation on the top part of Mt. Seondal was comparatively well preserved, but that in the lower areas has been disturbed heavily by human activity and some had mixed forests composed of pine trees, oaks, ashes, and Rhododendron micrantum shrub. By cluster analysis method. nine groups were identified as follows : Quercus mongolica group, Q. mongolica - Pinus densiflora group, Q. mongolica - Rhododendron schlipen - bachii group, Q. mongolica - Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa group, P. densiflora group, Juglans mandshurica group, Fraxinus mandshurica group, Betula costata group and Larix leptolepis group. These groups showed differences in species composition, but Quercus mongolica, Q. mongolica - P. densiflora, Q. mongolica - R. schlippenbachii and Q. mongolica - S. chinensis for. pilosa groups among them showed very similar floristic composition to each other. In the relationship between polar ordination axes and environmental variables, altitude was the environmental factor determining variation in species composition along axis X and soil moisture was the environmental along axis Y. They were the main factors in determining forest vegetation. The result of cluster analysis and polar ordination for the forest vegetation were corresponded to those of phytosocialogical classification in classifying vegetation.