• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.2286-2290
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• 2013

Ring opening reactions of epoxides with oxygen nucleophiles catalyzed by a variety of quaternary onium salt, such as ammonium or phosphonium salt were explored. The results showed that tetrabutylphosphonium bromide (TBPB) among salts serves as the most efficient catalyst for this process and that expoxide ring opening reactions with a variety of oxygen nucleophiles including carboxyic acid and phenol, promoted using this salt, lead to generate readily purifiable products in excellent yields.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.744-746
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• 2006

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1060-1062
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• 2007

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.325-328
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• 2011

Atom-efficient preparation of 9, 9'-bis[4-(2'-hydroxy-3'-acryloyloxypropoxy) phenyl]fluorene (3), the extensively used building block for fluorene-containing acrylic epoxy polymers has been described. The epoxide ring opening esterification of 9, 9-bis[4-(glycidyloxy)phenyl]fluorene (1) with acrylic acid was catalyzed by some onium salts such as quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts. While the coupling reactions depend greatly on the kind of the onium salts, the reaction of 9, 9-bis[4-(glycidyloxy)phenyl]fluorene (1) with acrylic acid proceed most efficiently in the presence of a catalytic amount of tetrabutylphosphonium bromide at $110^{\circ}C$ with 90% yield. This reaction is a cleaner reaction that minimizes the use of reactants and the production of chemical wastes.