• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 1991

In this study, the balnce of the litter production and decompsition on the forest floors in the green belt nearby seoul, which had been established in 1972, and turnover cycles of minerral nutrients were inverstigated. litter production and decomposition in the forests of quercus accutissima, q, serrata, q. mongolica, salix koreensis and alnus hirsuta were reached at the equilibium stated from 1972 to 1988 but this balance in the pine forest of pinus densiflore and p. rigida was not. Under the forests in the blance of the litter production and decomposition, the maximum amounts of n, p, k, ca and na retured to soil annually were 4.9g/㎡ in the alnus hirsuta forest, 0.35g/㎡ in the salix koreensis forest, 2.70g/㎡ in the quercus accutissima forest, 8.85g/㎡ in the s. koreensis forest and 3.93g/㎡ in the s. koreensis forest, respectively, and the minimum were 2.8g/㎡ in the s. koreensis forest, 0.108g/㎡ in the q. mongolica forest, 0.06g/㎡ in the s. koreensis forest, 2.12g/㎡ q. mongolica forest and 0.15g/㎡ in the q.accutissima forest.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.107-119
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• 1993

This study was conducted to increase to increase the plant species diversity, which was based on the analysis of plant community structure and the survey of human's disturbance degree in Mt. Yongma and Mt. Acha urban nature park, Seoul. The plant community were divided into four groups by TWINSPAN and DCA. These groups were Pinus rigida-P. densiflora community, Quercus mongolica-Q.aliena-Q.accutissima community, Robinia pseudoacaia-Q.accutissima-Poplus${\times}$albaglandulosa community and R.pseudoacacia community. The successional trends of tree species seems to be from P.densiflora, P.rigida, Sorbus alniflora to Q.mongolica, Q.aliena and from P.${\times}$albaglandulosa, R.pseudoacacia, through Q.accutissima, to Q. mongolica, Q.aliena. The species diversity of plant community was high in natual plant community but was low in artificial planting community respectively. Number of species, number of species individuals, indices of species diversity was lowered and soil hardness was increased by the user's trampling, undercutting work and planting P.koraiensis after thinning. In the basis of study results, we proposed the management plan for the urban forest.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.135-151
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• 1982

In order to investigate the effectiveness of Osmose process for the practical treatment of wood this study has been made using water soluble preservatives such as Malenit and chromated zinc chloride. The results obtained in this investigation are as follows: 1. The penetration of Malenit in sapwood has been observed deeper than that of chromated zinc chloride for all species tested in this investigation. 2. The penetration of preservatives applied in soft wood, ie. Pinus densiflora and Larix leptolepis has been observed better results than that of hard wood, i.e., Quercus accutissima and Carpinus laxiflora. 3. The longer stack covering, despite of preservatives applied and size of wood tested, has given better penetration for all species tested, and the fastest diffusion has been occured in 15 days from they day started. Following after 15 days diffusion had gradualy become slower. 4. The length of time needed for effective penetration has taken 45 days for all species tested, reaching twenty millimeters (20mm) in depth in case of Malnit, that means also more than 50% of penetration into sapwood portion. However it has taken 45 days fer Pinus densiflora and Larix leptolepis, reaching fifteen millimeters (15mm) and 60 days for Quercus accutissima and Carpinus laxiflora, reaching same fifteen millimeters in case of chromated zinc chloride, that means also less than 50% (except 50% for Larix) of penetration into sapwood portion. 5. Deeper penetration of preservatives from the wood surface has been observed in the larger wood than the smaller wood for all species tested, although the penetration ratio between the width of sapwood and the length penetrated has been observed smaller in larger wood than smaller wood. 6. The relation between moisture content of wood and the penetration of preservatives into wood tested has shown the linear regression, that is, the more moisture content brought the deeper penetration. 7. Following the result obtained at this investigation osmose process with Malenit applied has indicated as a useable process for the none pressure treatment of wood.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.3-14
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• 1993

This study was carried out to identify the species of wooden coffins excavated from ancient kings' tombs of Nakrang and Pro-Three-Kingdoms to the beginning period of the Three Kingdoms, and the private tombs of the middle stage at the Yi dynasty. The species of wooden coffins were identified as three softwoods(Thxus cuspidata, Sciodopitys verticillata, Pinus densiflora) and six hardswoods(Quercus acutissima, Quercus serrata, Zelkova serrata, Platycarya strobilarea, Alnus japonica and Morns spp.). Thxus cuspidata, wooden coffins of Nakrang kings' tombs, is distributed through Korea. However in previous examination it was known as Cunninghania lanceolata, native species in south China. Sciodopitys verticillata used as a wooden coffin of King Muryung's tomb was native to Japan. It was a material evidence proving the cultural exchange between Paekche Kingdoms and Japan in those days. Pinus densiflora was the species of wooden coffins excavated from private tombs in Yi dynasty, which was not found out from Pro-Three-Kingdoms and Three-Kingdoms. Quercus accutissima was used for making a trough shape wooden coffins at Daho-ri ancient tombs and Quercus serrata was used a outer wooden coffin of Nakrang kings' tombs. An adamant iron mongery might be used to manufacturing a trough shape wooden coffin. This indicates that a developed iron-manufacturing technics existed in Korea at that time. Zelkova serrata was used for making wooden coffins of Imdang and Kaya ancient tombs, Chunma and Hwangnam king tombs. Platycarya strobizacea was used for making wooden coffin of Daegok-ri, Alnus japonica for Daho-ri coffins and Morus spp. for Imdang coffins.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2017

천마는 광합성 기능이 퇴화된 난과식물로 독립적인 생육이 불가능하다. 생장 단계에 따라 애주름버섯균(Mycena)과 뽕나무버섯균(Amillaria mellea)을 이용하여 유성증식법으로 생산한다. 본 연구에서는 신규 발아균주인 NIFOS101과 기존의 KFRI1212를 이용하여 천마종자의 발아효율과 원구경의 생장을 비교하였다. 두 균주를 낙엽미강배지에 접종한 후 천마 종자가 파종된 WA배지에 옮겨 배양하였다. 그 결과 NIFOS101과 KFRI1212를 이용한 발아율은 각각 94%와 70%이었으며, NIFOS101을 이용할 경우 KFRI1212에 비하여 원구경의 발달이 빠른 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 배양온도에 따른 균사의 생장력을 비교한 결과 NIFOS101이 KFRI1212 보다 균사의 생장이 빠른 것을 확인하였다. ITS 영역의 염기서열을 비교한 결과 애주름버섯속에서 NIFOS101은 붉은둘레애주름버섯과 유연관계가 높은 반면에 KFRI1212와는 유연관계가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 천마의 신규 발아균으로 NIFOS101을 동정하고 천마의 기내 발아율 증진과 원구경의 생장 증진을 확인함으로서 향후 천마의 생산성을 높이는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제10권1_2호
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• pp.36-40
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• 1967

1. The effect of the pH value on P32 absorption of leaves of three forest trees under the water culture is investigated. 2. The degree of the P32 absorption to the pH value is quite different in each forest tree. 3. The phosphorus contents are proved higher in the leaves of Quercus accutissima(the saw shaped oak) than in the leaves of Pinus densiflora(the red pine) and Lespedeza bicolar (bush clover). 4. Larger contents of phosphorus are found in acidity plots than in alkalinity. The leaves of treated plot of the pH 4 (red pine), of the pH 5.0 (bush clover), and of the pH 5.0-6.5 (saw shaped oak) have a higher nutrient capital as indicated by P32 compared with that of the other pH values. 5. It is also noticed that P32 absorption capacity is decreased with the higher pH values. 6. The content of P of leaves shows the lowest value in the plot of the pH 6.5 (pine), of the pH 7.5(bush clover), and of the pH 9.0(saw shaped oak). It is also noticed that the red pine is to do very well in acid cultivation and then follow bush clover and saw shaped oak in the order.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.3-8
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• 1977

수피(樹皮)는 원목체적(原木體積)의 약 10~20%를 차지하고 있으며 일반적(一般的)으로 운반(運搬), 제거(除去), 처리(處理)에 따른 비용에 비(比)해 효용가치(效用價値)는 적다. 뿐만아니라 세계적(世界的)으로 임산자원(林産資源)의 부족(不足)함에 따라 Full tree Utilization의 개념(槪念)이 점고(漸高)되면서 수피(樹皮)의 이용(利用)에 많은 관심(觀心)을 갖게 되었다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 국내(國內) 참나무속(屬) 수피(樹皮)의 해부학적(解剖學的) 성질(性質)과 그 구조(構造)를 밝혀 수피(樹皮)의 가능(可能)한 이용책(利用策)을 위(爲)한 기본적(基本的) 성질(性質)을 구명(究明)하고자 하는 바이다. 해부학적(解剖學的) 성질(性質)은 일반적(一般的) 특성(特性)으로서 표피(表皮)의 색(色), 탈락의 형태(形態), 주피(周皮)의 색(色)과 배열형태(配列形態), 수피(樹皮) 두께등(等)을 다루었고 현미경적(顯微鏡的) 특성(特性)으로 사관절(篩管節), 반세포(伴細胞), 사부유세포(篩部柔細胞), 사부섬유(篩部纖維), 방사조직(放射組織), 주피조직(周皮組織), 석세포(石細胞)의 유무(有無), 보강세포(保强細胞)의 유무(有無)와 크기, 결정체등(結晶體等)에 대(對)하여 조사(調査) 연구(硏究)하였다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 얻은 결론(結論)은 다음과 같다. 1. 일반적(一般的)으로 수피(樹皮)의 박락(剝落)은 어렵고 내피(內皮)와 외피(外皮)가 쉽게 분리(分離)되지 않으며 수피내(樹皮內)의 보강세포(保强細胞)는 쉽게 육안(肉眼)으로 관찰(觀察)된다. 2. 참나무속(屬) 주피조직(周皮組織)에서 콜크형성층(形成層)과 콜크피층(皮層)의 구별(區別)이 명확(明確)치 않고 굴참나무는 콜크조직(組織)이 가장 잘 발달(發達)되어 있으며 상수리나무 수피(樹皮)는 박막(薄膜)콜크조직(組織)과 후막(厚膜)콜크조직(組織)으로 구성(構成)되어 있다. 3. 참나무속수피(屬樹皮) 사관절(篩管節), 반세포(伴細胞), 사부섬유(篩部纖維)와 보강세포(保强細胞) 및 결정체등(結晶體等)을 가지고 있으며 특(特)히 보강세포(保强細胞)는 소나무속(屬)이나 사시나무속(屬)고 달리 가장 잘 발달(發達)되어 있어 많이 분포(分布)되어 있고 사부섬유(篩部纖維)보다 더 많은 체적점유율을 보이고 있다. 4. 방사조직(放射組織)은 보통 1~3열(列) 조직(組織)이고 간혹 15~20열(列)의 다층방사조직(多層放射組織)이 나타난다. 5. 유세포(柔細胞) 및 보강세포내(保强細胞內)에 다각형(多角形)의 결정체(結晶體)와 생기(生氣)있는 유세포내(柔細胞內)에 괴상화형결정체(塊狀花形結晶體) 존재(存在)한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.317-325
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• 1991

Mineral nitrogen dynamics and net mineralization of nitrogen in oak(quercus accutissima) and pine(pinus rigida) forest soils were studied. Nitrogen mineralization was determined over 8-week period by incubation method at laboratory. Initial water content of incubating soils was adjusted by applying suction(30mmhg), and lossof water during incubation was recovered with deionized water using syringe at every 3 or 4days. Temperature of incubator was maintained with 35+0.3c during the incubation period. Content of organic matter, total nitrogen, nh4-n and no3-n in soils in oak stand were significantly highter than those in pine stand. soil ph was lower in pine stand than in oak stand. initial nh4-n and no3-n of soils used in incubation experiment were 12.6 ug/g and 6.5 ug/g for oak stand, and 5.3ug/g and 5.1 ug/g for pine stand, respectively. Production of nh4-n increased from the beginning st both stands, and showed a peak at 5th week in oak stand(28.5 ug/g) and 6th week in pine stand(16.7 ug/g), and then decreased. intial no3-n of soils in oak(6.5 ug/g) and pine(5.1ug/g)stands, increased to 36.2 ug/g in soils of oak stand(5th week) and 13.4 ug/g in pine stand(4th week), respectively. The low values of no3-n of the field soil in the growing season compared with those of incubating soils at both stands indicate that considerable amount of nh4-n and no3-n produced in soils of oak and pine stands during two-months incubation were 59.7 and 141.6mg/kg soil, and 51.9 and 41.2mg/kg soil, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.735-747
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• 2018

Radon radiation exposures in home have been posed as a potential cancer hazard. This research aims to present the basic data of the indoor radon concentration level by examining the radon exhalation rates of wood species. Radon exhalation rates from five commonly used wood species in Korean wood building construction were measured with Continuous Radon Monitor (CRM), Model 1028 (Sun Nuclear Co., USA) using the Closed Chamber Method (CCM). The mass exhalation rate was observed to vary from $0.00089Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ to $0.00181Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$, whereas the surface exhalation rate was observed to be $0.00677-0.01517Bq{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}h^{-1}$. The radon exhalation rate of Quercus accutissima Carruth (white oak) which has the highest density showed the highest figure among the five wood species, on the other hand, the rest of four species showed similar results which were similar to the radon exhalation rates of wood in the U.S.A. and Canada. The average of the concentration measured by the CCM represented well up to the second half-life period (7.7 days). Because result of these small quantities seems to indicate that radon exhalation from the tested wood species has almost negligible impact, the main culprit of the high indoor radon concentration is clearly derived from the background of surrounding wood house. Therefore, as a safety precaution, infrastructures made of wood materials should be designed with the consideration of influx of radon and built accordingly. Furthermore, it is highly desirable that wood will be needed to use for furniture and interior finishing material in indoor environment.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 1999

Three kinds of soil surface applied herbicides and three kinds of foliage applied herbicides were used to study weed control effect, appropriate concentration, phyto-toxicity against trees and economical efficiency of weed control on trees, Pinus thunbergii, Picea abies, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Quercus accutissima, and Fraxinus rhynchopylla in a nursery. The results were obtained as follows; 1.The control effect of the soil surface applied herbicides showed that the three herbicides; Alachlor, Pendimenthalin and Simazine were alike in their holding effect of weed development, and the sensibility of weed spp. on the herbicides was different. The mean control effect was 58~89%. 2. The weed control effect of the foliage applied herbicides demonstrated that Paraquat dichloride was the best of 84~95% and followed by Glufosnate ammonium and Glyphosate. Especially when the half of its standard amount was treated, the effect of Paraquat dichloride was higher than the other herbicides. 3. Generally, the weed control effect became better as the concentration of the herbcide getting higher. As the concentration of the herbicide got higher, the restraining effect of weed development was continued for a long time in the soil surface applied herbicides, while the weed control effect appeared earlier in the foliage applied herbicides. 4. As the result of the soil surface treatments, 20% of short seedings of Fraxinus rhychopylla treated with twice amount of standard Alachlor died and the rest seeding showed low growth. In the other treatments, there was neither harmful effect of herbicides on the seedings nor growth decrease of them compared to those weeded by men. 5. When treated with foliage applied herbcides, leaves were partially of and discolorated in most treatments. About 0.4~6.2% of Fraxinus thynchopylla, which had short seedings died, and there was no difference in growth with the other treatments. 6. The herbicides showed better economical efficiency over 68% than weed control by men. Especially, Alachlaor of the soil surface applied herbicides showed the highest efficiency(77.6%), while Paraquat dichloride of the foliage applied herbicides was the best(70.3%)..